The Growth of a Young Nation

The Jeffersonian Era

Jefferson won a close and bitter Election in 1800 Won the most popular vote Tied in electoral college with Aaron Burr Hamilton broke the tie

12th Amendment changed the way the president would be chosen

Jefferson’s Theory-Jeffersonian republicanism People should control the government Government should be simple and small

He reduced the size of the military and lowered governmental expenses

Jeffersonian EraHe was the first president to take office in the new federal capital-Washington DC

1st of three presidents from VA

This showed rise of southern political power

At the same time the Supreme Court was increasing its power

Marbury vs. Madison

Chief Justice was John Marshall

Strengthened power of Supreme Court

Ruled a law passed by congress unconstitutional

This power was called judicial review

Louisiana Purchase

1803-Jefferson got chance to buy land from France

Wasn’t sure he had Constitutional power to buy it

Bought it anyway-3 cents per acre

Called the Louisiana Purchase

New boundaries stretched from Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains

Madison and War of 1812Britain and France were at war

Both threatened American ships

British engaged in impressment seized American sailors forced to serve in British navy

America’s anger grew

Madison becomes president in 1808

He asks Congress to declare war on Britain

War of 1812

The British attacked Washington DC

Madison had to flee the city

Andrew Jackson defeats British at New Orleans-becomes a hero!

Treaty of Ghent ended the war

Three outcomes of war Anti-war Federalists Party died out America began to develop their own industries Showed that United States was truly independent

Treaty of Ghent

NationalismNational pride grew after the war

1816-Monroe elected

Choses John Quincy Adams as Sec. Of State

Adams based foreign policy on nationalism Nation’s intrest come before what a

region wants

He settled some issues with Britain

Convinced Spain to give Florida to United States-with help of Jackson

Monroe Doctrine1823-Monroe warned European nations not interfere with any nation in the Americas

He said United States would stay out of European affairs

Policy statement was known as Monroe Doctrine

Still used today!

The Age of Jackson

Chapter 3 sec. 2

Regional Economic Create Differences

Early in the 19th century regions of the US developed differently.

Northern states economy depended on CommerceTrade, shipping, production of materials

The South remained agriculturalCotton, tobacco

Missouri Compromise1818: Settlers wanted admissionFree or Slave State?The CompromiseMaine admitted as free stateMissouri as a slave

The rest of the Louisiana Territory Split into 2 parts36’ 30Slavery banned in the North (except for Missouri)South of it was legal

Indian Removal Act of 1830

Under the Authority of President Jackson

Forceful removal of Native Amer. to west

Removal of Indian from 1831-33 Again in 1835

An estimated 30,000 Indians forced to move west of the Mississippi.

Worcester v. Georgia 1832

The Cherokee Nation took the state of Georgia to court

They won their case

Jackson refused to follow the order

Even so, still forcibly removed

Indians walked 1000s of miles

1/4of the Cherokee would die along the way

The Trial Of Tears

Nullification

Southerners objected to tariffs

John C. Calhoun fought for states’ rights

Argued that states could nullify federal laws they felt were unconstitutional

1832-South Carolina tried to nullify a federal tariff threatened to secede from the union

Daniel Webster (Mass) opposed nullification

Henry Clay worked out compromise to keep S.C in Union

Bank War

Jackson was against 2nd National Bank

Took federal money out of the national bank and put it in other hands

National bank went of existence

People began to think that Jackson had too much power

Whig Party was formed

Growth of Political Parties

Election of 1824John C. Calhoun

John Quincy AdamsWilliam Crawford

Henry ClayAndrew Jackson

Election of 1828Andrew Jackson

John Quincy Adams

Election of 1836Martin Van Buren

William Henry HarrisonDaniel Webster

Hugh White

Election of 1840Martin Van Buren

William Henry Harrison

DemocratRepublican

Whig

Panic of 1837Martin Van Buren Elected President in 1836By 1837-many banks that Jackson had put money into failedHelped cause the Panic of 1837 and a depression1840-Van Buren loses to Wm Henry Harrison (Whig)Harrison dies soon after-vice-president john Tyler takes over

Manifest Destiny

Chapter 3 Section 3

Terms and NamesManifest destinySanta Fe TrailOregon TrailStephen F AustinTexas RevolutionThe AlamoSam HoustonJames K PolkRepublic of CaliforniaTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Settling the FrontierMany Americans believed that God wanted them to move across the continent

Believed that they were meant to control the west-manifest destiny

Why go west? Economic reasons-cheap land After panic of 1837 many wanted fresh start

Paths to the west Santa Fe Trail-Independence, MO & Santa Fe, New Mexico Oregon Trail-Independence & Portland, Oregon

Mormons-used Oregon trail to Utah

Had been persecuted in the East

Settled on edge of the Great Salt Lake

Texas Independence

1820s-Mexico encouraged Americans to settle in TexasThey were offered land to help make area more stableStephen F Austin-set up a colony of Americans in TexasSoon Anglos outnumbered the Spanish-speaking TexansCreated cultural differences English instead of Spanish Protestant instead of Catholic Southerners who brought slaves

Mexico had outlawed slavery in 1829Mexicans unsuccessful in getting Texans to free slaves

Texas IndependenceMexico tried to keep more Americans from coming

Settlers came anyway

Austin asks Mexico for self-government in Texas

1836-War breaks out-called Texas Revolution

Small Texas force tried to defend the Alamo

All 187 Americans were killed when Mexico captured the mission

“Remember the Alamo”Became the rallying cry for Texas rebels

Sam Houston became commander of the Texans They captured Santa Anna Won their independence

1844-James K Polk-President Slaveholder Favored westward expansion

1845-Texas admitted as state

The Mexican-American War 1846-48For the first time the US went to war not for independence, or foreign provocation but for territorial expansion.Polk, believed war with Mexico would allow the US to take over the Texas, New Mexico and California territoryPolk implied that Texas was a part of the Louisiana purchase, and treated it as US propertySent troops under Gen. Zachary Taylor to protect our border’sTension escalated when Taylor crossed the Rio Grande. An American Soldier was found dead and an American patrol was attacked. That all the provocation Polk needed to declare war

After several military victories

Mexico conceded defeat

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Mexico agreed to the Rio Grande as the border

The US gained Texas, New Mexico And California

California Gold Rush1848-Gold discovered in California

People “rushed” to California for gold

These “49ers” came from all over America as well as other countries

California’s population exploded

San Francisco became a boom town

Thousands of people came to California

Development of farming, manufacturing, shipping, and banking grew rapidly

Chapter 3 Section 4

Great economic changes in the US during the first half of the 19th century

Market revolution-people bought and sold goods rather than making them for themselves

Free enterprise-economic system in which private businesses and individuals control production

Both expanded at this time

Entrepreneurs-invested in new industries

New industries produced goods that: Made life more comfortable Improved manufacturing Improved transportation Improved communications

New Inventions

Different regions became dependent on each otherEach region needed goods produced by other regionsNorth became the center of commerce and manufacturing Midwest became a farming region Crops were carried by canal and train to

markets in the East

South remained agricultural Cotton Rice Tobacco

Slaves were used to raise those crops

Changing WorkplacesNew market economy changed the way Americans worked

Factories took the place of home shops

New machines allowed unskilled workers make goods that skilled workers had made

These workers had to work in factories

Thousands of people worked in textile mills Hired young women instead of men-could be paid less “Mill girls” lived in boarding houses owned by factories Working conditions were horrible

Workday-more than 12 hours-a-day Hot, noisy and dirty Many became ill

Workers OrganizeBad working conditions led workers to unite

1834-Lowell textile mill cut wages by 15%

Mill girls went on strike

Public support was against the workers

1830s-40s-there were many strikes for shorter work days

Employers won strikes by hiring strike-breakers Many were European immigrants

Immigration increased between 1830-1860

Most met prejudice in the United States

The First Unions

Small trade unions began to band together in the 1830s

National Trades’ Union formed in 1834 Represented a variety of trades

At first strikes were declared illegal

1842-Commonwealth v. Hunt Massachusetts Supreme Court

supported the workers right to strike

Reforming American Society

TOPIC AIMS/GOALS

Second Great Awakening Bring more people to God

Unitarianism

Transcendentalism

Abolition

Women’s Rights

Religious and Social Reforms of the 19th Century

Second GreatAwakening

Lyman BeecherCharles G Finney

Abolitionist

Fredrick DouglasHenry Highland GarnetWilliam Lloyd Garrison

EducationalReform

Lyman BeecherHorace Mann

Mentally Ill & Handicapped

Dorothea DixThomas Gallaudet

Samuel Gridley Howe

Women’sRights

Lucretia MottElizabeth Cady

Stanton

Temperance

Movement

Lyman Beecher

Study

FOR

Your