The element shown in the model is

A. berylliumB. nitrogenC. fluorineD. neon

Building Blocks of the Universe

In 1808, John Dalton proposed an explanation for the ‘magic’ of chemistry• He reasoned that elements were composed of

atoms & that only whole #’s of atoms can combine to form compounds

• He had 5 ideas about the nature of matter: 3 were right, 2 were a little off

In 1808, John Dalton proposed an explanation for the ‘magic’ of chemistry• He reasoned that elements were composed of

atoms & that only whole #’s of atoms can combine to form compounds

• He had 5 ideas about the nature of matter: 3 were right, 2 were a little off

The Atom:From Alchemy to Science

Sec 3-1Sec 3-1 Pg 65-69Pg 65-69

1.All matter is composed of extremely small particles called atoms

2. Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass, and other properties; atoms of different elements differ in size, mass, & other properties

ELEMENT2

ELEMENT2

ELEMENT 3

ELEMENT 3

ELEMENT 1

ELEMENT 1

ELEMENT4

ELEMENT4

Reality: Atoms of a given element all have the same number of PROTONS

True

3. Atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed

4. Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole # ratios to form chemical compounds

5. In chemical changes, atoms are combined, separated, or rearranged

++++ ++++

False: atoms can be subdivided into smaller particles

True

True

Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter has been modified.

1. All matter is composed of atoms2. Atoms of any one element differ in properties

from atoms of another element. All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, but they can have different masses.

3. Matter (atoms) cannot be created or destroyed.

4. Compounds are made of whole numbers of atoms.

5. Reactions rearrange how atoms are chemically bonded to one another.

Dalton’s Atomic Theory of Matter has been modified.

1. All matter is composed of atoms2. Atoms of any one element differ in properties

from atoms of another element. All atoms of an element have the same number of protons, but they can have different masses.

3. Matter (atoms) cannot be created or destroyed.

4. Compounds are made of whole numbers of atoms.

5. Reactions rearrange how atoms are chemically bonded to one another.

The Atom:From Magic to Science

The Atom!

2 Areas of the atom:

Nucleus •Protons•Neutrons

Electron cloud

Electrons Tiny, very light particles MASS=

about 0

Have a negative electrical charge (-) Move around the outside of the

nucleus

9.109 x 10-31 kg1/1837 of a proton

Protons Much larger and heavier than

electrons Mass = 1.0 amu (atomic mass unit) Protons have a positive charge (+) Located in the nucleus of the atom 

Neutrons Large and heavy like protons Mass = 1.0 amu Neutrons have no electrical charge:

NEUTRAL Located in the nucleus of the atom 

All matter is composed of atoms. The earth's crust is made up of 90

different types of atom. Each unique type of atom is called

an element. Each atom contains a 3 types of

subatomic particles with the following properties:

Subatomic Particle Charge Mass

Proton positive 1 atomic mass unit

Neutron neutral 1 atomic mass unit

Electron negative ~0 mass units

P= 26

N= 30

P= 26

N= 27

They’re BOTH Iron

Men – why?

Atomic number equals the number of ____________

Whole number of atomic mass equals the number of ______________ + ____________

The Atoms Family - Atomic Math Challenge

Atomic NumberSymbolNameAtomic Mass

protons

protonsneutrons

Please complete the table:

Particle Location Mass Charge

Proton

Neutron

Electron

nucleus 1 amu +

nucleus 1 amu 0

electron cloud 0 -

POSIT IVECHARG E

PROT ONS

NEUT RALCHARG E

NEUT RONS

NUCLEUS

NEG AT IVE CHARG E

ELECT RONS

AT OM

Most of the atom’s mass.

NUCLEUS ELECTRONS

PROTONS NEUTRONS NEGATIVE CHARGE

POSITIVE CHARGE

NEUTRAL CHARGE

ATOM

QUARKSAtomic Numberequals the # of...

equal in a neutral atom

QUARKS – basic particle and fundamental part of matter

6 types of Quarks: Top, Bottom, Charm, Strange, Up, Down…

Protons are made of 3 quarks:2 up + 1 down

Neutrons are made of 3 quarks:2 down + 1 ‘up’

http://particleadventure.org/quarks.html