the impact of citizens opinions on dutch police participation in the deportation of the jews 1942-...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: The impact of citizens opinions on Dutch police participation in the deportation of the Jews 1942- 1943 Guus Meershoek](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551b1dbc550346f70d8b657c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• The impact of citizens opinions on Dutch police participation in the deportation of the Jews 1942-1943
Guus Meershoek
![Page 2: The impact of citizens opinions on Dutch police participation in the deportation of the Jews 1942- 1943 Guus Meershoek](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551b1dbc550346f70d8b657c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Dutch police in 1940
Civilian:
• Cities: Gemeentepolitie • Smaller towns: Gemeenteveldwacht• Villages: Rijksveldwacht
Military:
• Border regions: Koninklijke Marechaussee• Riot police Politietroepen
![Page 3: The impact of citizens opinions on Dutch police participation in the deportation of the Jews 1942- 1943 Guus Meershoek](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551b1dbc550346f70d8b657c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Jordaan-riot, Amsterdam 1934
![Page 4: The impact of citizens opinions on Dutch police participation in the deportation of the Jews 1942- 1943 Guus Meershoek](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551b1dbc550346f70d8b657c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
German interferences and strategy
• Merging forces into state-police• National recruitment and training centre• Putting reliable Dutch officers at the top
of main forces
• Relying on local, trusted institution (Jewish council, local police forces)
• Territorial scissors movement
![Page 5: The impact of citizens opinions on Dutch police participation in the deportation of the Jews 1942- 1943 Guus Meershoek](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551b1dbc550346f70d8b657c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Scissors movement in rounding up
![Page 6: The impact of citizens opinions on Dutch police participation in the deportation of the Jews 1942- 1943 Guus Meershoek](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551b1dbc550346f70d8b657c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Four crucial moments in deportation
August 1942: chiefs of city police in A. and TH offer assistance
October 1942: too much hidden resistance in A. and TH, start rounding up in countryside
February 1943: ordinary policemen refuse after call of conscience archbishop
May 1943: end of almost all assistance
![Page 7: The impact of citizens opinions on Dutch police participation in the deportation of the Jews 1942- 1943 Guus Meershoek](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551b1dbc550346f70d8b657c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Citizens opinions & impact on police
• Population well-informed, anti-semitism not socially accepted: February-strike, tolerated by local police
• Summer 1942: rumours of mass-murder in Poland
• Local authorities loyal, patrolmen comply• Inner emigration population, covered
resistance in police• February 1943: call of conscience archbishop
![Page 8: The impact of citizens opinions on Dutch police participation in the deportation of the Jews 1942- 1943 Guus Meershoek](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062620/551b1dbc550346f70d8b657c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Conclusion
• German authorities took the lead• Well-functioning polity stimulates compliance • Police enforced estranged
• Police and population well-informed• Some reports of genocide in summer of 1942
• Population went into inner emigration• Call to conscience came too late