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The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic

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Page 1: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

The Dark AgesThe Dark AgesMedieval, Romanesque, and GothicMedieval, Romanesque, and Gothic

Page 2: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

So What made the dark ages so dark?

As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology, art, and literature of the Classical age was lost.

Europe was swept up in turmoil. Constant war and shifting politics.

The people are mostly ignorant. Little education. Little chance to improve their lives.

Page 3: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Goth Migrations

Page 4: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Age of Faith: The Rise of Catholicism

Catholic means “universal,” and at this time it truly was the universal church, at least in Europe.

The Church was the most organized entity for much of the early Dark Ages. However, as time progresses, kings are able to establish political power. Still, the church has TREMENDOUS power over the people.

The Church owned large amounts of land. The Pope spoke for God, but he enforced “God’s will” with his army. Very rich. Had ecclesiastical power over rulers.

Page 5: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Monastic Period

Monasteries flourish. Oftentimes, a nobleman’s first sons inherited all of the land, so the other sons would often become “men of cloth.”

Would take vows of chastity, poverty, and obedience.

The clergy and the aristocracy were often the only ones that were literate. No printing press yet. Books were copied by hand. Most popular book: the Bible, painstakingly copied by monks.

Page 6: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Monastic Orders

Benedictine: Strict

Cistercians: Stricter

Franciscans: Aware of poverty. Out among the people more giving service.

Dominicans: Also centered around people, service

Jesuits: Emerged later. They were the “bulldogs for the Lord.” Very strict vows. Missionaries and enforcers for the church.

Page 7: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Age of Crusades

Purpose of the Crusades was to regain the Holy Land which had been taken over by the Infidels, the Muslims.

Commissioned by the Pope. If you fought, it was an automatic ticket into heaven (no matter what else you did.)

Chance to loot and gain money.

Page 8: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Richard the Lionheart

Page 9: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Crusades

1st Crusade (1095)- pretty successful.

2nd/3rd Crusades- Led by Richard the Lionhearted. Both failed.

4th Crusade- Ended in Constantinople. Lots of looting. Bad feelings between Muslims and Christians throughout the whole time. (Still there?)

Page 10: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Children’s Crusade

Children’s Crusade

Children’s Crusade- One of worst disasters ever. 30,000 children ages 9-14. Thought their faith would prevail where others failed. Thought sea would part and allow them to cross on dry ground. Didn’t. Many drowned, starved, or exposed.

Children’s Crusade- One of worst disasters ever. 30,000 children ages 9-14. Thought their faith would prevail where others failed. Thought sea would part and allow them to cross on dry ground. Didn’t. Many drowned, starved, or exposed.

Page 11: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Bubonic Plague

1348-1349

Awful problems. No sewage system. Polluted water. Bad hospitals. Didn’t understand the whole “germs” thing quite yet.

Started in Italy. Spread from rats. Soon spread through all of Europe. Killed 1/2 to 1/3 of all of European population. Probably worst European disaster (per capita) in history.

Page 12: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

“The Triumph of Death”“The Triumph of Death”by Pieter Bruegel the Elderby Pieter Bruegel the Elder

Page 13: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

FEUDALISM

At that time, money was scarce and land was plentiful.

To become more rich, you needed to take more land. So a king would do so by assembling an army. They would then attack for him and also defend him from other invaders.

In return for their military services, the king would give the nobility land. The king also demanded a tax to be paid to him from the land, but the nobility got to collect the taxes. Most stayed with nobility with a nice chunk going up to the king.

Page 14: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Feudalism contd.

The nobility would then also parcel out their land to other men in return for the same services: military and taxes.

So the land was controlled by a select few at the very top. The land was worked by the masses of peasants in the field.

There were also many tradesmen that worked in the cities. This is the simplified version of feudalism. It also differed from place to place.

Page 15: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Bubonic Plague and feudalism

When the Bubonic Plague hits and wipes out such a large population, it had some major social effects.

Simple economics: supply and demand. Now that the supply of workers much smaller, the individual workers have a lot stronger bargaining tool. They can make more demands, and they do. And life improves tremendously, in general.

Page 16: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

A Brief Political History: (Reader’s Digest version)

The Barbarian tribes are going around conquering everyone. Most of these are coming from Eastern Europe and Germany.

Three groups emerge from Germany:

The Angles and Saxons combine (Anglo-Saxon) and take over Great Britain. GB is defended by the half-myth, half-real warrior-king named Arthur.

The Franks move into the Roman region called Gaul (France) and consolidate their power.

Page 17: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,
Page 18: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Merovingians

Clovis, a Frank king is strong enough to bring all the tribes together under him. He is strong enough to set up a dynasty, and his sons rule under him for many years.

Many years later a new family, the Carolingians, establish their military power and take control politically.

Page 19: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Carolingians

In 711, a Carolingian, Charles Martel (the Hammer), drives back the invading Moors coming up through Spain. If he wasn’t able to unite and stop them, we all might very well speak Arabic and worship Allah.

His son, Pepin (the Short), decided to take power from the Merovingians. He asks the Pope to make it official, which he does in exchange for some land in Italy (and so begins the Papal States).

Page 20: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

CharlemagnePepin’s son was the most famous of all Medieval Kings, Charlemagne (Carl the Great.) He not only united the people, but succeeded in expanding his borders from France into Germany and Eastern Europe.

He was brilliant and highly educated. He attracted scholars and artists at his court and did much to help the stagnant culture.

He was also Catholicism’s greatest missionary. He was very convincing, either become a Christian or die. In this way, all of Germany was converted. As a reward, in 800 A.D. the Pople crowned Charlemagne first king of the Holy Roman Empire.

Page 21: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,
Page 22: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Split empire

Charlemagne’s empire was split between three of his sons, Charles, Lothar, and Louis. Most importantly, Charles got France and Louis got Germany.

Things were going great until the VIKING invasions. The Norsemen started invading England, Germany and France, looking to colonize. And they were successful. Finally, the French kings gave them some land in Northern France if they would repel the other Vikings. This is why it’s called Normandy (North men.)

Page 23: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,
Page 24: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Otto IOtto IThe German states started to

separate, but they had to unite for one major reason:

the Hungarians kept invading.

Otto I was able to rise to power and unite the Germans

to defeat the Hungarians. This established Germany as a power to be reckoned with.

Once again, the Pope crowned Otto the king of the Holy

Roman Empire. This period is often called the Ottonian

Period.

The German states started to separate, but they had to

unite for one major reason: the Hungarians kept invading.

Otto I was able to rise to

power and unite the Germans to defeat the Hungarians.

This established Germany as a power to be reckoned with.

Once again, the Pope crowned Otto the king of the Holy

Roman Empire. This period is often called the Ottonian

Period.

Page 25: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

1066: Battle of HastingsThe King of England dies and has no apparent heir to the throne. He leaves his highly competent friend, Harold as king.

However, he had a bastard son named William. He was Norman, lived in France. William felt that he should have claim to the throne because he was his son. He decides to mount an invasion and take the throne from Harold.

Page 26: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

Battle of Hastings

Meanwhile, unfortunately for Harold, a group of Vikings decided to invade England the same time Harold did. Harold had to rush out with his army to stop the Viking invasion. They fought hard and beat the Vikings. This was the last major Viking invasion.

Within days, William had landed and was advancing. Harold rushed his tired army back to fight William. They tried hard, but were unsuccessful. William was the new king of England. This is how England has French (Norman) roots- affects culture and language.

Page 27: The Dark Ages Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic. So What made the dark ages so dark? As the Goths, the Barbarians, descended upon Rome, much of the technology,

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