french revolution, napoleon, and congress of vienna
DESCRIPTION
French Revolution, Napoleon, and Congress of Vienna. By: Kristin Wawrzynski. French Revolution. CAUSE: National debt and the annual budget deficit soared* France was split into 3 Estates: Clergy- owned about 10% of land and only paid “voluntary gifts” to the government every 5 years*. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
By: Kristin Wawrzynski
CAUSE:National debt and the annual budget deficit soared*France was split into 3 Estates:
Clergy- owned about 10% of land and only paid “voluntary gifts” to the government every 5 years*.
Nobility- owned about 25% of land and taxed very lightly. They enjoyed many manorial rights* that allowed them to tax the peasantry
Everyone else- some were educated merchants, lawyers and officials, but majority were urban artisans and unskilled day laborers (peasants and countryside agricultural workers)
1789-Estates General convene at VersaillesThird Estate declared itself the “National Assembly”
and swore the famous Oath of the Tennis Court?*Storming of the Bastille for weapons and
gunpowderThe Great Fear- fear of vagabonds and outlaws-
fanned the flames of rebellionDeclaration of the Rights of Man declaredNational Assembly confiscates church lands
1791- Royal family is arrested during an attempt to flee France
1792- France declares war on AustriaLouis XVI is taken prisoner of Russian mobSeptember Massacre (second revolution)National Convention declares France a republic and
abolishes monarchy
***Rein of Terror (1793-1794)- used revolutionary terror to solidify the homefrontGenerally it
Strengthened the belief that France foolishly replaced a weak king with a bloody dictator
Was used to gain the goal for an ideal democratic republic* 1795-1799-
Directory rules
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)-realized the need to put an end to civil strife in France in order to create unity and consolidate his rule
November of 1799- he was named first consul of the republic
Concordat of 1801- Signed by both Napoleon and Pope Pius VII Pope gained, for French Catholics, the right to
practice their religion freelyNapoleon gained political power*
Family monarchy- re-established Free speech and press was violated
1800- Napoleon funds the Bank of France1801- Treaty of Luneville- Austria accepted
the loss of almost all its Italian possessions and German territory on the west bank of the Rhine
Treaty of Aimes- with Great Britain- France remained in control of Holland, the Austria
Netherlands, the West banks of the Rhines, and most of the Italian peninsula 1804- Crowns himself emperor1805- Battle of Trafalgar, Battle of Austerlitz
1807- redrew the map of Germany; to weaken Austria and restrict trade with Britain
1812- invades Russia with 600,000 men but disastrously retreats
1814- (Treaty of Chaumont) Quadruple Alliance is formed to defeat France
Napoleon abdicated and is exiled to ElbaEscapes from Elba and ruled France until defeat at Battle of Waterloo
Goals: 1.Establish a new balance of power in Europe to prevent imperialism and maintain peace2.Prevent political revolutions “maintain status quo”3.Reconstruct the map of Europe
Quadruple Alliance*: Austria. Britain, Prussia, and Russia
Low Countries: Belgium and Holland were united under an enlarged Dutch monarchy to be more effective
Host of delegates from smaller states
Started after Napoleon surrendered to the allied powers of Europe in Paris
1st Treaty of Paris (signed in 1814) gave France its boundaries from 1792, and France didn’t have to pay any war reparations.
Established Compensation:Prussia: Part of Saxony, Grand Duchy of Berg,
and part of the Duchy of WestphaliaRussia: Grand Duchy of Warsaw (made into a
separate kingdom of Poland), Finland, and Bessarabia
Austria: Received Venetia, Lombardy, and Milan in Italy; Galicia in Poland; and Tyrol and Salzburg in Germany
The German States: a German Confederacy was set up to replace the Old Holy Roman Empire
Etc. 1815, Napoleon landed in Southern France
with an army of 1000 men in the hopes of surprising the allies and regaining control of FranceThe representatives (still in Vienna) stopped fighting over the land boundaries and banded together to form a powerful army.
Final act of the Congress of Vienna (1815): ended the meeting with a plan for
Balance of power A reconstructed Europe Plan to meet periodically**
http://wps.ablongman.com/long_kishlansky_cw_5/0,6472,269723-,00.html
http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/congvienna.html
http://ibatpv.org/projects/congress/vientime.html
http://www.victorianweb.org/history/forpol/vienna.html
Textbook