the french revolution and napoleon...the french revolution and napoleon chapter 18. estates ......
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The French Revolution and Napoleon
Chapter 18
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Estates► First Estate
▪ Catholic Church▪ Ran schools, hospitals, and
orphanages► Second Estate
▪ Nobility▪ Land owners
► Third Estate▪ Bourgeoisie: lawyers,
doctors▪ Peasants, urban workers
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Financial Troubles► National debt soars
▪ Costly wars, lavish parties, rising food prices▪ Nobles and clergy exempt from taxes▪ “What is life like for the poor?”▪ “What percentage of the people are poor?”
► Economic Reform Attempts▪ Louis XVI was weak and indecisive▪ Jacques Necker urged the king to reduce his spending
and tax the nobility
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Louis XVI calls the Estates-General► Estates Prepare Grievance
Notebooks▪ Cahiers: listing of grievances
such as fairer taxes, freedom of the press or regular meetings
► Tennis Court Oath▪ Third Estates wanted equal
votes▪ They were locked out of their
hall▪ Meet at an indoor tennis court▪ Vowed to “never separate”▪ A new government was formed!
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Effective or Not► What led to the success of the tennis court
oath?▪ Educated people were guiding the movement;
having good strategies▪ Large group of people committed to their cause
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Bastille
► July 14, 1789▪ Partisans wanted
weapons▪ Stormed the prison,
resulting in many deaths▪ Found no weapons▪ Marks their
independence day
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18.2
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The Revolutionary Era
1. National Assembly/Moderate Phase - Turned France into Constitutional Monarchy
2. Radical Phase - Violence led to the end of the Monarchy and REIGN OF TERROR
3. Directory - Period against extremism
4. Age of Napoleon - Consolidated changesWe’re here
today!
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Political Crisis leads to revolt► “Great Fear”
▪ Famine and fear spread▪ 80% of their income
buying bread▪ Government seizing land▪ Peasants attacked their
nobles► Paris Commune
▪ A radical group that demanded an end to the monarchy
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The National Assembly Acts
► Ended all special privileges▪ Manorial dues, exclusive hunting
rights, special status
► Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen▪ All men have free and equal rights▪ Taxes levied to ability to pay▪ Olympe de Gouges: wanted equal
rights for women also; met resistance
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The National Assembly Presses Onward
► The Church is placed under state control▪ Civil Constitution of 1790: took away church
land, priests became elected officials▪ Caused a riff among the people
► The Constitution of 1791▪ Voting rights installed▪ Creation of Legislative branch▪ Belief in natural rights
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18.3
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Louis’s attempts to escape
► In June 1791▪ King Louis along with
his family dressed up in disguises in order to flee▪ The King was caught in
a small town and escorted back to Paris
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Radical Days of the Revolution
► Tensions lead to violence▪ People accused the king, nobles
and priests of political offenses► Radicals take control and
execute the king▪ National Convention was
created: the French Republic was born▪ Jacobins: radicals led the
government▪ Louis XVI was beheaded
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Terror and Danger Grip France
► The Committee of Public Safety▪ Absolute power to deal with the
revolution▪ In charge of trials and executions
► The Reign of Terror (Sept. 1793- July 1794)▪ Maximilien Robespierre▪ Those who resisted the revolution▪ 17,000 executed▪ Robespierre was executed to end
the terror
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How Would You Start a Successful Revolution in America?
Pick 1 issue to have a “revolution” on…
How can you make a revolution to make this one change?
Create a plan! Write down your steps and justify why you would need to do this. There are many ideas on what you can do to make change in a country!
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The Revolution Enters Its Third Stage
► The Directory▪ The Constitution of 1795▪ Made up of 5 wealthy men▪ Called upon Napoleon
Bonaparte to put down rebellions
► Nationalism▪ A strong feeling of pride in and
devotion to one’s country
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Napoleon on another powerpoint18.4