LECTURE #1

THE AZTECS AND THE SPANIARDS

1500 TO 1600

I. CREATING COMPLEX COMMUNITIES.

A. PERIODIZATION OF HUMAN HISTORY.

B. THE PROCESS OF MODERNIZATION.

II. UNIFYING EMPIRES: THE AZTECS AND SPAIN.

A. THE AZTEC EMPIRE, 1300 to 1519.

B. SPAIN AND THE RECONQUISTA, 1492.

C. CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS (1451 – 1506).

III. THE THREAT TO UNITY: TWO EMPIRES CLASH.

A. A VISIT BY HERNAN CORTES (1485 – 1547).

B. MOCTEZUMA II (r. 1502 -1520).

IV. THE OUTCOME: THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE.

LECTURE #2

THE KONGO AND PORTUGAL

1400 TO 1600

I. UNIFYING AN AFRICAN STATE.

A. PROBLEMS OF CENTRAL AFRICA.

B. THE MANIKONGO AND GIFT-GIVING.

II. PROBLEMS IN PORTUGAL: EXPLORATIONS.

A. MOTIVATIONS AND METHODS.

B. VASCO DE GAMA (c. 1469 – 1525).

III. THREATS: PORTUGAL AND KONGO.

A. FIRST CONTACT AND NZINGA NKUWU.

B. NZINGA MVEMBA (AFONSO I) (r. 1507 – 1543).

IV. OUTCOME: TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE.

LECTURE #3

OTTOMANS TRIUMPHANT

1300 TO 1600

I. RISE OF THE OTTOMANS.

A. ANATOLIA, BYZANTIUM, AND THE TURKS.

B. CONSTANTINOPLE, 1453.

C. MEHMED II (THE CONQUEROR, r. 1451 – 1481)

II. THE PROBLEM.

A. THE OTTOMANS AS FRONTIERSMEN.

B. THE OTTOMANS AS A MINORITY.

III. OTTOMAN SOCIETY IN THE 16TH CENTURY.

A. THE DEVSHIRME.

B. THE RULING CLASS – KAPI KULLARI.

C. EUNUCHS.

D. THE JANISSARIES (YANI CERI).

LECTURE #4

MUGHALS IN INDIA

1500 TO 1700

I. CONQUERING AN EMPIRE.

A. BABAR (r. 1526-30).

B. EASY TO CONQUER?

II. DIFFICULTIES OF AN INDIAN EMPIRE.

A. CULTURAL/RELIGIOUS DIVERSITY.

B. THE HINDU WARRIOR CASTE.

C. LACK OF A TRADITION OF UNITY.

II. AKBAR (r. 1556-1605) AND HIS EMPIRE.

A. POLITICAL ALLIANCES WITH RAJPUTS.

B. RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE.

C. ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS.

LECTURE #5

A TALE OF TWO EASTERN EUROPEAN EMPIRES

1500 TO 1700

I. MEDIEVAL POLITICAL TRADITIONS.

A. FEUDALISM.

B. KING VS. NOBLE STRUGGLE.

II. POLAND- NOBLES TRIUMPHANT.

A. PRINCE BOLESLAV AND HIS LEGACY.

B. SEJM AND LIBERUM VETO.

C. COLLAPSE AND PARTITION.

II. RUSSIA- THE POWER OF THE GRAND PRINCE.

A. THE RURIK DYNASTY.

B. ZEMSKII SOBOR AND OPRICHNINA.

C. COLLAPSE AND RESTORATION.

LECTURE #6

THE MING AND THE MANCHU

1644 TO 1911

I. THE COLLAPSE OF MING DYNASTY CHINA, 1644.

A. UNITY – THE MANDATE OF HEAVEN

B. PROBLEM ONE – WEAK EMPERORS.

C. PROBLEM TWO – OVERPOPULATION.

D. PROBLEM THREE – FOREIGN INVADERS.

II. THE QING OR MANCHU DYNASTY, 1644 – 1911.

A. MORE CHINESE THAN THE CHINESE.

B. REBUILDING.

C. CONTROLLING FOREIGNERS.

D. PROBLEMS FOR THE FUTURE.

LECTURE #7

CREATING AND EXPORTING THE MODERN

LATE 1700s TO MID-1800s

I. THE MODERN ECONOMY IN WESTERN EUROPE.

A. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION.

B. JAMES HARGREAVES (1720 – 1798).

C. LIBERALISM.

II. DRIVING WESTERN IMPERIALISM.

A. PRESTIGE/DIVERSION.

B. PROJECTING POWER.

C. MARKETS AND RAW MATERIALS.

D. SOCIAL DARWINISM.

E. WHITE MAN’S BURDEN.

LECTURE #8

BRITISH EMPIRE:

SOUTHERN AFRICA AND INDIA

I. THE COLONIZATION OF SOUTH AFRICA.

A. CAPE COLONY AND THE GREAT TREK, 1835-46.

B. SHAKA (r. 1816 – 1828) AND THE ZULU.

C. CECIL RHODES (1853 – 1902)

C. LOBENGULA (1845 – 1894) AND THE NDEBELE.

II. UNDERMINING AN EMPIRE – INDIA.

A. THE BRITISH EAST INDIA COMPANY.

B. TIPPU SULTAN OF MYSORE (r. 1782-99).

C. DIVIDED AND CONQUERED.

LECTURE #9

IMPERIALISM IN THE PACIFIC:

THE CONQUEST OF HAWAII

I. HAWAII AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE FORCES

DRIVING WESTERN IMPERIALISM.

A. PRESTIGE.

B. PROJECTING POWER- NAVAL BASES.

C. MARKETS/RAW MATERIALS.

D. SOCIAL DARWINISM/WHITE MAN’S BURDEN.

II. KEY TERMS.

A. KING KALAKAUA (r. 1874 – 91).

B. RECIPROCITY TREATY (1875).

C. PEARL RIVER LAGOON.

D. QUEEN LILI’UOKALANI (r. 1891 – 6).

LECTURE #10

BELGIANS IN THE CONGO

I. THE SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA.

A. LEOPOLD II (r. 1865 - 1909)

B. INTERNATIONAL AFRICAN SOCIETY, 1875.

C. BERLIN CONFERENCE, 1884 – 85.

II. SLAVERY, IVORY, AND RUBBER.

A. CONDITIONS IN THE CONGO “FREE” STATE.

B. LEOPOLD’S ARMY- THE FORCE PUBLIQUE.

C. THE HEART OF DARKNESS, 1902.

D. AN ENDING?

LECTURE #11

OTTOMAN EMPIRE:

DECLINE, REFORM, AND COLLAPSE

I. DECLINE, 1600 – 1800.

A. PROBLEMS WITH GOVERNMENT.

B. PROBLEMS WITH THE JANISSARIES.

C. PROBLEMS WITH THE REST OF THE WORLD.

II. REFORMERS, 1700 – 1938.

A. MUHAMMAD ABD AL-WAHHAB (1703 – 1792).

B. SULTAN MAHMUD II (r. 1808 – 1839).

C. SULTAN ABDUL HAMID II (r. 1876 – 1909).

D. “YOUNG TURKS” AND ATATURK (1881 – 1938).

LECTURE #12

DECLINE AND COLLAPSE

OF THE MANCHU

I. OPIUM, DEMON-FIGHTERS, AND BOXERS.

A. OPIUM WARS, 1839 – 1842.

B. EXTRATERRITORIALITY.

C. THE T’AI-P’ING T’IEN-KUO, 1850 – 1864.

D. THE I-HO CH’UAN (BOXERS), 1900.

II. THE WESTERN MODEL AND CIVIL WAR.

A. KUOMINTANG/GUOMINTANG (KMT/GMT)

B. THE REPUBLIC.

C. CIVIL WAR.

LECTURE #13

MEXICAN INDEPENDENCE

1800 TO 1920

I. MEXICO IN THE 19TH CENTURY.

A. INDEPENDENCE.

B. PROBLEMS.

II. THE REVOLUTION OF 1910.

A. PORFIRIO DIAZ (DICTATOR, 1884 - 1911).

B. REVOLUTIONARY CHAOS.

C. PROMISES OF LAND REFORM.

III. NEO-COLONIALISM IN LATIN AMERICA.

LECTURE #14

ALTERNATIVE EUROPEAN MODELS:

RUSSIA AND STALINISM

I. ALTERNATIVES TO THE WESTERN MODEL.

A. SOCIALISM IN EUROPE.

B. KARL MARX (1818 – 1883) AND COMMUNISM.

II. RUSSIA MODERNIZES.

A. STATE CAPITALISM.

B. WORLD WAR I, 1914 – 1918.

C. REVOLUTIONS OF 1917.

III. THE RUSSIAN MODEL (STALINISM), 1928.

A. JOSEPH STALIN (r. 1928 – 1953).

B. COLLECTIVIZATION IN 1928.

C. FIVE-YEAR PLANS.

LECTURE #15

ALTERNATIVE EUROPEAN MODELS:

FASCISM AND HITLER

I. FASCISM.

A. A REACTION TO WORLD WAR I.

B. BASIC IDEAS.

C. VS. LIBERALISM AND SOCIALISM.

II. WORLD WAR II, 1939 – 1945.

A. AS A REVOLT VS. OTHER MODELS.

B. THE HOLOCAUST.

III. THE COLD WAR, 1945 – 1991.

A. THE CONFLICT CONTINUES.

B. THE GERMAN QUESTION.

C. THE ATOMIC BOMB.

LECTURE #16

MODERNIZING CHINA AFTER WWII

I. THE COLLAPSE OF TRADITIONAL CHINA.

A. KUOMINTANG (KMT) – THE NATIONALISTS.

B. CIVIL WAR, 1911 – 1949.

C. JAPANESE INTERLUDE, 1937 – 1945.

II. CHINESE COMMUNISM FAILS, 1949 – 1976.

A. MAO ZEDONG (1893 – 1976) AND THE MODEL.

B. THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION (1965 – 1973).

III. DENG XIAOPING (1904 – 1997)- THE PRAGMATIST.

A. THE CHINESE MODEL.

B. TIANANAMEN SQUARE MASSACRE, 1989.

LECTURE #17

INDIA MODERNIZES

I. RESISTANCE TO BRITISH RULE.

A. PROGRESS TO SELF-RULE.

B. INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS, 1885.

C. ROADBLOCK TO SELF-RULE.

D. THE AMRITSAR MASSACRE, 1919.

E. MOHANDAS GANDHI (1869 – 1948).

II. INDEPENDENCE AND MODERNIZATION.

A. TRIUMPH AND TRAGEDY, 1947.

B. JAWAHALAL NEHRU – THE INDIAN MODEL.

C. THE NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT.

D. SHIFT TO THE WESTERN MODEL, 1990s.

LECTURE #18

DECOLONIZATION IN AFRICA:

SOUTH AFRICA, 1948 TO 1994

I. THE LEGACY OF IMPERIALISM IN AFRICA.

A. NATIONALISM/ETHNIC TENSIONS.

B. UNDERDEVELOPMENT.

C. MINORITY RULE.

II. SOUTH AFRICA AND THE COLONIAL LEGACY.

A. APARTHEID, 1948.

B. SOWETO RIOTS, 1976.

C. NELSON MANDELA (1918 – 2013), 1964.

III. OVERCOMING THE PAST.

A. NELSON MANDELA, 1994.

B. TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION.

C. ECONOMIC CHALLENGES.

LECTURE #19

DECOLONIZATION IN AFRICA:

THE CONGO, 1957 – 1997

I. INDEPENDENCE.

A. BELGIAN CONGO.

B. MOUVEMENT NATIONAL CONGOLAIS (MNC).

C. PATRICE LUMUMBA (1925 – 1961).

II. LEGACIES OF IMPERIALISM.

A. THE KATANGA SECESSION, 1960.

B. TRAGEDY IN THE CONGO.

C. TRAGEDY IN RWANDA.

LECTURE #20

MEXICO AND THE WESTERN MODEL

I. POLITICAL STABILITY.

A. PRESIDENT LAZARO CARDENAS (1934 – 1940)

B. THE P.R.I. (1929 – 2000).

C. BRACERO PROGRAM, 1942 – 1964.

II. ECONOMIC GROWTH AND CHALLENGES.

A. THE ECONOMY AFTER 1945.

B. 1968 OLYMPICS.

B. N.A.F.T.A.

C. THE DRUG WARS, 2006.

LECTURE #21

ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT IN THE MIDDLE EAST

1948 TO 1995

I. THE CREATION OF ISRAEL IN 1948.

A. A LEGACY OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR.

B. AN EXAMPLE OF WESTERN IMPERIALISM.

II. THE COLD WAR AND NEVER-ENDING CONFLICT.

A. THE SUEZ WAR, 1956.

B. THE SIX DAY WAR, 1967.

C. YOM KIPPUR WAR, 1973.

III. WAR BY OTHER MEANS.

A. PALESTIAN LIBERATION ORG. (P.L.O.)

B. ORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING

COUNTRIES (O.P.E.C.)

IV. TOWARDS PEACE.

A. ANWAR AL-SADAT (1918-81) AND

MENACHEM BEGIN (1913-92).

B. INTIFADA, 1987 – 1995.

C. YITZHAK RABIN (1922-95) AND THE TWO-

STATE SOLUTION.

LECTURE #22

IRAN IN THE MODERN WORLD

1945 TO 1989

I. IRAN BEFORE 1945.

II. SHAH MUHAMMED REZA PAHLAVI II (1919-80).

A. RISE TO THE THRONE, 1941.

B. PRIME MINISTER MOHAMMED MOSSADAQ

(1882-1967).

C. NATIONALIZATION, BLOCKADE, AND COUP.

D. THE WHITE REVOLUTION (1960s).

III. OPPOSITION

A. THE“NECKTIES” AND THE WESTERN MODEL.

B. THE “TURBANS” AND THE WESTERN MODEL.

C. AYATOLLAH RUHOLLAH KHOMEINI

(1902 - 1989).

D. ISLAMIC REVOLUTION, 1979.

E. WAR, ISOLATION, AND REEMERGENCE.

LECTURE #23

TUVALU AND THE PROBLEMS

OF MODERNIZATION

I. THE ISLANDS.

A. COLONIZATION.

B. INDEPENDENCE.

II. ECONOMIC ISSUES.

A. MAKING IT IN THE MODERN WORLD.

B. THE LUCK OF THE DRAW- DOT TV

III. GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE.