7.1 compound, atoms and ions let’s review: look at these elements: sodium (metal) fluorine(non...
DESCRIPTION
BACK TO FLUORINE Fluorine needs just one more electron to become stable…. When it gains that one electron, it becomes an ion….TRANSCRIPT
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7.1 COMPOUND, ATOMS AND
IONS
Let’s review: look at these elements:
Sodium (metal) Fluorine(non metal) Neon (noble gas)
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STABILITY Both Na and F need to be stable ( have 8 electrons in their
valence shell just like a noble gas ) such as Ne which is the nearest noble gas to them
For ex: H will try to be like He Li will try to be like He Na will try to be like S will try to be like
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BACK TO FLUORINE Fluorine needs just one more electron to become stable….When it gains that one electron, it becomes an ion….
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BACK TO SODIUMNa
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A TRENDUsually metals tend to lose electrons Non metals tend to gain electrons
When metals and non-metals join in a chemical bond, it is called an ionic bond.
Ex: Na and Cl
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IONS When metals lose electrons they become positive ions
When non-metals gain electrons they become negative ions
What do these charges mean?
Be O
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LOOK AT THIS IONIC COMPOUND CaF2
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An ionic compound
o A compound made up of (a metal + non-metal )
o One atom loses electrons and one atom gains electrons.
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IONIC COMPOUNDS1) Ionic solids exist as a solid in the form of an ionic lattice or
crystals.
The positive ions attract all of the negative ions, and vice versa. ex: table salt (NaCl): the 1:1 ratio of ions results in a
simple square-shaped ionic crystal.
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IONIC COMPOUNDS2) Ionic compounds have high melting points
3) Ionic compounds are very hard and brittle
4) Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved
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IONIC COMPOUNDS ARE FORMED BETWEEN A METAL (+) AND A NON-METAL (-)
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POLYATOMIC IONS1) Polyatomic ions form ionic compounds with
other ions.
2) Polyatomic ions are formed by covalent bonds, but bond ionically
with other ions to form compounds.
Polyatomic ions: PO4 -3 OH- CO3-2
Ex: hydroxide ion (OH-) will form an ionic bond with lithium (Li+) to form lithium hydroxide (LiOH).
Li+ + OH- LiOH (ionic)
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Covalent compounds or molecular compounds
o A compound made up of (a non-metal + non-metal )
o Atoms share electrons in the valence shellso No gaining or losing electrons.
What kind of compound would be formed when oxygen and chlorine get together?
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COVALENT COMPOUNDS Let’s look at O2
Now both oxygens will have 8 electrons in their valence shells (be stable) . All these covalent compounds are also referred to as molecules.
CO2, O2, H2O
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COVALENT COMPOUNDS1) Covalent compounds have low melting points, boiling points.
2) Poor conductors of electricity
Fig 9 page 181
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SUMMARY Ionic
Covalent
Remember hydrogen is a non-metal !!!
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7.2We call the physical force that
holds atoms together a chemical bond.
The smallest particle of an element is called an __________. So the smallest particle of a nitrogen element is called _________
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The smallest particle of a compound with ionic bonds is called ____________
Ex: the smallest particle of CaCl2 is ___________
The smallest particle of a covalently bonded compound is called a ____________
Ex: The smallest particle of CO2 is a ___________
That’s it !
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HOMEWORK Page 1741,2,9,11,12
Page 18210, 11
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