The Growth of the European The Growth of the European KingdomsKingdoms

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

In what ways did centralized monarchies In what ways did centralized monarchies develop in Europe in the Middle Ages?develop in Europe in the Middle Ages?What were the reasons for the Crusades What were the reasons for the Crusades and what did they accomplish?and what did they accomplish?What were the major cultural What were the major cultural achievements of European civilization in achievements of European civilization in the High Middle Ages?the High Middle Ages?

High Middle AgesHigh Middle Ages

1000 – 1300 C.E.1000 – 1300 C.E.Kings begin to extend power over lordsKings begin to extend power over lords– Used marriage and economic influence to Used marriage and economic influence to

gain more controlgain more control

Begin establishment of the European Begin establishment of the European statesstates

England in the High Middle AgesEngland in the High Middle Ages

October 14, 1066October 14, 1066– William of Normandy defeats Anglo-Saxon William of Normandy defeats Anglo-Saxon

(King Harold)(King Harold)– William crowned King of EnglandWilliam crowned King of England– William was also a vassal to the King of FranceWilliam was also a vassal to the King of France– Created a centralized government loyal to the Created a centralized government loyal to the

new kingnew king

Normans were FrenchNormans were French– Norman knights given fiefs of land in EnglandNorman knights given fiefs of land in England

Normans mixed with Anglo-Saxon to Normans mixed with Anglo-Saxon to create the English languagecreate the English language

Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings

EnglandEngland

Henry II (1154 - 1189)Henry II (1154 - 1189)– Strengthened the royal Strengthened the royal

courts, created a body of courts, created a body of common lawcommon law

– Disagreement with Catholic Disagreement with Catholic ChurchChurch

Thomas a Becket (archbishop Thomas a Becket (archbishop of Canterbury) killed by 4 of of Canterbury) killed by 4 of Henry’s knightsHenry’s knights

– English nobles fear the king English nobles fear the king had gained too much powerhad gained too much power

Magna CartaMagna Carta

King JohnKing JohnRunnymede in 1215 – forced to sign a Runnymede in 1215 – forced to sign a contract that outlined feudal lawscontract that outlined feudal laws– Actually strengthened nobility, not common Actually strengthened nobility, not common

peoplepeopleOutlined obligations of both the king and Outlined obligations of both the king and noblesnoblesShowed that the monarch’s power was Showed that the monarch’s power was limitedlimited

Magna CartaMagna Carta

Edward IEdward IEnglish Parliament – in English Parliament – in 1295 Edward invites 1295 Edward invites knights and residents from knights and residents from counties and towns to meet counties and towns to meet with his councilwith his councilHouse of Lords – nobles House of Lords – nobles and church lordsand church lordsHouse of Commons – House of Commons – knights and townspeopleknights and townspeopleParliament slowly gains Parliament slowly gains powerpower

French KingdomFrench Kingdom843 – Carolingian Empire splits into three parts843 – Carolingian Empire splits into three parts987 – Hugh Capet creates the Capetian dynasty in the 987 – Hugh Capet creates the Capetian dynasty in the area around Paris (French Royal Domain)area around Paris (French Royal Domain)King Philip II Augustus (1180 – 1223)King Philip II Augustus (1180 – 1223)– Fought England for territories of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Fought England for territories of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and

AquitaineAquitaine– Expanded economic and political power in FranceExpanded economic and political power in France

Philip IV the Fair (1285 – 1314)Philip IV the Fair (1285 – 1314)– Created French parliamentCreated French parliament– 3 estates3 estates

11stst Estate – clergy Estate – clergy22ndnd Estate – nobles Estate – nobles33rdrd Estate - townspeople Estate - townspeople