the crown princes commend ncema’s vital role and ... jb 34334 arbic.pdf · quarterly magazine...

ْ ُ َ َ ُ 2012 دارة اﻟﻤﺆﺗﻤﺮ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚزﻣــــﺎت اﻟﻄـــﻮارئ وا ﻳﻮﺻـﻲ ﺑﺈﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻧﻈﺎم ــــــﺪّ ﺧﻠﻴﺠــــــﻲ ﻣـﻮﺣول/ﻣﺎﻳﻮ اﻟﻌﺪد ا

Upload: buihanh

Post on 26-Nov-2018

218 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • Quarterly magazine published by NCEMA First Issue - May 2012

    The Crown Princes CommendNCEMAs Vital Role And StrategiesAgainst The Risks

    2012

    3rd Crisis And Emergency

    Management Conference,

    Recommends Gulf

    Unified System

    /

  • ``` sG

    eRCGh QGdG LGeh IQGOEG ,IG HdG GQeEG dhO feEG jJ

    ,e jdG dGh dN dG jQGSG V e Vhh ,QGdGh

    Y JGh dG FSh ac GSHh ,G dGh OGSH

    Gh GhQCG Y aG H ,UGh Gh OG iG

    ```jDhdG

    QGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG tdG

    ````dG

    QGdG IQGOE eRdG GAGLG j e dhdG SS

    QGdGh eRCGh

    MissionTo enhance the capabilities of the UAE in managing

    emergencies, crises and disasters, and to coordinate all national efforts to save lives, preserve property and assets

    by minimizing the effects of emergencies and crises,and coordinating the national recovery efforts.

    VisionExcellence in the management of emergencies,

    crises and disasters.

    GoalAchievement of State policy with regard to procedures

    for managing emergencies, crises and disasters.

  • 1

    ,VQCG IdG ie Y bf qSJh QGdGh eRCG eJ qX

    Gg e edG ,dHh , noG qdG dSCG Y OYG eEH onj

    e qOCG dSCG g e CG dP ,kS ShQe Z H WG e dG

    .WEG Y IOfi Z Ff EG ,dG H e dG ,e

    ,KQc EG qpODJ b , qnbe Z FQW e gQYH ,eRCG jCG Ea ,ddh

    hdG id qnaJ GPEGh .j oh jS IQH e edG pj EG

    f oJ S INCG g Ea ,KhM AKCGh b ,eRCG LG N

    .eGh hdG g qNJ dG jdH ,g gjJ dG jdH

    Y jQdG H ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG LGe d dG EG

    Gh ,hdG d SSCG qnG e q n oj ,LGG g dG

    kjH ,d f gdG KCG aO hO hCG ,KhM hO hDG ,a G

    .FG bCH ,Ybh M VhCG g qJ e qodG hCG ,kjJh kjOeh

    ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG hM e ,c q mM EG gj jQdG Gg EG

    dG eCG .d MoG BLG Y Jh ,gQKBG e dG hCG

    ,LdG IQOd eRCG IQGOEG Y ja eCG UdG MJEG kSM kGQhO a

    dch ,dY IAH eRCG LG , qdGh qnG dG qOQ AGLEG Y IQdGh

    .eRCG MJ b dG ,d G Z FQdG bGG LG OGSd

    HQCG ,JQGOEGh ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG e dG edG c GPEGh

    hCG MG Ea ,dGh LGGh OGSGh jbdG :g ,SSCG MGe

    DqqdG{ `H J o e qJ IQhV JCJ g eh .idG gCG J

    J bqS IQGOEG N e ,eRCG IQGOEG Y SSCG qnc ,zFbdG

    Od ,QGfEG DqqdG dG Y

    ,kG qe KQc hCG eRCG hCG QW hM

    Fbh ee ZU jW Y

    .jQdGh QHGh ICGOoG Y J

    fDe fG ,LGdG g QWEG

    ,eRCGh QGdG IQGOE ddG hdG

    cQG GAdG OL KG dG

    aG`````````````SG ```````````UJh kGQaCG ,a

    Y I`````````````G dhD``````G ie

    ```aVGh ,G ``````````G ac JY

    Wd OG`````````````SG FM kn pnd

    .W fc eh dTCG aH

    .adG h Gh

    ..

  • 32

    28

    40

    44

    56

    qpe zaY QJ

    Gdz GdWz EOGQI GdGQhGCRe hGdGQ

    G GCY dCe GdW{GEeQG GdHz GI

    QFz GEOGQIjdG zFQ

    {zedG N fijdG je

    {MzdG fi UfdG G

    {dG U fi UzdG jdG JS{dG U fi U

    {````dG ``zbdGzqpdG GY

    ... dNGdj hGENG

    jRdGh YdGhGCcS dY

    GEYfGCcS dYLz GGS GE G

    jdG je SH qnLoJ xxxx:Jgxxxx :ca

    Hj GEdhxxxx

    GCHX{ xxxx .U

    Y IQhdH qp GBQGA GdGQOI G JQGC Gdz GdWz EOGQI GdGQ hGCRe hGdGQ GCh G GCY dCe GdW{,

    MU iS J h

    60

    QTHCG gGHEG jJ .O

    a GY fi .O

    ? dG if

    36

    46

    529

    70

    ue a

    Y QJ

    QGdG IQGOE WdG dG

    QGdGh eRCGh

    WdG eCd YCG G

    IG HdG GQeEG

    2012 je /hCG OdG

    IQGOEG FQ

    edG N fi

    jdG FQ

    MdG fi Uf

    jdG je

    dG U fi U

    SH sLoJ G EG SGG L

    jdG je

    +971 2 4177000 :Jg

    +971 2 4177030 :ca

    [email protected] :hdEG jH

    www.ncema.ae

    XHCG 113811 : .U

    uJ G IOQGdG AGQBG

    IQGOE WdG dG CGQ Y IQhdH

    oJ h ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    HUCG iS

    50

    58

    64

    40

    ..

    :Hazza Bin Zayed Al Na

    hyan

    Improvised responses..

    no more tolerated

    Quarterly magazine

    published by NCEMA

    First Issue - May 201

    2

    The Crown Princes C

    ommend

    NCEMAs Vital Role A

    nd Strategies

    Against The Risks

    2012

    3rd Crisis And Emerg

    ency

    Management Confer

    ence,

    Recommends Gulf

    Unified System

    /

  • 32

    28

    40

    44

    56

    qpe zaY QJ

    Gdz GdWz EOGQI GdGQhGCRe hGdGQ

    G GCY dCe GdW{GEeQG GdHz GI

    QFz GEOGQIjdG zFQ

    {zedG N fijdG je

    {MzdG fi UfdG G

    {dG U fi UzdG jdG JS{dG U fi U

    {````dG ``zbdGzqpdG GY

    ... dNGdj hGENG

    jRdGh YdGhGCcS dY

    GEYfGCcS dYLz GGS GE G

    jdG je SH qnLoJ xxxx:Jgxxxx :ca

    Hj GEdhxxxx

    GCHX{ xxxx .U

    Y IQhdH qp GBQGA GdGQOI G JQGC Gdz GdWz EOGQI GdGQ hGCRe hGdGQ GCh G GCY dCe GdW{,

    MU iS J h

    60

    QTHCG gGHEG jJ .O

    a GY fi .O

    ? dG if

    36

    46

    529

    70

    ue a

    Y QJ

    QGdG IQGOE WdG dG

    QGdGh eRCGh

    WdG eCd YCG G

    IG HdG GQeEG

    2012 je /hCG OdG

    IQGOEG FQ

    edG N fi

    jdG FQ

    MdG fi Uf

    jdG je

    dG U fi U

    SH sLoJ G EG SGG L

    jdG je

    +971 2 4177000 :Jg

    +971 2 4177030 :ca

    [email protected] :hdEG jH

    www.ncema.ae

    XHCG 113811 : .U

    uJ G IOQGdG AGQBG

    IQGOE WdG dG CGQ Y IQhdH

    oJ h ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    HUCG iS

    50

    58

    64

    40

    ..

    :Hazza Bin Zayed Al Na

    hyan

    Improvised responses..

    no more tolerated

    Quarterly magazine

    published by NCEMA

    First Issue - May 201

    2

    The Crown Princes C

    ommend

    NCEMAs Vital Role A

    nd Strategies

    Against The Risks

    2012

    3rd Crisis And Emerg

    ency

    Management Confer

    ence,

    Recommends Gulf

    Unified System

    /

  • www.lockheedmartin.com/how

    In a world where events can unfold at dizzying speeds, decisions must be made quickly and decisively. Decision makers rely on the nations various government organizations to securely gather, distill, distribute and share information that can come virtually from any place, any source, and in any form. At Lockheed Martin, we provide systems and solutions that make sense of it all. From analyzing geospatial-intelligence and UAV video feeds to defending networks against the most sophisticated cyber attacks. All backed by a team of highly skilled, experienced professionals who understand the security mission and the technologies that drive it. Making sure government agencies have the critical decision advantage over their nations adversaries is all a question of how. And it is the how that Lockheed Martin delivers.

    THIS IS HOW Lockheed Martin security soLutions

    decision

    giving

    the decisionmakers

    advantage

    314-62797_ISGS_UAE.indd 1 12/28/11 11:44 AM

  • 55

    .

    .

    .

    .. ..

    ..

    .

    . -

    .

    .

    .

    .

    d ,zeRCGh QGdG IQGOEG D{

    hdG G Gg Fbh aO H

    YdG EG .H N dG UdGh

    e dG J dG UGGh dG

    qTCG U dG ,ITdG IOdG b

    ,fCGh G jM Y UG

    ,GQeEG VQCG Y j e c eCJh

    JLJ LJ Y UM pnSj

    AfG ``````Se ````gO qnM M ,G

    Yh ,jgL dG EG ajh ,dG

    ,gG fl h jG ac

    ,H AJQGh ,JdBGh dG jJ EG

    LG OGSG gCG Y kFGO d

    g N e ,f S .QW CG

    gG EG ,IjG eYEG IGOCG

    WdG d OjdG QhdG YO

    d ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE

    Y IoG pG G jOCJ e qnJ

    .dhdG e Y G ,JY

    .adG h Gh

    ODJ

    5

    .

    .

    .

    .. ..

    ..

    .

    . -

    .

    .

    .

    .

    ddG IQhdG N YCG ,g e hCG OdG Q``j CG jCJQG bh

  • 6

    SFH zdG{ ah dSG N ,dG S KCGh

    dG S YO Y ,dG jG ,edG N fi IOS

    IQGOEG FQ WdG eCG Qe f BG jGR H Gg

    ,Nh JGSEGh Gd qS Heh ,zdG{

    d jOG eG jDhQ gQhO jJ EG kUh

    dG S WGh .Gh WGd eG aCG

    Yh ,Y qpJ dG jQGOEG dG Y ,dG{ ah e

    dG Y Yh ,G JGQGOEG JY Y IG G

    jG Y eRCGh QGdH G G ac e

    g N dG qnh .dhdGh bEGh WdGh G

    H gG JSDeh IQeEG c OL GAdG

    HdG G dG Je N e ,eRCGh QGdG

    dG Y aJ ce Y dBG N H zd{ `d

    .aCG f

    :bQdG

    h ,SdG S H fi H S dG S OTCG

    Yh ITdG IOdG UH ,bQdG cM Ff dG

    ah ,QgORGh qdG Y aOh QGSG jJ Y

    feEGh FSdG XJ EG J MW JGSEG

    .edGh eCG je YCG ah eGG dG d

    zdG{ ah , cG S e ,S Ad N dP AL

    WG M ,a GQGOEG je dG jG EG qnV dG

    dG ,JGSEGh Gh fCGh eGdG Y qS

    bG G LG eG aCG J J

    SDG H OG Jh G J ,dG e

    EGh ,GQGdG PJ SG hdG Jh ,G

    feEGh WdG OQGG GSG Jh ,bH dG

    j eRdG G OGYEG cQGh ,jdGh jOG

    qbH G QdGh SGQdG OGYEGh ,jG BG

    J T EG qS SGh .e edG ch GMCG

    QhOh eh ,zdG{ Y qj dG QGOEG dG M

    V eh ,eRCG Hh AKCGh b G JGQGOEG

    dGh OGSH e jdG dGh dG jQGSG

    Y JGh dG FSh ac GSG Y ,G

    Y aG H ,UGh Gh OG iG

    dG MU dj dG dG jYdGh gG Yh jdG CGh G SCGQh IdGh bQdG OY AdhCG S qnK

    dhdG FQ Ff ,e BG TGQ H fi dG dG MU NCGh - G M - dhdG FQ f BG jGR H N dG

    dhdG QhO RJ dG eH Vd feEG ac aH g qS LJh - G YQ - HO cM AGQRdG FQ

    S OTCGh .SCG QGSGh eCGh eGh jObGh YLG gadG dh WGd eG aCG d

    LGe JJGSEGh fCGh GHh ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ H J dG QhdH dG

    .Jeh dhdG Y aG h WdG VQCG Y QGSG jJ gQhHh ,dhdG O qpJ b dG WG fl

  • 7

    dG QGOEG dG Y Le d qS SGh .dG

    AKCGh b G JGQGOEG QhOh eh zdG{ Y qj

    jdG dGh dG jQGSG V eh ,eRCG Hh

    iG Y ,G jQdGh dGh OGSH ,e

    GhQCG Y aG H ,UGh Gh OG

    fCGh eGdGh dG S Y qS WGh .Gh

    eG aCG J gJ dG jdG Gh

    Jh d J e ,dG e bG G LG

    SG hdG Jh ,G SDG H Od

    OQGG GSG Jh ,bH dG EGh ,GQGdG PJ

    .jG YCG ah ,jOGh e jdG ,WdG

    :G SCGQ

    ,SdG U H OS H fi dG S KCG ,dP EG

    jdG jdG gGh jYdG Y ,G SCGQ Y h

    FQ ,f BG jGR H N dG dG MU dj

    H fi dG dG MU NCGh - G M - dhdG

    cM AGQRdG FQ dhdG FQ Ff ,e BG TGQ

    e qG ac aJh ,WGG FHC - G YQ - HO

    dGh jObGh YLG gadG d jQhdG

    .dhdG eh Gh GhQCG

    :IdG

    ,bdG fi H M H fi dG S OTCG ,fL e

    J dG FGdG HGh dG YdH ,IdG Y h

    Vhh dG IG ad ,ITdG IOdG X dhdG H

    h aJ QYG H NCJ ee ee Jh

    Vd feEG ac Jh ,eGGh edG dG

    N , qS VCGh .bGTEG cCG e f dhdG I

    IQGOE WdG dG{ ah ,eCG GjdG dSG

    dG AdGh AdG Ie EG ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    kLP GQeEG L VG OdG N dhO JT

    JSDe eH dhdG fGh ,QGSGh eCG MGhh ioj

    SEG J dG eG je bQCG EG

    dGh eCGh YLG eGh dGh dGh

    Gh eGdG Y IdG Y h S WGh .dG

    f zdG{ Vh dG JGSEGh dGh GgCGh

    G ,KdG Jj WdG HSG OL J

    jgLh eRCG IQGOEG qdG gQhOh ,dhdGh WdGh

    U e hCG dG H AGS ,Cj b QW C dhdG

  • 8

    aOh QGSG jd dG dGh eGh dGh

    EG J MW JGSEG ah QgORGh dG Y

    qnKh .eGG dG d feEGh FSdG XJ

    N ,eCG GjdG zdG{ ah dSG N , qS

    HQ QGSGh eCG QhO jJ GHh zdG{

    .Jeh J Y aGh WdG

    :jdG CG

    ,G TGQ H OS H TGQ dG S OTCG ,L e

    QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ H ,jdG CG Y h

    h eCG jJ EG aOdG GHh zQGdGh eRCGh

    .Jeh J Y aGh dhd QGSG

    ah ,eCG GjdG S SG N dP AL

    M ,dG jG ,edG N fi IOS SFH zdG{

    JGSEGh Gh jQGh eGdG Y qS WG

    HSG OL J EG eGdGh ,zdG{ dEG J dG

    ,dhdGh WdGh G KdG Jj WdG

    .AiQW C dhdG jgLh eRCG IQGOEG a QG gQhOh

    Y Y J T EG jdG CG Y h S SGh

    dGh ,G JGQGOEG QhOh dhDeh eh dG

    JGh HGh dG FSh ac GSH G

    S Y qS WG c .Gh GhQCG Y ad

    ``````gJ dG jdG Gh fCGh eGdGh dG

    f JJh dhDG MW d J `````dG

    HSG qdGh IOjdG d cG OG ``````MJ

    .QGdG

    :Y

    ,Y Y h ,dG M H QY dG ``S OTCGh

    jgLh feEG e qaJ ,ITdG JOd dG YdH

    SdGh jObGh YLG jG ac T

    aOh QGSG jJ H eGh dGh dGh

    WGG IH AJQd aCG f QgORGh dG Y

    MW JGSEG ah ,c IH j Lh

    dG d feEGh FSdG XJ EG ````````J

    .eGG

    ah eCG GjdG S SG N dP AL

    WGh .zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{

    fCGh eGdGh zdG{ id dG S Y qS

    aCG J gJ dGh ,I qnG jdG Gh

    Mh eRCG AKCG bG ``````WG LG eG

    .QGdG

    JSDeh IQeEG O VGSG AdG N iLh

    e dG hdGh ,eRCGh QGdG Y gd

    ce dBG ``````SJ H ,d HdG dG Je

    .aCG ````````f dG Y aJ

  • 9

    dG S ch .dhdG e Y

    JQjR SG b f BG jGR H Gg

    QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{

    Se LG H ,z QGdGh eRCGh

    ,edG N fi IOS QH

    Ge qnb jdG GQGOEG AGQeh ,dG jG

    Nh eGd kGfl kMT dN

    OdG gQhO jJ EG eGdG dG

    `````LGeh IQGOEG dGh GT EGh

    e Vhh ,````````````eRCGh QG`````dG

    jdG dGh dG jQGSG V

    ,G dGh OGSH ,e

    JGh dG FSh ac GSH

    ,UGh Gh OG iG Y

    .Gh GhQCG Y aG H

    BG jGR H Gg dG S aG

    Ff ,WdG eCG Qe ,f

    FQ dG G FQ

    QGdG IQGOE WdG dG IQGOEG

    dG ce{ ,QGdGh eRCGh

    ,XHCG zdG{ z WdG

    Jh J H DhfEG qn dG

    JjWdG HSG OL

    .dhdGh WdGh G KdG

    fi IOS aGj ,S qnJh

    WdG dG{ Y je ,edG N

    OYh ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE

    GdGh dG S ,dhDG e

    ,cG qj dG dGh dG

    eG a CG J gJ dGh

    J e qnbG G LG

    SDG H OG Jh G

    SG hdG Jh ,G

    dG EGh ,GQGdG PJ FGh

    .WdG OQGG GSG Jh bH

    kMT cG dhDG qnbh

    HJ dGh ,eG dG MC

    IOL d dG jG e

    eR Sb dBGh ej dG eG

    h ,dG fCGh HSG

    Y JGMhh cQG SDG

    of jJ N e ,cCG LGG

    jJh LdGh IdGh JG

    QGdGh eRCG IQGOEG JGQb

    H Gg dG S WGh .kfGe

    f qe eh QGhO CG Y f BG jGR

    QGdG IQGO EG ja qj dG ,cG

    dG Yh WdG eRCGh

    dG aZh JGSEG dGh

    .YdG jNh YEG eh FdG

    dG S q qb IQjdG N h

    jdGh dG f BG jGR H Gg

    YSh cG Y Fd

    J gJ dGh HG IQdH

    QGdG IQGOEG jd eG aCG

    ah LGG GQGb PJ ,eRCGh

    kG qpcDe ,HGh dG je YCG

    G RCG h YG dG gCG Y

    IOjRh aQ j MGh ja V

    ad aCG EG fEG e

  • 10

    " "

    "" ""

    BG jM RL e zdG{ qnbh dG I qcG agh

    ,zJJ{ YLG qd WdG efdGh jG aGGh

    Y qdG WdG efdG YO EG ,GQeEG SD HdG

    dG bWEG qn dG ,zfS{ QGdG M HSd

    .YLG qd zJJ{ efH QWEG 2010

    AfCG fl e YqG jQJ gdG Ice qnJh

    ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG HSG Y dhdG

    eN e q dG jQhdG QGh GQH gjhJh

    .G

    N fi IOS e c qbh dG IcG ` qfh

    FQ ,YhQG N SQa QW cdG dGh ,edG

    ,G M Aeh ,jG aGGh BG jM R`````L

    jM RL j CG Y ,zJJ{ efd dG jG

    Y Y zfS{ Y qe jgL jJh jQH BG

    ```ddG cQGh dGh dG P````````fEGh dG

    GQ``````e ``````jJ fCT e e c ````jJh ,YGfCG ````H

    OQGGh OG L Jh IQGOEG ,gQhO e kbfG

    gG LCG e ,QGdGh eRCG LGe ,WdG

    SDG dG QGSG Vh ,Gh GhQCG PfEG

    ..dGh

    bdG GP WdG GAGLEGh SdG jJ Hh

    eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ bh ,QGdH

    aZ e FK hCG ,gJ J qce Y kG qNDe zQGdGh

    jM RL e c e ,KK fdGh ,XHCG YUh IQ

    Y qbh c .zJJ{ efHh jG aGGh BG

    .zHdG RGJ{h HO WT OcCG e hJ bJG

    dCe ,XHCG YUh IQ aZ e gdG Ice dhJ

    ,UG dG fCH J dG fdGh eG OJ

    YCG jQGSG IQGOEG Qe J gCH jd YdG Jh

    .eRCG N

    N fi IOS zdG{ Y qbh dG ,IcG qfh

    ,edG K fi IOS adG Yh ,dG jG ,edG

    IQGOEG FQ dhdH YdGh IQdG Z OG FQ

    H fGe GQjRh jQhO GAd J Y ,XHCG aZ

    UG dG LGJ dG G Y bd fG

    G OjEG gGh IcG g Ve QG J

    .UNG L e dH eRdG

    e ,cG ddG J hdG IcG dhJh

    qpe Y TQhh jQJ GQhOh GVfih Ghf

    .QGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG

    gJ bJG Ig e CG zdG{ Y je IOS cCGh

    .cQG hQ Jh WdG OG ac aJ

  • 11

    hdG S ,HO WT OcCG e zdG{ bJG dhJh

    IQGOEG GQSGh qdG jQdG G

    .QGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    e c ,XHCG dG e qbh dG ,bJG qnfh

    WdG dG Y je Ff ,gdG QhS GT IOS

    Z Z dG QcdGh ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE

    g qpJ CG Y ,HO WT OcCG je Ff ,jdG

    qdG jQdG GQhdG e jdG Jh INCG

    d gJ dG ,d jQdG G qnJ dG

    gG J EG aVEH ,dhdG ie Y G

    ,dhdG LMG Y AH kY IG qdG jQdG

    SGQdG cEG ZGd OcCG YdG J fL EG

    .eCG eRCG IQGOEG dG

    zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ JJh

    qG dhdG eG G RHCG e Kh bH

    IG jdGh jdGh dGSCGh fjH e c

    jQdG GQhdG e jdG dN e Jh ,ceCG

    QGdG IQGOEG e MJh YdG d qdG

    .WdG iG Y eRCGh

    ... RGJ{ cT e zdG{ bh dG bJG qncQh

    GG OJh eG IAc ad hdG Y zHdG

    ,adG c id IaG jQSG `eGh eGh

    .H ce jQe ebEG LCG e

    eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG dG Y bJG bh

    ,d dG jG edG N `fi/IOS QGdGh

    FdG ,LdG fi S/IOS HdG RGJ cT Yh

    .cd dG

    J EG eGdG zdG{ N QWEG bJG g JCJh

    ,UGh dG YdG SDe e GG OJh cGdG

    h G id MG feG e idG IOSGh

    .G ac

    ... QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ e ah H ,Y h

    c ,AGh AHd jOG dG e zQGdGh eRCGh

    QGdG M LGeh IQGOEG IQeEG feEG jJ

    G G H G dGh OGSGh ,eRCGh

    .Gh GhQCG Y aG H ,jOGh

    IMh FQ ,WG MCG qnV dG ,dG ah dGh

    J IMh FQ dG Leh ,OGSGh dG

    IQGOEG je ,jdG Uf GY e qkc ,IfG eG

    dG b je ,G TGQ GYh ,eG eN

    .bCGh GQGOEG AGQe e kGOYh

    ,fG H dGh hdG EG g dG ,AdG N qnh

    IQGOE WdG dG{ AfEG MGe hJ J VY

    Jh Jh ,JUNGh zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    e LGhh J fL EG ,WdG eCd YCG G

    .Y Nh WdG HSGh dG

    .JGNh YqG

    dCG jQJ Y S RG CG zdG{ Y je VhCGh

    gCJh ,eRCGh QGdG M e IOSd qe

    .G gj j FGO H

  • 12

    hdG dG WCG De da zdG{ cQT a

    QMh jYQ kG qNDe XHCG aSG dG ,KdGh OG

    FdG dG FdG OG FQ ,Qe H Wa dG S

    eeCd YCG G FQ jSCG dG SD YCG

    AeCG FQh SDe ,G Qf G QHh ,ddGh

    hdH ,zjSCG dG SDe{ qnfh ,zG G SDe{

    G G SD HdG ,dGh ad WdG G e

    N fi IOS aG M Mh .TdG fOQCG H

    d eg dSQ j DG CG iCGQ dG ,dG jG ,edG

    WCG Y qpcJ CG j dG HdG d dG h

    cQT ,dP EG .dG dG Yh ,G OY qj jdG

    /ffEG eGh G Yd WdG VG{ zdG{

    N e e jYQ kG qnNDe bCG dG ,z2011 YJ

    GQGRdG e OY cQ ,YLG hDdGh dG IjRh ,ehdG

    fi Uf IOS QTCGh .gCGh G YLG dGh

    cQe CG EG ,gG UGdGh YEG IQGOEG je ,MdG

    fCGh zdG{ GQO jdG EG J VG dG

    SCG AH G cQG QhO jJh ,YdGh dG

    fEGh YdG dG f QGhOCG Jh ,hdGh MdG

    XdGh LddG Ve zdG{ cQT c .G NGO

    HdG GQeEG dhO dJ q kbfG ,zUG LMG hd

    kbfGh ,G jdG g jYd c gG e IG

    FGT eG aJ dG IOd edG GgCG e

    dG EG ,SCJ e ,zdG{ Jh .ASG hO G

    aCG eCJ VH ,jdG g AHCG jYQ OG QhdH

    dh ,bY SG edGh eCd GAGLEGh dG

    J c .QW hM Y qd SG GAGLEG ae e

    EG kL ,dG S EG UG LMG hP qV EG zdG{

    fch JGhH K R qpj ,k qfH A qUCG FeR e L

    .G EG FfH gQT e jjh

    edG YdG OL jd dGh ,Jf qeh JGQeEG G SDe fl e ,Jh cGdG WJ EG kS

    dG ,WdG WdGh eGdGh ddG fl cQG Y ,zdG{ U ...JSDeh FGTh G OGaCG e

    N Jh IQGOEG gQhH jdG EG ,cQG g e N e ,zdG{ Jh .dhdG aSG hCG J j

    G FGT fl YJ gGh ,G G ac e hdH ,bG WG LGe WdG HSG

    .eRCGh FQdG G ac LGe dG V LCG e OQGG ac e IOSG gCH JGQeEG

  • :"

    .. .."

  • :"

    .. .."

  • 16

    N ,DG cQG qnLhh

    MU EG jJh T bH ,dYCG

    ,f BG jGR H N dG dG

    MU EGh ,G M - dhdG FQ

    ,e BG TGQ H fi dG dG

    AGQRdG FQ dhdG FQ Ff

    hCG jdG EGh ,G YQ - HO cM

    h ,f BG jGR H fi dG S

    Gd YG FdG Ff XHCG Y

    Dd UGG Yd ,G

    KCG HCG d c ,Y FdGh

    . qne HjEG FH LhNh M

    S EG dH cQG qnLJ c

    Qe ,f BG jGR H Gg dG

    dG{ IQGOEG FQ ,WdG eCG

    eRCGh AiQGdG IQGOE WdG

    YC Heh qS jYd ,zQGdGh

    .DG dah

    gjJh gT Y zdG{ HYCGh

    L e dH e Y cQG

    ,DG YCG EG KCG RHCG d c

    dG HGdG IQhdG cQd YOh

    .2014 dG oJ CG Q qnG e

    :``UdG

    kGOY ,dYCG N ,DG QUCGh

    :gRHCG e UdG e

    IQGOE qnMe N f ebEG Vhh ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    jQJ dSCGh Nh JGSEG

    ,ce jQ Jh ,I qnMe

    LG ,Ke Ge GSGh

    e CG b QGc hCG eRCG jCG

    GG OJh ,G hO

    JQhO N ,z2012 eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG De{ UhCG

    j q LG OGYEG{ :GY oY dG ddG

    ebEH ,zQGdGh eRCG IQGOEG Ie M ..G

    ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE qnMe N f

    hfl aJ IQhVh ,I qnMe Nh JGSG Vhh

    .G hd JGSG

    IQGOE WdG dG{ qf dG ,DG UhCG c

    dG S jYQ ,XHCG zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    FQ Ff WdG eCG Qe ,f BG jGR H Gg

    dG{ IQGOEG FQ XHCG IQeE dG G

    eGH H ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG

    eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG M IOd Ie jQJh J

    ,VGh jDhQ J e qph ,JGQb e R qpJ ,QGdGh

    ,gCG Gh G G SDe cQe EGh

    UG Gh JGSG L dG SDGh

    LG YdG dGh G QhO jJh ,CdG GH

    .FQdG G

    H G OGaCG e edG IQhV EG DG YOh

    KQc jC dG FdG e dG H dPh ,aT

    .d d qndGh dG IQGOEG Y Yjh ,J b eRCG hCG

    Vh Y ,UG LMG hP H gG EG YO c

    eRCGh QGdG LG qG Gh JGSG

    .QGdGh

  • 17

    G hO aJ IQhVh ,LGe

    .d JGSG hfl

    jQJh J eGH J QGdG IQGOEG M IOd Ie

    ,JGQb e R qpJ ,QGdGh eRCGh

    ,VGh jDhQ J e qph

    G LG OTSG dO Vhh

    jh ,IOd VGh dBGh ,FQdG

    eRCGh QGdG AKCG UNd

    .QGdGh

    G SDe cQe IQhV SDGh ,gCG Gh G

    JGSG L dG

    eRCGh QGdH UG Gh

    YdGh G QhO jJh ,QGdGh

    eGH WG ,FQdG G LG

    G OGaC Jh jYJ

    dG aK Jh ,QGSH JCJh

    Y FdG qne qpj ,YdG

    jCG bh Y QGdGh eRCG IQGOEG

    .FQW M

    G OGaCG e edG IQhV

    dSdG jEGh ,Uh aT H

    ,dG H d dGh bdG

    adG ch jG c IYGeh

    C ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG AKCG

    FdG e qpjh ,YTEG Qj dP

    IQGOEG Y Yjh ,KQc jC dG

    .eRCG hCG KQd d qdGh dG

    LMG hP H gG JGSG Vh Y UG

    QGdG LG G Gh

    ,JM YGeh ,QGdGh eRCGh

    .eSh eCG eCJh

    LddG FSh Y OYG MGe L jG dGh

    eRCGh QGdG LG OGSG

    QGdG N CG e qcCdGh ,QGdGh

    MG feEG c J eRCGh

    f V eh ,WG e ed

    .aGG eG

    jS K GDe Y egGh Qhfi c qoJ

    H ,eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG De

    dG e qM Ve c AYEG j

    .bGh

    QGdG IQGOEG De da fch

    fG b ,ddG f ,eRCGh

    ,VG jj e Y SOdG j

    QcdG e QM MaG H

    eCG ,jdG TGQ H dG Y

    G hd hdG dG

    ,jdG S S eh ,HdG

    eCd YCG d dG eCG

    e dhDG Qc e OYh ,WdG

    qG e fh ,jYh fe

    bEGh G dGh G e

    .dhdGh

    :edG c

    ,edG N fi IOS dCG bh

    QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ Y je

    CG EG a QTCG ,c zQGdGh eRCGh

    , qnNG GQeEG dhd ITdG IOdG

    IG HdG GQeEG dhO b e

    H jGR dG SDG d QG IOH

  • 18

    kf ,GK G qW f BG S e WdG ,ke kffEG kS

    CG hO ,JeRCGh dG jb fl

    ,L hCG Y hCG d hCG jO EG dG

    egG ,dG f Y G GR h

    e d V qnj e LGe fEH

    dhO ,fh ,QGch eRCGh Wfl

    dG fCH ,IG HdG GQeEG

    KZEG JLGH dG Y hCG

    dJ dG hdGh dGh YG

    dG CG ,dG e e JBG ,SBG

    .fEG e a Y

    IQGOE WdG dG f z:VCGh

    YHh ,QGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    jGR H Gg dG S e Heh

    FQ WdG eCG Qe ,f BG

    dG Y f ,dG IQGOEG

    SJ ,JY Y G QhdH

    aKh G HSG ge

    dG WG LGe ,FSh Jh

    dG EG Y je , b

    NGO ,G G fl e hdGh

    GQe jJ EGh ,LQNh dhdG

    IOSG Y ,eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG

    ,IaG WdG feEG ac e

    WdG Y G LCG e gJh

    .Jeh

    DG Gg{ ..CG edG VhCGh

    GQJ dG a j bh j

    M qpSDJ b ,VG EG bCG

    HTh dhO J CG eCf ,IjL

    CG eCG Y kHe ,zAGdG Y

    ,dhdG dG IgdG g S qnJ

    eG Od ,Meh FGO Ihc

    G TdGh ,eGdGh GGh

    QGdG YV j e c M

    G Vh H ,QGdGh eRCGh

    Qb cCG J dG JGSEGh

    GhQCG Y G e qe e

    Uh ,Gh Gh jdG

    .dhOh Hd eGG dG Ie

    dG{ hCG ,eRCG CG EG QTCGh

    qJ b dG qdG fh ,zLG

    N hCG e e J - H

    q mM EG ,eGJ - qnbe Z hCG qnbe

    qODJ b gh ,ICLG Y e ,c

    edG hCG ,qM pj rEG KQc EG

    IQGOEG EG kYGO .IDch jS IQH e

    ,jJ Z aCG OhOQh ,IQ pOeh IQOb

    V QYG H NCJ GQGb Y

    J kdY kIQeh kbOh ,bdG

    Y EGh ,kS eSG G

    qdGh LG d qdG HSG

    bCH e hG IQhVh ,d ShQG

    AGMG EG kUh ,G FG

    .dG h QGVCG

    Y J eRCG IQGOEG EG :bh

    j e J ee Y

    feEH DdGh ,G WG

    ,LG G OGYEG K ,KhM

    .YVG Gh GQGdG J K

    ,h eRCG SGQO Y J c

    Q qnJ EG ,e MdG NCJ dhfih

    YGdG dG IQGOEG EGh ..J

    GTDG J e J eRCd

    oJ dG UgQEG Heh ,VGYCGh

    dG Gg SSCG Yh ,YbH

    GAGLEG qJh ,OGSG Y

    e H ,dM G jbdG

    M gQKBG e dG hCG KhM

    Y eCG j h :VCGh .Ybh

    MdG MGG oJ H ,dG g

    Y dG j M ,kjCG eg ,dd

    bJ hO hDGh ,QGVCG AGMG

    eGdH ,gQfG bQ JGh eRCG

    jQGSG d OG L H e

    ,Od jG UG ac YCG

    .IQeh RGH

    jQdG GMCGh QdG CG EG QTCGh

    YG dG Gh hdG CG KCG

    e OSGh ,GSG dG

    ,MG jG dGh GG

    GAdG cGh jQdH qnSGh

    kGOY UCG J CG YSG ,GQGh

    .eRCGh WG LGe gZ e

    qpODj ,UdG g OaG CG dP ,V hCG IdG Ga EG dfi HdG qa ,GMCG j Y

    dG jdG eRCG NCJh ,GVGh

    OGYEG{ GY QNG CG EG QTCGh .jJ

    M :G j q LG OdG

    ,zQGdGh eRCG IQGOEG Ie

    YdG e kbfG AL ,ddG IQhd

    Y dhe IjL d fCH dG

    KCf ,e qM AL f H ,dG

    feEG Qb Y hfh ,jj c e oG Sf CG - d MG

    mY SCG ASQEG f ,AbUCGh ATCG

    qj CG eCf M ,eRCG h Wfl H

  • 19

    ,ANdGh fCdGh QGSGh eCG Y aG ag meGe mJ X

    .Gh GhQCG

    - QGh G CG edG cCGh

    hO dG hDG EG j qpODj - gMh

    dG ,eRCG hM hCG QGdG bh

    OG e dG GSG Y j

    H ..fG c eG ,WdG

    ,KhM MG e qG gj

    ,Ybh M LG OGSGh

    DG Gg e JY Y fCG EG kGe

    aCG QHG gG dhDe J

    Y OJ Lf IQGOEG f G

    Ie ,QGbGh IAH HSG

    eRCG e ed ,OQGG ac e

    HSCG SGQO Y ,Yah IFGQ

    ,dHh ,FdG US kG

    edG W d hCG KhM

    J Y YCGh . ke e

    eBG H UH j CG Dd

    ,kGQHG cCG M f ,Y IOG

    GjdGh WG GfCG fl IQGOEG

    .dhdG

    :qjdG c

    Y QcdG e VhCG ,fL e

    dG eCG ,jdG TGQ H dG

    ,HdG G hd hdG

    hd hdG edG jDhdG CG

    QgORG J HdG G

    dG gh ,SGdGh edG

    MJEGh ,WGe dh dhO d ObG

    ,dG MdG d UdG

    J dG YLG eGdG Vhh

    dG UdG hJ

    OjEGh ,YLG eGh dGh

    .SS QGSGh eh eBG H

    J hdG jdhCG EG VCGh

    :FQ JGSEG GgCG N

    G hO jMh ,k qnhCG

    AGS ,WGh GjdG c V

    hCG gQEG hCG LQG GhdG fcCG

    gZh ,jdG hCG G G

    .WG e

    ObG dG ,kfK

    G hO YT M ,GG

    jQG e jdG SCJh dG

    G dG e ,cG edG

    OGh ,cG OGh ,cG

    jG dG T AfEGh ,dG

    FHdG dG HQh ,G hd

    JGSEG jQG e gZh

    .jG

    ,Jh jdG OQGG jJ ,kdK

    G fEG GQH AJQGh

    CG dP ,JLMGh JMW h

    dG J EG J G hO

    LddG Sh ,UG

    UNh dG Ua OjEGh dGh

    kGMGh QYH ,QHG Vh ,d

    .QgORGh ANdG FcQ e

    eRCGh WG IQGOEH YdG ,kHGQ

    Gg NCJ G ha ,QGdGh

    kGNCG CGH M ,IjT jH VG

    dGh ,QGW IQGOEG ce J

    jhdG YTEd UQ ce AfEG

    .jdG G

    dhdG fG jJ ,keN

  • 20

    hdG hO CG dP ,hdG

    Qb oJ CG Y jMh Ie

    LGe Y IYG G

    J Y HCGO fCGh ,dhdG j qdG

    e dG EG ffEGh jJ GYe

    EG LG hCG IQ qpG dG hO

    .YdG

    VQ cdG dG qnb dP Hh

    WdG cG{ FQ Ff ,TdG

    fOQCG G zeRCG IQGOEGh eCd

    dG MU Y HdH ,TdG

    FQ ,G H Y eCG G

    WdG cG{ :GH nVY ,cG

    ,zJh iDhQ ..eRCG IQGOEGh eCd

    dYCGh cG Ie a hJ

    .eeh JGREGh

    ,OdG TGQ Y dG b K

    WdG dG{ dG IQGOEG je

    ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE

    e zdG{ Ie M keT kVY

    GN a hJ ,SCJ fb QhU

    N JGRGh dYCGh dG SCJ

    EG qnJ c .VG dG GYCG

    dG H J dG GOGSG

    , b eRCG hCG QW CG LGe

    GQeEG L H dG EG aVEG

    .QGdGh eRCG dhdG

    :hCG G ..hCG dG da

    hCG dG L CGH dP H

    M AGdG IOS gQGOCG bh ,Dd

    ,bQdG WT Y Fb ,jdG fi

    ..eRCd HSG{ :GH fch

    dG a QTh ,zIOG ShQdG

    J e{ je ,dN TQ

    ,zIG CG id ffEG hDdG

    J dG Sb{ SG dG

    ..ffEG GYGh KZEG Y

    fEG Ya ,zIOG ShQdG NBG

    e qbJ o dh ,G e qe

    , qG QGfEd IQ qe fCG N

    .Y hM EG qODj dHh

    G IOSG eEHh{ :VCGh

    GPEG JOjR o dG jdG e

    e eT Y Y JG qn

    H eRCG e e bh jdhCG

    .jdGh ffEG YdG G

    H qe H S cdG AGdG K

    Wd dG G Ye ,b Y

    WdG dG FQ Ff QGh

    NGe , oY S G ad

    ..dG QGdG IQGOEG{ :GY

    z.IOG ShQdGh j qdG

    je ,GZ e L dG eCG

    eM zG eS IQGOEG{ Y

    IVfi dCG a ,dGSCG fjc

    GQd HSG Y OdG{ M

    HSG e IOG ShQdG ..eRCG

    ,z2011 dG dGSCG fd

    qodGh DqodG IQhV Y dN cCG

  • 21

    G aK gCGh dGh

    .dGh qdG fheh WG AGREG

    qJ WG J CaVCGh

    qnojh noJ CG nLhh ,eT ee

    dG G Gg qCG EG ,LG

    IQb qj da ,kac oj

    Z hCG qbG Z GMCd HSG

    NCG IQhV Y kGO q pe , qod HdG

    c qCH - L DqoJ c - QYG

    FH pj bh fl g M

    .z qbe Z

    :fdG G

    Aa Dd fdG G eCG

    ,zFdG j qdGh OdG{ : GY

    ,Sce fa IdG SCGJh

    IQGOE WdG dG{ IQe

    QTh ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    je ,dG Uf fi IOS a

    qb dG ,zJG J g{ Y

    WdG QGdG N{ :M NGe

    eS QcdGh ,zJG d

    SGQd jdG cG{ FQ ,dG

    Sb{ :M dG zJGSEG

    JQbh G ee GQdG.zQGdG eCG OdG Y

    a dG G c

    dhdG bdG H FQ ,jOQf

    IFGO{ zqfG jG jje{ id

    zedG edGh G adG

    N da Sd dBG{ M ,fa

    WG hJh ,zeRCd HSG

    ,WGe qc IM J dG edG

    dG Jh ,dG QGdG dch

    dG WGh ,K qG OGG Y

    .dG GP GjdGh

    :dG TQh

    OfG Dd hCG dG T c

    GMCG IQGOEG{ :hCG dhJ Y TQh

    kGAH OG MJ N e QGdG

    KOM EG kUh jJc QYEG e

    ,zhjGQg Jhh jO dG qodG

    ,dBG OK (YG) hCG jdG qf

    .ceCG MGdG HdG FdG

    :Ve dha ,fdG dG TQh qeCG

    e YCG jQGSG J J{

    dG YdG H hdG jJ N

    ,eH BG dG qf ,zUGh

    e Tfd hdG G{ FQ

    jdG (dhdG DRI) zQGdG

    .ceCG IG

    :hCG G ..dG dG

    Dd dG dG YCG qnoSGh

    ,IM Sj jdG Y Qcd H

    hd QGdG ce{ FQ

    QhO Y a qn ,zG hdG

    H OG GhOCG iMEG QYH cG

    JY Y J dG ,hdG hO

    M dG G jM dhDe

    oj CG eCG Y YCGh .G hO

    G hO H I qdG r kL cG

    QGdG IQGOEG ,G dGh

  • 22

    jG qaj CGh ,QGdGh eRCGh

    ,G hO G eRdG

    G hO GhK Y ajh

    e qnj CG h ,a edG Gh

    hO IOb Y qpcj dG OG f

    edGh G Y FdGh ,G

    . qodGh bdG fh dGh

    G OGYEG gCG Y IM cCGh

    hO LGJ dG j qdG e ed

    - HdG GdG gRHCG eh ,G

    ,jhdG SCG QfGh ,FGSEG

    FG GG Y Id GdGh

    Gh ,Gh AGdG IQfh ,jG

    qdG EG bh .gZh ,LddG

    g G hO LGJ dG cCG

    M dG G Y aG

    EG UhCG dGh ,VG OdG N

    QhO jOCd qgCGh ,eG hdG pe

    d dG IQdG J c

    .eSEGh HdG

    e hCG edG G cQh

    gCG Y Dd dG dG YCG

    M ,eRCG IQGOEG hdGh dG

    FQ ,Q qHCG CG dG VSG

    HdG zHdG hd bEG G{

    JGSEd IG CG efH{ `d

    Zg QWEG ,zQGdG e d dhdG

    CG GQb AH :2015-2005 qd

    O qTh .zQGdG LGe Y Gh

    j ,QGdG Wfl e qG qCG Y

    WG qoJ dG QGVCG J EG

    ,fdGh ,RdG QGZ Y dG

    a Y ,UYCGh ,G Mh

    QGdG CG VCGh .G jbdG

    dG Wd V qdG Y LdG

    edG hdG SdG e kGOGYCG

    qCG c ,e qG hdG J q cCG

    ,QGdG Y LdG jObG FG

    H cCG g ,dG IhH fQe

    .IdG hdG

    ,g S fc dG b fL e

    FG bd jQdG cdG FQ Ff

    QGdG IQGOEG e FQ jhdGh

    eRCG IQGOEG{ :GH IVfi ,jd

    ,zjQdG jhdG bdG qfi

    ,QGdGh eRCG GfCG dN LhCG

    eRCG IQGOEGh ,QGd HSG fh

    ,zTca{ KQc H e hdG eCG

    kGe ,hdG eCG jd jQc OLh

    oS hdG eCG hDS b CG EG

    f QH G SQe 27 h 26 H

    ,J je ie Y Qe 200

    jJ jhdG YdG QhO doSh

    Y ka ,qjhdG edGh eCG

    eG eCG d hdG hdG

    .zjhdG

    FQ ,dG VY MCG dG qbh

    IQGOE WdG dG{ id zjbdG b{

    NGe ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    DdG jOdG PdG QhO{ M

    kVe ,zjhdGh dG QGdH

    de H j hdG G CG

    IOjR LCG e Ic OL jJh FW

    GOGSG Mf e dG YdG

    PdG e dG EG bh .GdGh

    J g ,eRCG IQGOEG jOdG

    e ,jG HjEG QKBG Y AdG

    aVEH ,gZh DdGh UdG N

    HCG L LGJ dG HdG EG

    .G AfCG L

    fi Fb ,dZ heGQ dG eCG

    ,ceCG ,caa We zPfEG{

    PfEGh dG Y M qn a

    e IOaEH ,gBG WG d qdG

    aGG eG f LdJ

    fCG e kJ aGG (GIS) dG Y qEG{ :bh .kdM IG

    g gBG WG d qdG PfEGh

    aJh ,fGh ,be j Y

    f ddG jd dG G

    W QGch ,FfEG GQfG

    .fEG H qj hCG ,V n nY hCG

    qG j qdG H e{ :VCGh

    Y jd jQe d GSG

    QGdG Y gBG WG dG

    GdG GSG EG aVEG ,I qeG

    cQeh Heh LddG

    .zdG a pb e qG eG

    :fdG G

    Q a fdG edG G eCG

    dG qn M ,eG H M

    IG CG e{ FQ ,N dN

  • 23

    e zffEG hDdG d

    dG H eG QhO M ,G

    hDT YdG qCG EG QTCGh .dG

    cQe EG LM ,ffEG GYG

    H QGJ e qG LCG e eG

    eG qaJ da h ,OG

    ffEG dG YdG H

    GYG HSG h

    EG LM K{ CG VCGh .ffEG

    f U eG cQe GQOEG

    k qa dP j h .ffEG HSG

    IQGOEG qCH ,bEG -Y GYG hO e

    SSCG f qpG MCG g eG

    ffEG IYG Y dG

    jRG eG IQGOEG eOEGh

    .zHSGh

    fi Tg dG q c

    eG f b FQ ,TdG

    WdG dG{ (GIS) aGG :M ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE

    fG fd SSCG dG dG{

    IQGOEG JJh WdG iG Y

    qne CG EG kGe ,zQGdGh QGdG

    GQeEG dhO GQb jJ g zdG{

    qdGh IQGOEG Y IG HdG

    PfEG LCG e ,QGdG Mh eRCd

    V e ,G Y Gh GhQCG

    N e dGh YCG jQGSG

    dPh ,G dGh OGSG

    UGdGh dG FSh c GSH

    Gh dGQdG YdG H

    .UGh

    ,jhOZ J dG G h

    G d WT V qne Ff

    YEG FSh QhO QJ{ :M ,IG

    EG Q``````````TCGh .eRCG IQGOEG YLG

    L M dG HGVG RHCG

    dG YCG NCG EG aVEG ,MGh

    L bh dG eCH NEGh

    ,Q`````````````````SG{ EG :bh ,d AfCG

    F``````````````````SdG g GfGh , qdGh

    ```````ShCG GS WdG eCG dG

    .zYLG

  • 24

    G dG EG dG Rh b oYh GQeEG H e CG YG

    S QGh Wd dG G Ye

    : oY

    IQGOE dG J qQfih qg c QhO GQeEd QGdGh eRCG

    Gh dG Jh ,QGd qpG OGSG gQKBG e dG c QhO d S BGh

    e H S cdG AGdG iCGQ

    Wd dG G Ye ,b

    OGSG CG , oY S QGh

    Gh dG Jh ,QGd qpG

    gGdG e Sj ,BGh

    dG c QhO d S ,dG

    CG qncCGh .K b dG QKBG e

    k qjQfih k qeg kGc kGQhO GQeEd

    IQGOE dG J ie Y ,G

    .QGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    QGW{ `d UN QGM ,VCGh

    HdG GQeEG dhO H e CG ,zeRCGh

    ,dG Rh b , oY Sh IG

    f { ..G dG EG

    ,e a .. kJ qpf CG

    Y Ggh ,H e ce jQdGh

    .ze G

    QGdG CGh ,BG qe G EG :bh

    SCd ,UCG dG gGdGh

    UY KCJ EG - c - qpODJ ,jdG

    W KCJh ,GdG e dG dG

    Y ,e edG CG kVe .dG

    gdG c c r onj ,dG ie

    dP ,ICLeh Uh c Ac ,hCG

    ..dGh QhG { BG UCG QeCG CG

    f - Gh Vh UCG e AH eCG Gg e df CG e

    :QGG f j e h .zodGh ddG

    ?DG Gg e OfG qJ c ,J ch ,G qkL e DG Gg

    QGdG UCGh ,BG qe G Ea

    ,jdG SCd ,dG gGdGh

    dG UY KCJ EG ,c qpODJ

    .dG W KCJh ,GdG e dG

    JCJh ,MW qd j dG

    qn e qea W IgX

    ..Ggh ,jL e AdG Ood ,Gd

    Gh dG Jh qpG OGSa

    gGdG e Sj BGh

    c QhO d S ,g dG

    jCG K b dG QKBG e d

    INCG EG ,Gh .W IgX

    DG J Y hoj GQeEG dhO

    e j Ggh ,dG YLG Yh

    FfGh gQNG dY dhDe

    AGS ,DG Gc gCG GP GD

    hd hCG IG HdG GQeEG dhd

    ,bEG hd hCG G hdG

    .H Geb e Y dG a

    ce g b EG hJ c IQGOE G hdG hd

    ?eRCGh AiQGdG

    kfhJ j e hdGh ,gCG d Gg

    .NBG hd a ,hX Gg

    Ggh ,Se fCG YCG bh JCG dG

    Yh dG Y IOLe Q f

    ,dG QGdG ,Gh

    dG dG d j G AT EGh

    gSQ dG JGSG GgCH

    .G

    RHCG e ,IG HdG GQeEG IQGOE dG qJ dG G hO

    c .QGdGh eRCGh AiQGdG

    ?QhdG Gg EG hJ

    g QhO ,G c QhO GQeEd

    eg G kf ,G Qfih

    ,jQJh PfEG Hh ,GDG H

    dhOh bEG e e hdGh

    gGdG Y JG QNCG AQO

    ,GQeEG QhO d S .dG

    H IN Ge qnJ fCG QYG Y

    gGdG g dJ e ee AH

    .gQKBG e Jh

  • 25

    H eb dG GG RHCG g e G LGe U Y oY S

    G g eh ?eRCGh FQdG

    ?CdG Gg YVG G

    Gd VJ fCG dG e

    ,U fc Ne hXh GMCG

    ShQdG J hdG d f kFGOh

    a dh M ShQO ,IOe

    dG M a .Qh Y

    SSCG dG ,Ic QeCG qnJ

    WGh QGh bdGh BGh

    kdZ dG WGh jOhCGh dG

    ,NG AGLCGh UYCH KCJ e

    V ohh ,dG bf V oh c

    QeCG fch ,dG GAGLEG d d .Gj e Y ,BG M - Gh

    kjCGh ,jQGe UYh GQYEH fQe

    c Gg eh ,Y qL

    ,W T dEG dH QeCG UCG

    gdG c c r onj e eda

    .ICLeh Uh c Ac ,hCG

    QhG BG fY QeCG UCG

    Y hCG WGG fL e AGS ,dGh

    Y FdG M hCG ,G ie

    .eRCG g IQGOEG

    Me ,FbdG iG Y GPe ?KQdG b e

    jd j CG g zb e{ e gCG

    d dG CGdG ,ee Y ee

    e qj c jQhV Jh ,c QhO

    DG g dG ,KZEG h .S

    H e UEH J IOY dG SDGh

    IOLe J c IC qe ,KQdG bh

    H f .JdhD Jh G

    UCG BGh ,G qkL Ieh jK fc

    df CG e f - Gh Vh ,odGh ddG e AH eCG Gg e

    hG YCG .VG c e H

    H a ,G S Y FGdG

    G H OLe hG ,hdG

    FSG hd G kf d ,FdG

    FGdG hG UCG ,H fQe dG

    bGe h ,dG afi c j

    Ggh , DG L e j

    .Gh - qn

    ?dG Y WG JJ g e Ia - fcP c - gcCG fY f

    ahe UCG dG ,dj je hCG IjZ QeCGh jL e OLH

    JjdhCG a ,QYEG hCG jQGe UGY

    ,ITe dH IKCG Wd c

    GAGLG e dG Y J eGh

    j qCG kjCGh ,G J dG

    g iMEG bh M b KCJ d

    .dG gGdG

    g a ,dG ie Y Gg ?iNCG Wfl

    OGe a dG fG Wfl g

    KCJ We J e kdZh ,IN

    , qpUh H gWflh ,UYCH

    H NoCG - Gh dh ie Y d N Vh qnh ,kjCG

    ,aG ie Yh ,JGP SDG

    QNG EG dG kjCG qnh .Wda

    VH ,SDGh fG g bGe

    gGdH G Qb KCJ We

    .dG

    dGh GQeEG H J g AdG J g ,Ic GN

    ?VG Gg Y

    Y fEG , kJ qpf CG f

    fRh b f CG o ,e

    ,fGLh fGNEGh gCG fC ,dG

    j CG a .H hKCj H KCf eh

    j - G Q qb - dG AT

    ,FK Jh Te JG g

    VG oj H ,M UTCc

    dh ,dG fCch ,FdG HdG

    a .dhOh dhO H SdG HdG

    ,H e ce jQdGh ,e

    gh ,e G Y Ggh

    MGdG ie Y ce jQ

    LQ ,dH FdG GdGh AWGdGh

    qpODJ eGY ch ,jG LQ ,PfEG

    .G AT EG - edG EG

    G G QhO j jCG ?FQdG G LG dG

    SCG fCa ,G b JOQCG GPEG

    SDGh G G H qaCG CG

    c fH fgT e C ,eG

    e ,eG j WGG c ,kce

    gCG qj ,dG afi ac

    QeCG ,G .eG e LJ hO

    aKh jOh ffEG If Y IQY

    e NCG CG Yj CG qnH a ,KQGe

    ,hCG IG g gCG G .c

    Y ,kfMCG eG b gDhYCG JCjh

    hQOa ,G e jb fCG QYG

    eG JCJ gH ,eG Uh b

    ,cCG k qne dG jh ,e cGdH

    J CG EG L EG kL gQhO hqODjh

    .FQdG dG

    qpJ dG SSCG G g e ?c dG Gg WCG

    WdG dG{ fY ,dG

    SCGj dG gh ,zG ad

    ,QGh Wd dG G

    dG dG e SDe 22 a Jh

    NG AGLCG IQGOEG ce UGh

    ,YUGh dG hdGh

    .LGH SDe c Jh ,QGdG

  • 26

    eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG JGQeEG HdH OTCG

    G hd hdG QGdG ce FQ

    :HdG

    QeCd m Ghh qpe T GQeEG kce kSb d JqUN N dhO d

    G H Hj

    e AfG H dYCG CGjh jdG cG e jQGOEG QeCG

    QTCGh .zQeCd YGhh qe ,gY

    h G hdG hO CG EG

    HhQhCG hdG Hh H aG J

    ,ddh ,dGh dG Mf e ,HdG hCG

    f gh .FHCG Y OYG h

    :QGG

    AfEG gCG Y KG j QGdH UN N bEG ce

    dG hG Gg UCG jCG ,eRCGh

    ?2007 dG e dM jG fG

    ? qMG cG Gg Y GPeh

    ce AfEG Y aGG qn d

    ,QGdG dM IQGOE hdG hO

    S ,G PEHh ,VG jO kGNCG

    M ,jdG dhO dYCG SQ CGj

    jdG Y .O) fCG SFHh , qne S

    dH .(jdG e ,IM Sj

    j ffbh J GAGLEG g

    d ,k qe kef Sh ,e qH

    e AfG H S cG Wf

    ,cG j dCe eCG .jQGOEG QeCG

    S G hdG hO Ea

    J cG qe Sh .kYL H

    .AYCG hdG H ,hCG LQdH

    dG WG gCG cH g e ?hdG hO O qpJ

    J ,dG QGdG SG d

    ,Ic gh ,fEG U e dG J

    MG JCjh .G eCG O q pJh

    g ee dG JGQeEG QG

    dG dG ,dc ,GjdG

    FGSEG dGh ,FGSEG ,fGjEG ceCG dGh ,fGjEG FGSEG ,Y H jhdG YGh

    H ,Y qKDJ c ..cHh GjEGh

    ,YEG EG kjCG aVEGh .NBH hCG

    e g ,j qdG hCG cG e gh

    hO e CG dP ,zG M{ qpf

    dG G qT e J G

    G fi Lh ,IOLG

    jdG gcCG ,G Y IOLe

    G e bdG Gh jdGh

    j ,GQeEGh bh jOdG HdG

    ,G AT Md - G Q qnb -

    . qnKCJ S G g e Ea

    FQ ,IM Sj jdG Y .O qcCG

    hd hdG QGdG ce

    CGj S cG CG ,HdG G

    H ,jdG dhO dYCG SQ

    L YOh .jQGOEG QeCG e AfG

    SG EG eRCGh QGdH G

    ,KQdG bh b dGh ,H e

    Y kGO q pe ,hdGh gdGh bGh

    .SSCG G g Gg CG

    Y d UN QGM ,VCGh

    QGdG IQGOEG D ddG IQhdG eg

    hdG hO e d CG ,eRCGh

    WG Hh JqUN G

    kSb dh ,gZ Y H J dG

    L :bh .G H Hj kce

    ,G Y IOLe G fi

    G Q qnb G AT M dh . qnKCJ S G g e Ea -

    JGQeEG HdH HYEG IM iHCGh

    M e k qhCG ,eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG

    aVEG ,feEG OLh K ,dG

    dH HYEG Y qY c .QGUEG EG

    IOLe dG IN{ : kFb ,JGQeEG

  • 27

    e ,f e gh ,HhCG kjCG g

    CG e f h ,jRG GffCG

    eCG dCe g CG c .Z j

    qKDJ ch ,SdG QGSGh eCGh

    gh .G dG QGSG Y

    hO qpJ dG ,dG Ve kjCG

    aVEG ,H e M hdG

    edG fh GdG qdG EG

    dG dG AH dCeh jaGdG

    LGJ j q c gh ,G hO

    CG o QeCG gh .G e

    hO L Y SfG d J hCG ,O q pJ

    ,k qe kGeCG f qCG j kW .G

    WG ZCG e g G hO CG gh

    .Y Me dGh ,dG

    UN Wfl g CG hJ CG IMGh g WG CG hCG ?dhO H

    ?G hO d dH

    Hh JqUN N dhO d EG

    dh ,gZ Y H J dG WG

    qH .G H Hj kce kSb

    Y qpKDJ CGh qEG dhO jCG Wfl jC

    G EG ,G S Y .hdG L

    IOjdG fL EG ,jOdG HdG

    ,UN c V qne ,a fdG

    SGe e JJ CG o dG J J

    gh ,fdG adG jJ M ,G

    dG Wfl Y iCe d dH

    ,IOLe WG c .HhCGh QeCGh

    fOCG hH gh ,Wh SS e . G O qpJ T

    GG g e ,WG g M d hdG hO H J dG

    e d hCG ,KGH bdG

    ?JSfGh gWfl

    jM g G hO CG j

    KM dG GQdG cCGh ,dG

    YS EG .dG cG H fc ,a

    J fc hO e G hO q

    EG ,SCGh DdDdG Uh YGQdG Y

    Ia N qn b ,f qe hCG e qe hO

    H aG J hf f .Ib

    e ,HdG hCG HhQhCG hdGh dhO

    hO h ,ddh ,dGh dG Mf

    aJ Y ,FHCG Y OYG G

    gGh eG dGh dG

    Ggh , qdG Gg e GU a .dG

    dhO d kW .f CG k qhCG hf e

    ,IOLG N d c ,JUN

    ,JGP jDhdG kM j Gh

    .d dH VGdG

    IN EG hJ QWEG CG eG ce SCJ GQeEG

    ?WdG

    gcGe jd G hdG L

    e JUN dhO dh ,KG

    cG kW .N d c ,QhdG M

    d keL S qnMG G

    cGG e j dG eG

    dH eh ,hdG hO L

    GQeEG WdG eG ce

    cd Ea dd .IG HdG

    d qndG QhdG , qnMG G

    .G hO L eSh eCG

    e ,GQeEG Hd J g e QGdG IQGOE WdG dGzQhO N

    ?zQGdGh eRCGh

    HdG H oe fCG ,MGH

    K ,dG M e k qhCG ,JGQeEG

    gY QGUEa ,IOLG feEG

    ,JGQeEG dH kjCG oe .OLe

    qe ,gY IOLe dG IN

    EG ,REG M jdh ,QeCd YGhh

    Ggh ,jh ,IdG MdG fL

    g .dG f e gY nM oe

    fCdGh QhdG NoJ jH j

    QWEG OLH f h ,dG EG

    .dG GHh ,iG Gg

    ddG DG da cQJ g e ,cH ,eRCGh QGdG IQGOE

    ?GDG g e ihG

    H ,QGdGh eRCd dH

    g ?Y hDG RG g ne ,Y

    f qpf ,NBG gh ,SQ RL

    eCG .hDe fEG c ,zSSCG{

    dG ,GDG g gH jG

    QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ qpJ

    fCG ,GQeEG dhO zQGdGh eRCGh

    ,dG AfCG L e AGN GSG qj

    .G eh qfi jNBG EG aVEG

    ,H H iDhdG OJ G CGj

    bGdG Y dGh ,OG qdGh

    EG aVEG ,jJ dh ,IOLG

    dG hO id qSG e MCG GSG

    H hJ g ,kW .GNh Q e

    hj G ,KQc hM Y G

    j GP :g gCG d .IYG

    ,H e G AbdG L SL

    bGh ,KQdG bh b dGh

    SSCG G g Gg ,hdGh gdGh

    g e IOSG o .AT c

    jQdGh qdG GGh GDG

    .YdGh adG ie aQh

  • 28

    LGe OG Jh G Vhh HSG YS EG YO

    M CG

    GQeEG JG J g Y je

    :IG HdG

    QGh K qG ie Q qJ g IQhdG g qnG eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG dG e f

    MGdG jdG hH QGdGh

    je ,dG Uf fi IOS YO

    GQeEG JG J g Y

    edG j CG EG ,IG HdG

    kjS ,Ybh M G e

    Nh J OLh Lh EGh ,k qah

    IFGdG CG EG kGe ,e GAGLEGh

    qe SdGh GG dGh J

    .G g e kG qL

    ,H UN QGM dG bh

    QGdG IQGOEG De OfG eg Y

    qnG EG ,ddG JQhO eRCGh

    ie Q qJ g ,IQhdG g

    ,QG ie dch ,K qG

    IY Y DG dT CG kGe

    de C ,aCG g YVe

    Yb IH JJ eRCGh QGdG

    g e ihG CG iCGQh .fl

    h ,G qdG J GDG

    .dG Wh G j

    g dH fQhO EG :VCGh

    Q Vh qnj ,GDG

    kG qpcDe ,j b bSG a

    J zJG J g{ CG

    WdG dG{ e Ic GO

    ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE

    jdG hH ke J dG CGh

    :QGG f j e h .MGdG

    ?Dd J g e ddG Id Qf f ,kW

    dG{ e JGSG jc DG

    eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG

    g DG Gg ojh .zQGdGh

    G fC ,d dH kGL

    c e IOG GgCG qj

    aCH JCjh ,eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG

    .jdH G Gg K qG

    Hh ,Qf f dG Gdh

    .SSCG

    fNCG e GPEGh ,IQhdG d J EG

    aCG J IQhO c CG QYG H

    g qnG AdG Ea ,HS e

    ,K qG ie Q qJ g ,IQhdG

    M bh .QG ie dch

    da fG jGH e dP

    YdG fc M ,dG DG

    jM Gh ,edH e

    YVG c dO Ggh ,QGSH

    .jVd dH HPL MhdGh

    De c dj CG qJ g YVG O qJ CG CG ,kGMGh kYVe

    ?dhJ j dG

    Y DG dT CG YCG

    C ,aCG g YVe IY

    IH JJ eRCGh QGdG de

    ,IO qnfi QeCG g .fl Yb

    b Y K q hCG dG , ke

    qnJ YVe gh ,JG

    dG J iNCGh ,dG H

    YVe gh ,dG QGdGh

    .dP Zh ,gQEG qoj qnJ

    ,YVG j EG ,a T qh

    jG qocJ j fC ,aCG g

    .dG MGe

    J cH o c ?GDG g e e ihG

    qdG J ihG CG YCG

    Wh G j h ,G

    g e EG SG kGL qe .dG

    qnj e GdHh ,dG qne

    hdG EG .dH bh dG GMCH

    kFGO Jh ,N Vd kFGO J

  • 29

    e qnJ - IOdG -dh ,QdH

    Vh e H cCG ,dG GMCG

    Gd .Y qQdG qj eh G

    GDG g e J EG ,dG

    iNCG hO e OSG qj

    .iNCG Qh

    kKGMCG - IOY GDG hJ aCG gCG d J b dh ,bh

    HW GP YVe dhJ d a

    `c be e .bSG hCG Fbh

    Y cQhO g e ,JG d

    ?dG Gg

    ,GDG g dH fQhO EG

    a Qh N Vh qnj

    ka q bh ,j b bSG

    YVe O`d IO qfi N Vh

    fG dM ,G S a .e

    hCG kaGL IU e JG

    b dG ,oG d kahh ,Ic

    ,FHdG QdG f f j

    iNCG SC hCG ,dG hCG UGdG hCG

    j fl M g ,dP Z

    edG ,JG b dN e

    dHh .G hX e qdGh

    QH fQe d ,JG d

    bSG Q kjCG gh ,Ic

    fCG ,dG Q G ,hd

    qCG qfh ,BG M

    OGSG Y j dh ,G

    .hdG ad

    d ,JUN dhO d J ,G hdG ie Y

    JG g H J g g

    ?dhO

    ,NGO J jd f ,cCdH

    qnNG G ac H e jGdG

    YdG H J g kjCGh ,d

    ie EG JCfh .G eG

    hO H e FdG bJG CG ,YCG

    fh .cCG J jd M ,QGG

    iG e HCG NBG ie EG

    hdG e CG ,G hCG ,bEG

    g kjCG dh ,cCG Y J dG

    IFGdG CG f h ,FGOh cCG J

    qe SdGh GG dGh J

    bh M .G g e kG qL

    ,J g j CG j ,G

    CG j ,e GAGLEGh Nh

    .k qah kjS G e edG j

    e WdG d J g e dH c ?HdG bh GMCG

    .jRG GffC

    H d dH fc fCG YCG

    c .kG qL d qa fc dh ,IjL

    GffCG e c d .c J g

    c .M QNG LGe jRG

    fl fL e c hJ g

    qM d , Gh ,G G

    e dG qnJh ,eSG GgCG

    kjCG cG jQdG eh ,ShQdG

    .GdG q pH a ,bGdG H

    IQGOE WdG dG{ e fhJ EG

    ja ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    e H hdG Gg dh ,MGhh

    Wh N Vh e ,dG dEG Uh

    .JG d

    dG{ QhO EG hJ c eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG

    ?zQGdGh

    jh ,Mh ,kG qL qe dG QhO

    dG Gdh ,dhdG YdG c

    iNCG YdG c Y j

    EG hf f .c Hh hdG

    ,eG g e Ac ,H qM

    IQGOE WdG dG{ ee

    dh .zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    ,SCG aa ,dP i qj dG QhO

    dGh hdG Y aG gh

    QGdH G G ac H

    e qH ,dG Gdh .eRCG AKCG

    YdG ac Y LJ N

    ,gZh GQGRdGh dGh iNCG

    f .dG e c H hdG

    fh dG e Ic GO b

    .MGdG jdG hH ke

    eJh GMCG QJ H g dG AGS ,dG ie Y

    ,dG a e hCG fEG U e

    eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG De j

    CG IQhV hJ g ,eY c Ie

    ?kjS YG Gg j

    eY c DG OfG CG YCG

    ,De c CG dP ,fCGh aCG

    e qnd kbh qnJ Q Vj

    dH ,Ff SGQOh Jh

    jdG hdG Hh H cQGh

    Iah ..hdG h QGG hOh

    g Qd ac J d MGdG dG

    j k qjS DG OfG EG .FdG

    AYCG G G qpjh ,kGQ q pe

    .Ic

  • 30

    Ich IFGQ GN N IG HdG GQeEG je I qY Y

    h dG fSG GPEG qEG MdG Y Lf d dG OQGG J

    GDG aCG e gh aGgCG M DG CG iCGQ

    hDdG d IG CG e FQ

    :G e ffG

    :QGG f gh .zdG

    ?DG Gg YCG qJ c c ,aGgCG qnM b DG CG YCG

    bGdG .QG e c OY g

    JM dG GDG aCG e g

    OYh QG M e ,G

    S fCG .G QhGh KG

    fGH YVe qZ DG C

    IQGOE eCG fG a d ,fl

    fG kjCG dh ,eRCGh QGdG

    G H dG Iah ,JeG

    WdG dG{ TCGh .G

    Y zQGdGh eRCGh AiQGdG IQGOE

    OY IYO Y kjCGh ,dG JYO

    fl hO e K qpG e c

    V qdG ,G Gg C ,dG e

    Qhj e aeh ,G gjQd

    IFa cCG j b ,iNCG GdG

    G iG Y VG Tf e

    .a

    IG CG Fc hJ c ,ffEG hDdG d

    GQeEG N dG GG EG

    AiQGdG IQGOE IG HdG

    ?QGdGh eRCGh

    IG HdG GQeEG CG YCG

    I qY Y Ich IFGQ GN N

    ,NGdG iG Y khCG .je

    eRCG IQGOE qnfl g OLh

    dG Gg fCT e ,QGdGh

    , qpG QOGdG OGYEGh G

    GPEG ,OGSd eRdG OQGG aJh

    KQc jCG - G Q qb - M e

    ,hdG iG Y kjCGh .G

    kG qL qe be GQeEG CG YCG

    fh .HdG hdG e Y kG qL

    d GQeEG NGO e jd

    hdG Yfh ,LQG GYG

    L SCH ,ghM h C iNCG

    HSGh KZEG dG Yd J

    .hdG iG Y ffEG

    CG H J dG QhdG g e ?CdG GH IG

    hDdG d ke aG f

    e FQ ,N dN dG YCG

    ffG hDdG d IG CG

    DG CH IOYG Y ,G

    dG ,eRCGh QGdG IQGOE ddG

    jj 17h 16 ej XHG oY

    WdG dG{ e H VG

    b ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE

    GDG aCG e gh aGgCG M

    .G

    QGW{ e JLCG UN QGM iCGQh

    HdG GQeEG dhO CG ,zeRCGh

    Y Ich IFGQ GN N IG

    Y kHe ,kdhOh kNGO ,je I qY

    kG qL qe be GQeEG CH OYG

    .HdG hdG e Y kG qL

    ,dG OGG jJ EG YO PEGh

    ,HdG WdG f e LJh

    H J dG OH dG jd

    G IOLG G SDG

    O qnT ,G of d ,HdG

    Y jOLe f CG{ IQhV Y

    GPEG qEG MdG Y Lf dh ,MdG

    OQGG J h dG fSG

  • 31

    hO ,G e qj ,ffEG

    HCG qe ,G hdG

    KK Y j G Ggh ,X

    QdG g ,hCG QG :Qhfi

    cGdG aK YOh eG

    .ffEG SDG JeG

    GQdG g ,dG QG

    L EG dH c EG ,jQdGh

    e hCG eM Z hCG eM

    QGh .G eY dhO

    dG cGdG bY YO g ,NCG

    J kUNh ,HdG SDG H

    Gh G e IOLG

    .IG CG UN ,hdG fEG

    EG dH bGdG RHCG g e ?c G U Y ,VG Gg

    OLe jT Qb EG TCG fCG

    ,eY H HdG G fY

    aJ M ,jdG b J

    jQdG IOGh dG IOG jd

    edG GQe H d J dG

    eG jd aJ .G Gg

    HSG Ia SqQJ dG qpG

    ,bCG gh q g .AiQGd

    bh eeCGh ,IH aG dh

    BG e CGf CG j .G qL jW

    LJ kjCGh ,dG OGG jJ

    jd ,HdG WdG f e

    SDG H J dG OH dG

    ,HdG G IOLG G

    f CG jh ,G of d

    Y Lf dh ,MdG Y jOLe

    h dG fSG GPEG qEG MdG

    .dG OQGG J

    DG e FdG dG OJh aG f g

    id cGG GG

    e qGh AGG

    dG hO L

    De OfG gCG Y OT

    eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG

    LddG IQGOEG je

    zdG{ JGh

    J dGR eh Y dG GMCG

    .dG hO e jdH

    gCG j DG CG EG QTCGh

    id jGG gG e ,aVEG

    LGe dC - Y H - SdG

    ie Y QGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    FdG dG c a dd ,dG

    ,aG f g DG Y e

    AGG H cGG GG OJh

    IQGOEG dG hO L e Gh

    .QGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    je ,SG fi L .O iCGQ

    G zJGh LddG IQGOEG{

    IQGOE WdG dG{ SdG

    IQhdG CG ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG

    ,eRCGh QGdG IQGOEG D ddG

    bh oJ fc e gCG J

    QGdG e jdG dG j M

    .FQdG Gh eRCGh

    da eg Y jJ ,QTCGh

    QGdG IQGOEG D ddG IQhdG

    dG hO e jdG EG EG ,eRCGh

    e S VG edG N T

    fVah RR e ,dG QGdG

    J QGc dch ,GQfGh cGHh

    .jhdG YH

    GQeEG dhO CG G j :VCGh

    jQe Ve IG HdG

    aG f Ea ddh ,dG jhdG

    QGdG IQGOEG ed kGL qe

    e dG OLh Y gf ,QGdGh

  • 32

    ...

  • 33

    dG GdG j M fc GPEGh

    AGG f Lh e - qJ ,2003

    Y f j jQdG M hCG -

    ,jdG GdG Y ITe AGdG

    HdG{ EG S jQdG Ea

    Te qM qH hCG QYH ,zHdG

    jG HJ M ,jQdG GQd

    LMG dG ALQCG fl

    Sh IgdH zjdG Ge{

    .H HdG G dG

    WdG eYEG AGOCG NG bh

    NH AGS ,zHdG HdG{ e

    UN CG SQ) eYEG SdG

    NH hCG ,( qnLe CG dhO CG

    hdG e c FdG jG

    g f V bh dG HdG

    GG NH kjCGh ,GMCG

    Wh ,hdGh bEG SdG

    G Y IQOdG bGG

    GMCG dhdGh bEG

    fCG fc GPEGh .J hCG dhdG g

    zHdG HdG{ hO H SdG

    LMG V S b

    SdG HdG YEG Ea ,dG

    IQN kjCG qnJ b hdG g

    QfH bU QfGh ,jRGe

    EG dG H ,d HdG fCG

    ,hdG g SdG YEG FSh

    ITG d kdZ kK aO b

    X M ,IQGOEGh kj ,ed

    J N SdG eYEG AGOCG

    bd kGba , k qpge GdG

    Y QOb Z ,aGMGh Gh

    J H UG YEG Ije

    dhdG eYEG GdG hCG ,hdG

    zIG{ h zIjG{ h zS H H{ e

    AGVCG N dG ,z24 fGazh

    qh Qd RfG N e

    hfi Y jdGh ,dG

    J ` qd e ,TG dG e e

    GdG g Y VCGh , qG

    bdGh dG e jGh jG

    Y .gQL Y YEGh

    bUh K zeRCG{ kjCG GMCG g

    HdG YEG FSh fJ ,Y

    e eRCG g qnh ,eG

    jb LMG de OLh N

    ,JGOb Jh zYEG J{ f

    H GQdG YCG

    g e hdG dh ,HdG hdG

    ,ILG GgCG qj dG

    SdG eYEG AGOCG HJ M

    kWf c dG fCG S Y

    e qdG j h ,SH

    YJ dG G dG P

    AGOCG GHh ,e OY W c

    H ke kLQCe kgH kjCG

    WdG TdG VG Q e

    j H ,FQW GMCG qjCG e

    e qJ hH QG bEG

    .gPh SdG Yb

    ..

    hO UG HdG YEG h

    zdM{ - QhH zHdG HdG{ a d ,SGQdGh dG J

    AH - BG M - a fd

    YEG LP H ,H UN P

    kjCG dh ,hdG YEGh eG

    .

    .

  • 34

    e GbG qM EG pJj fC

    ,HdG hdG YEG ae

    .IQGOEG hCG G M e AGS

    ,zG Z{ eY dP EG VCG

    dh HdG UG YEG CG H

    ,eG YEG MQ e dZ

    j e Y FdG EG PEG

    ,SQ YEG SQGe EG ZCG

    rSCG zL{ NGH jh

    dG ,UG YEG P qJ

    g ke Ije Ia Y b

    H dG M ,dG Fb

    eYEG Lj Mh ,IQGOEGh G

    aGjh dSH eDj

    LJ Mh ,Y Ujh ,Y

    V Y IQOb J

    b IYGeh gGdG e e OhM

    UG YEG c d .G

    eCG M zHdG HdG{ hO c M ,fCG J e kGAL -

    QfG hO j ,zJ{ kGQhO j

    YLG dG H VhCG

    qHEG J Y ch ,jObGh

    aGG QhO d M ,GMCG IhQP

    ,dG V fCG J Y SdG

    YLh YCG Ld J H

    dh ,fCH JQG de

    zVQG{ K iJQGh

    bU e dG a , kT

    H fG CG d e K ,jgh

    IjG VhCG qJ EG GQdG

    HdG fCd kLeh z qe{

    qHEG bGd ke Ije SGH

    fCG LQCJ M ,zdG YS{

    YEG EG H ,dGh OdG H

    fN EG IjT HGH fG UG

    GdG GY dGJh ,zjdG{

    Y IAhG dGh jdG

    .HdG HbdG fCG QfG

    .. jdG zIjG Ib{ d bh

    HdG{ GMCG RHCG eYEG QhdG

    H GMCG g SG PEG ,zHdG

    ,jgG fe IOSG qL

    GY QX Y kf LGJ dG

    T dG ,UG jdG GdG

    zIjG{ fc Me

    eG fCG eh ,S e

    kf keg UG GdG d

    IQhG Y IQdGh cG e

    e dG d ,eYEG

    G c qM dG ,zIjG{ eb

    e HdG YEG e IcGdG

    jdG dhdG eh ,gQX

    JbY AcH qXh zYf Ib{

    bEG jdG Y ,hdG e

    VG zIjG{ fc H ,hdGh

    H L IY eRCG FdG

    ,HdG UGdG e jdGh MhdG

    IgdG G H H e c

    .gZh AUh fJh

    d b zIjG{ fc GPEGh

    ,fJ j e EG dG fG

    dG eYEG dG QGL bNGh

    H jHdG jR FdG f Va

    H jdG HCG b fEa ,Y

    ,jG jOG j TG

    G QdG j SCG c

    e edG dG Q fh

    qnSh ,eh fJ H eCG Gb

    bQdG G H Y AdG

    oY e UN ,zjj 25 IQK{

    fc dG ,zG ce{ `H keYEG

    .HdG dG jf zjQS{ d

  • 35

    ,dG JGP QhdG zIjG{ d K

    ITG dG UGJ M

    kV gQhH RaCG dG ,Gh

    N e ,dG dG Y kFg

    jgG h kLQN LGMEG

    .NGO QGSd

    ..

    j e hCG ,jG YEG d bh

    ,kjCG ,YLG UGdG H

    LQd ,GMCG J kGRQH kGQhO

    hdG H JT dG GQdG CG

    dG GQK{ `H fMCG oJ HdG

    EG - bG Gg d M ,zH

    ,H j kGQhO - zjJ{ fL

    Yb H UGJ T AH

    HdG dG e VZ jY

    M SCGh ,We fl

    bh ,kja UGJh dG ADg

    IdG QJ SdG G J

    ,YG d G jKCdG

    .bGdG VQCG Y Ya OhMh

    LM c e g ,YLG YEa

    FSQ fc c ,fJ dG

    ge eh ,zH a{ h zjJ{

    QNCd SSCG QG ,zJj{

    dG X ,IRQH Y fi

    Zh LQG YEG Y dG

    kGc j Vh gh ,UG GdG

    NG Qh .jQS gGdG VdG

    OY jj M ,dG kf eCG

    YLG UGdG bGe ee

    Gdh ,e dCG 300 Y

    SCG b SdG g CH dG

    GH jgG M b H

    .dG

    .. HdG{ Ia YEG Q qnahh

    :FGh ShQdG e jdG zHdG

    CG f LM g CG ,dhCG

    G H dG Y Fb eYEG

    G e mY mQb aJh ,IQGOEGh

    H ,eYEd aGMGh

    jCG qG YEG bU AH

    bGNG jCG V h ,dhO

    aJh ,eRCG qHEG LQN eYEG

    dY bU GP UGJ Gb

    ,dG eCG .G QG e

    P bGc jG YEG e WdG

    jY jT id b KCJ

    CH dG jh ,HdG G

    zH a{ be ee OY

    e j e EG Uh HdG dG

    ZCG T e e 32

    FH 50 Qb ,VG

    dch Jf kW ,dG jGH e

    a IQhV ,ddG eCGh .zRjhQ{

    ah CGQ GOb OU eCG G

    ,jdG YEG FSh IjL

    CH UG IgdG e IOSd

    QhO j j dG YEG

    ,jG YEG zdG fU{

    a{ jKDG e CG

    YEG e g zjJ{ h zH

    hCG dG AGS ,SSCH dG

    .jdG GdG

    e jJ ,HGdG eCGh

    SdG jdG aJ Y IQOb e

    dG{ Md AGQh ANd G

    f GMEG oj ,zOQH

    bGh cCG GQJ AHh ,

    .dG jT id

  • 36

    : ..

    :

    ..

  • 37

    Gg ..N zd{ eCG d

    QdG CH dhCG dG XCG

    NGO d I qe Mhe Y

    Ae The d HJ jhM

    jdG qncCG e Gg .HO Y L

    .HO WT Fb , N MV

    ,(3-1 AK) `dG Mhe b a ?AG acG Y YoCG dG

    kGN ,fl eYEG FSh bJ

    ,HO Y L Ae IQGOEG CG Oe

    Mhe IFW jJ dhfi MCG

    fEG b ,T NGO zHcg{

    UY qT CG H ,The T

    ,dG jfi QG IQGOEG e

    OLh Gd ,J EG aO e

    .dG jOdG MCG Mhe

    CG Ghd ,bH H Gebh

    RGW e Hcg IFW g

    jOdG MCG J ,(3-1 AK).dG d IO qpGh dG

    !! EG IQcG YEG FSh QTG PEGh

    kM qoj jdG dhfi MEG{ CG

    Y HYCG ,zY L Ae IQGOE kGc

    hCG qJ dG ,dG g CH gOYG

    qpJ ,GQeEG dhO NGO Yf e

    GFdG ja{ ..WEG Y NCG

    .zdhdG dCe Z kGjL kGeCG qj

    SG qY FSdG g fh

    dG ,IFdG J CG zG QOG{

    eGSG o{ ,d J

    bh e GPEG ,INh IjY VGZC

    UTCG hCG dhO HY jCG

    HgQEc ,H qflh jN

    .zgZh SCGh GQG Qh

    ca ,gOS FSdG g VSGh

    oj{ GFdG e dG Gg CG

    ,OhG H GQG jJ aH

    H OhG Y eGSG j M

    gh .Gch ceCG IG jdG

    176 EG IOdG gS j GFdG

    GQG Q jh ,ceCG QhO dCG

    eGS ,G GH FGH

    HcdG J EG M .JY

    GSG Y H Y LJ j CG

    hCG GQG jd zhc Q{

    .zjJh HgQEG VGZC eGSG

    EG jU IQTEG jCG hO ,aVCGh

    dG eb ,Gc h{ :gQOe

    GFdG e dG Gg bG g

    Ic SCG a eY I

    H Geb K eh ,eGSG

    WqQJ cG H ,Y G

    CG cPh .zGQG jJ aH

    QJ Se qM qnH nH qpe{

    QZ b H AG qL ,GQhdG j

    Z jH GjEG EG GFdG g

    IFdG g H j kjCGh .Yhe

    M ,fjJ AGOdG dG

    GFdG J T GSG j

    .zhc dG GSG Y g

    jdG VhCG ,Hf QeCd kVhh

    Ae Y eb dG dG CG

    NGO Ia e IOLe fc Y L

    eh ,eS MCG qnj h ,AG

    ,FH G ffdG IdG Y

    QeCG g e fCG EG dG ka

    dG jfi H G G Q qpJ

    QG LQ b dd ,OGG

    Gha ,dG d kG H

    V jOdG MCG NGO IFdG Y

    .IdG jhG iMEG Jjfi

    OLh AGQh j CG HO WT Fb fh

    kHe ,T jCG ,Y QG IFdG

    J b GFdG g e CH OYG Y

    g C ,cdG hCG OGaCG MC HJ

    GFdG e GfCG g j e

    dG CG qncCGh .T VGZC

    dG UCG EG Ud mQL eCG

    L LC qn dG VdG aeh

    .IQcG dG NGO IFdG J

    d dG jG VhCG ,fL e

    fi MCG QG AdG IQGOEG

    oJ MhG g CG ,e

    jfCG GdG IGg b e IOY

  • 38

    30

    .

    .

    .

    :

    .

    .

    j M ,IY hO IG GdG

    qnNe qnfl ceCG H dG

    bEG GQG Y IHh ,d

    .d iS J h ,dhdGh

    MhG YSh Mh Rh CG EG QTCGh

    kGQGVCG J CG ,Y c dG

    M a LGJ dG H IN

    hCG WS EG ODj OM C VJ

    e CG kGe ,U H eGUG

    VGZC eGSG feEG Y OOJ

    mQYh a de eCG eGLEG hCG HgQEG

    GFdG g e c ,dG e

    M ,jW a J CG

    c ,kGL Ohfi GdG gGe EG

    o H O qnhJ dG ObdG c CG

    Ib eR Gd dG e iS

    .IOhfi YS c Y ka ,kGL

    eYEG H ,HO QL cCG ,dP EG

    QG e Y dG dG CG ,d

    NGH ,Y L J ce

    e oJ ,G IU Mhe Y

    VGZCG J dG GFdG

    YJQG Y dG ,adG

    jCH h ,kG qL e

    ,IN YCG eGSG o Ge

    .AfCG H dhGJ c eGLEG hCG

    k qS HO QL { :e bh

    jdG MEG GREG e kaM

    Y OG jdG Y e

    dG jhG EG dG SCGh ,Ieh

    e gf NGH MhG c qn

    H TCG c jdG Y NCG

    jOhfi EG dH ,YEG FSh

    QGVCG hCG IFdG g GSG IASEG

    gf dh ,H qnJ CG o dG

    UN ,jOYG QG V e

    L SG j dG CGh

    .zH UG cG GAGLEG

    e Y jM HO QL CG HJh

    Y FH jCG jJ hCG NO

    e CG kGcqpDe ,dfl hCG Ieh

    feEGh GQdH j HO QL

    ,jJ Y jCG c e qp dG

    ,H qpG H j CG j hCG

    , qnG G CG EG dG ka

    He a J o

    jCG Y YEG Sh ,VG Gg

    e dG AfG H aVEG ee

    .dG H bdG GP GWCG ac

    AK) : 1-3)

    ,qnG{ kah) eG Jh

    YadG hDdG qpG jdG

    AK) MhG CG EG (JGSGh hZ H{ cT VY dG (3-1

    hdG HO Ve zfTffCG

    cT fEG e ,2009 dG Gd

    gh ,fGchCG zDB Aerocopter{ ,ee H qnJh KGM cCG

    U qn bh .hdG GSH Jh

    bh ,IOG dY OGe e FGLCG

    e Y f o H n qp oU

    IO qnhe gh .IU IQS g q IQe

    N qna o fG KK Mh

    Jh ,T SGH FbO Y

    ..YdG c 180 idG YS

    e gZ Y z3-1c jEG{ qnJh

    ,a (jOedG) MhG GFdG

    dH BG GSH qn J CH

    SCG e kH SG gjj , qodG

    e IFW dH hd ,dG

    Se fc Y ka ,dG Sh

    eCGh YGQdGh ,adGh dG Md

    .FXdG e dP Zh G jdGh

    650 FdG MhG Rh j

    Rhj a g Rh eCG ,eGZc

    zhQHS{ Jh .eGZc 350

    .S S 2457h GQS 4 H HdG

    QeCG 6,84 FdG g W jh

  • 39

    Jh d J gh ,a

    N{ ) .fG VGZCd

    .(2009/11/15 fhdEG zGdG SDG ,JdGO dQJ bh

    H Y dG FdGh fCG YCG fTffEG hZ fCG G Gg AGG e jdGh

    (3-1 c jEG) gJ IFW LJ

    .(2009/11/14 OG) .a g J jQJ Ea ,f d kahh

    dG IdG EG Oj fGchCG IFdG

    W PEG ,JadG dG QfG YCG

    G GFdG qpe e eG

    ,jObGh N jOeY IFW QHG

    SMh G GdG OSEG qne

    G eG rSH j h ,OhG

    e GRGdG g e OGSG M

    .dG OQGG qd kGf ,ShQ hCG GdH

    zHchjCG{ cT CG G Jh

    d H e qnJ fGchCG

    Rah ,cdG GY V e IFdG

    .M dG IFW NCG AH H

    cG dG CG jdGh

    H fG GQ qb IFdG g J

    Lh N kGf ,dG e TCG

    kdY eCG Hh .dGh dG dG

    dQJ QGR eY ,2005 dG M

    H{ cT jeh SDe ,JdGO

    jRJ M dG zfTffG

    dGh jaEG Th ceCG IFdG

    .c HchjCG cT e ,ShCG

    d dG MCH SG gh

    IFdG e VhG PdG f qe

    Y e d j dG jOedG

    dG cdG cG PG ,edG e

    Y qnhCG PdG HH ,2001

    eS d ,Ib j GW

    AK){ SG Y WCG dG dG jJ AGLEG Hh .zSanka (3-1 IFdG f G e UCG Ic

    GT ah IQS IQe SGH

    .cJ IOYEGh FbO 10 N MhG

    zjObG jDhdG{ U fch

    ,JGQeEG zOG{ h fhdEG

    dG jJ /af 14 JcP b

    hL H Y CG ,2009 kGe HO e J dG ,fTffEG e %100 Y kGNDe PSG b ,d

    ,fGchCG HchjCG H O cT Jh J qpGh

    3-1 c jEG jOedG GFdG ,H Y CG qEG .(3-1 AK) dhO EG dG e d J

    Z ,IG HdG GQeEG

    dG HGhdG J dG UdG

    .jaCG Th ShCG dH cdG

    Y a ,aCG H Jh W EG ,GdH G H

    e H J kGf ,MhG g

    ,e Jh FXdG jOJ

    fch ,fU ee b Y ka

    H Sh .dG kLGhQ J ,dG cG Y cdG SCG d

    e ,2010 dG e T/jGa e

    .SdG cdG GgCG LCG

    O je ,JdH QjEG bh :SH H HchjCG H Y H Y PGSG EG{ Ga ,H qne IN qj cT

    d Sh ShCG kbaBG d S eCG

    Y gf ,IjL jM GSCG NO

    c jEG IOL ie d S fCG dG VEG jdG Sh .3-1 H O `d H Y eS Jh jJ H HchjCG J dG IjG Mh INCG

    H cT qSCJ bh .UTCG 5-4`d ,2007 dG fTffEG hZ qpSCJ a ,d kGe HO e Jh

    .1999 dG HchjCG H O

  • ..

    ..

  • 42

    eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ IQOe EG T Gg d ,IG HdG GQeEG dhO zQGdGh

    fG GH jYh egG Y qJ ,LdG DG

    dhO d ,J jG aJ Gh G

    ,G hO L EGh a IG HdG GQeEG

    AdG G G Gg QHC SG g fCG CG qOhCGh

    gG Gg J EG kYGO ,G Gg dG J dG

    .J SJh

    .

    . . ..

    .

    . :

    WG AQO hJ dG ,bEGh dhdG GDG EG ,H gGh J e qHh ,kGL qe ,QGdGh eRCGh

    edG GQb e qpSJh ,YdG IOjR Y YJ fCG M

    jh ,dGh QG e dG JGN EG Jh ,G Gg

    Hh J Y U CG hdG hO qnG d

    G fl qGh AGG aCG dEG YJ CGh ,QhO

    AGQBG fl SQJh qL H KJ CGh ,WGh QGdH G

    .e IOSd SG dBG Jh ,MW j dG MGh

  • 43

    ,IjY hdG hO OJ dG edG WG Z e Sh J G ha ,dH j ZCGh

    dH G e J N LGf f dd ,RdGh dH

    G e hCG ,HdG G EG NJ dG bdG e AGS

    .jdG dG

    hO qLJ qX jhdG YTEG HdG N g kjCG

    CG c ,dG VGZCd jhdG bdG GSG EG G

    SdGh ,fGdG dGh ,QG ObG dG cM

    hCG FQW M bh feEG JJ YdG WG AfEG

    EG aVEG ,Gh GhQCH Ic FN Y J QGc

    dG e e JQG Y J b dG dG QGdG

    WG g c ..JdG jdG hCG IjdG QeCG hCG

    b dG gQKBG e dGh LG JGSEG N EG

    dG Y dG Yh Gh fEG Y I qee J

    .G G hdGh

    ``` o ``````G h```d ````edG e```````dG EG ,```bGdG QGdG fl LGe Y JGQb jJ N e

    GgCG MCG g VG Ggh ,eRCGh QGdGh dG

    , EG edG feCG J dG FdG JGSEG

    .jQGh Gh eGdG e jdG Y

    dG V gG G hO Y CG YCGh

    ,eG OJh eRCG IQGOEG ILCG H G

    ac HJh UJ ce N Y Z AfEG dP

    hCG G eRCG M MGh UdG Jh ,WG

    .bSG Fbh SS QWEG G

    IOjRh G hO G adG ILCG jJ CG c

    G dGh hdG IOjRh FGOCG YSh JAc

  • 44

    .H gG e qH e eCG ,H e

    jH kdH kegG J CG G hO Y j c

    eGH jJh ,dhdGh HdG KZEG e e hdG

    .G dG dSCG jJh ,YdG

    M IQGOE HdG G hd hdG ce G hO OL Yd e M he ,QGdG

    QGdG M LG JGQb jJh edG edG

    I qnG G M j gh ,jdGh dG QGdGh

    b e cd SSCG dG QGbEG qn CG H VdG Gd

    FQ Tj Sh ,VG jO T QGRdG G

    Y kGc qpf fh ,kjb jQGOEG JdhDe qJ cG

    .G Gg G G dG cG Gg

    dhDG cCG dG jdG dhO S cG e OG c Hh ,d YdG TCG c J Y UM a

    ee jOCJ j d HG dG J LCG e

    Sj H jdG Y QcdG J qn bh .Lh cCG Y

    Gg jW IN h Iqe IAc gh ,d kFQ IM

    dH cG YCG IQGOEG dGh adG d qnfh ,G

    .dEG f dG iGh

    hO OL J kjQfi kGQhO cG j S hCG NGdG dG Y AGS QGdG IQGOEG G

    bEG qnG dGh G e hdG U Y

    .dhdGh e

  • 45

    dG QGdG M ac e edG cG j Sh

    dGh ,dG IGh edG G hCG fEG IM O qpJ

    G OGYEG H e jQhdGh jG G e jdH

    GfCG fl IQGOEGh LG eRdG JGSEGh eGdGh

    dG Zh dG WG Jh jh ,QGdG

    G GbGh ,AYCG hdG e dH ,G hH

    .gQKBG e dGh e qd SG

    GAGLEGh SdG Vh Y khDe cG S c

    qndOCG OGYEGh ,G hO H KZEG YCG d eRdG

    gGh ,QGdG M IQGOEG N Vh d jOTSG

    Jh ,QGdG M IQGOEG Yheh eGHh N Vh

    .YdG TCG e gZh jOTSG eGh dG YdG

    UGG MJh ,fH YGb OGYEG cG S ,dc

    hdG Jh ,QGdG Y Id eRdG Gd dG

    H G YdG fh ,dhdGh bEG G e

    .jdG QOGd jQJh gCJ eGH Vhh ,WGG

    Gg eh M QhH S cG EG dG UNh

    .fG

    CG H ,hdG hO fL e cG j S d eRdG jjdG fGG cG IQGOEG j

    .gQGbE QGRdG G EG aJh

    jG YCG Yh AqH hJ bY S bdG Gg qpG dhdG a ,G fl h

    jHh ah Y feEGh SGh GN G

    UdG UNh ,e f CG qEG f ee

    eh ,jhdG bd dhdG dcdG e KZEGh jbdGh

    e gZh ,KZEd IG CG eh ,dG dG

    .G Gg qpG dGh G

  • 46

    40

    .

    .

    . . .

    . ..

    / 2010

    .

    ``````dG ``jG

    QcdGh ,zQGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ `d

    :

  • 47

    41

    .

    :

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    CERT .

    .

    .

    850

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    :

    36

    .

  • 48

    42

    .

    .

    36

    :

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    :

    .

    :

  • 49

    43

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    / 24

    2010

    . -

    .

    .

    ..

    .

    ..

    .

    .

    .

    dG fVdG He KZE ,zfS{ Y z qGh

    z``JJ{h z`dG{

    ,

  • 50

    44

    .

    . -

    .

    .

    .

    .

    dG QhdG gCH jdG j g

    qd ,G hCG dG NCj

    Jh ,dG G QfG e

    .Lh EG jOGh jdG FG d dG gj dG dG I qnOa

    G aCG OhOQ c KCJ

    b dG dG e jdG gh .H

    eRCG e edGh OGYEG YJ

    G e a h ,AcH

    qnLj dG g H .c dhdGh

    d ,eRCG hM b dEG dG

    jdhCG jh dG QhO e

    .eRdG GGh eG ASGh

    qdG Y AG YJ fCG c

    .H Gh T Y H

    ,eRCG e ed dG gCG eh

    :j e ,e dG UNh

    Y IQdH j GdG cG (1

    jQdG K eh ,eRCG e edG

    AhH GG e edG Y

    .dG h ` qjhQh

    GDGh dG TQh cQG (2

    dG c ,Y qdG dGh

    JM i qpJ CG ,hXh bG IG qJ V qpJ b

    dG Y Y KCJ d j b hdG g .FGO hCG bDe IQH

    J ,dG NG ch .Jhe LQH -dG hCG fdG AGS eRCG hdG g J eY dh ,IG eRCG g qf b dG hdG

    G b e e edG j ,e qJ b ,G e cCG hCG d

    J dG QeCG cCG e ,dG AiQGdGh eRCG oJh . qnG

    .e ed qpG dGh G OGYEG j Gd ,G id G

  • 51

    dGh ,dG q kjCG qpdG eh .eRCG e ed eRdG IGh

    IaG FGdG cGh ,IG ddG Y ASG Y GdG jQd

    aSEG GQhO Y G e ,IaH Hh MG dGh

    .Jqe NH FGG e edG GQhOh ,eGh ,Fd dhCG

    Z eY aJ jd ,G ac AGG EG SGh dG (3

    KCJ e d ,jdG RGdGh WdG fGG Y cdG e ,Y qeh

    .AG GQGb Y

    eh , qG G LGe N e ,eRCG OLH G Qe e qcCdG (4

    .YTEG fCG e qcCdG M ,G QfG e qGh cQG Y K

    aG Y dGh edG G dG j ,G U M (5

    e a G a ,dG G Y NG d M ,Y

    dG EG dGh ,hdG fc e ,dG Y IdG c .OdG

    .j qLh fH

    G e IG FdGh dH G GdGh edG dG (6

    cQGh ,kjCG H GdG Y jNBG qMh ,hdG g qX ,G

    .IYG J hCG G RE Yq LM OLh M YdG

    ,jdhCc ,eRCH kGKCJ cCG dG hCG ,WCGh AdGh dG Qc Vh (7

    .d SCH Jh jYQ Y dGh

    Y dGh , qG G EG ,LdG Jh dGh IOdG J (8

    .dG J b dAehCG J hO H GdG

    qd , qG dG HEGh ,Mh H dG dG QhOQ e edG (9

    .dG hCG G IQKEG e

    M ,Gh SSCG FGdG OGG e edG jdG UG (10

    ,e fhDG VfG MG

    gh .a d AG SGh

    d fG IQhH jdG j

    o dG ,fEG LM Mh

    g{ `d aG dG e gDhSG

    a .ffEG Ld zSdRe

    OY ,Y H ,QJ LG

    :g ,jG e

    LdjdG LG .1

    eCG LM .2

    YLG LG .3

    jd LG .4

    GdG d LG .5

    LM jCG TEG AG j h

    LG TEG hO ,(ie hCG)

    AG LM qnJ bh .fhO dG

    ,zSdRe g{ kWg hCG kGOU

    .G hdGh dG M

    VGeCH HG Y j (11

    GhLoh M JG hCG ,j oe dPh ,G Y - G S

    eh ,VGeCG QfG e qd

    .G YdGh G T

    ,dG hCG eRCG AfG Y (12

    ,dGh CGdG AGHEG cQG

    Y Id LdG G M

    MG GGh ,VdG

    bCH Y IdG hCG ,eRCG QGJ

    .jOGh jdG FG e f

    QHG

    cG M

    FG J

    GdG dLG

    jd LG

    YLG LG

    eCG LM

    LdjdG

    GREG ,dG ,GdG jJ

    jNBG e GMG ,jNBG GMG

    G dCG ,jSCG bdG ,bGdG

    ,OQGG eCG ,XdG eCG ,jG edG

    G eCG ,dGh SCG eCG

    GNEG ,RGdG ,G ,dG ,AG ,dG ,dGLG

    .

  • 46

  • 5347

    . :

    .

    .

    . :

    .

    .

    :

    .

    .

    .

    :

    1-

    2-

    3-

    .

    .

    .

    665

    .

    .

    .

    22

    1989 ( )

    632/44

    ) (

    1990

    .1999

    ) 21

    .2009 ( ) 2011 :

    .

    46

    47

    . :

    .

    .

    . :

    .

    .

    :

    .

    .

    .

    :

    1-

    2-

    3-

    .

    .

    .

    665

    .

    .

    .

    22

    1989 ( )

    632/44

    ) (

    1990

    .1999

    ) 21

    .2009 ( ) 2011 :

    .

    47

    . :

    .

    .

    . :

    .

    .

    :

    .

    .

    .

    :

    1-

    2-

    3-

    .

    .

    .

    665

    .

    .

    .

    22

    1989 ( )

    632/44

    ) (

    1990

    .1999

    ) 21

    .2009 ( ) 2011 :

    .

    OQe g dGh WCG gOj dG

  • 5448

    200/64 13 / 10 ( 2009

    .

    .

    . .

    !

    600

    21

    .

    2600

    .

    600

    :

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    48

    200/64 13 / 10 ( 2009

    .

    .

    . .

    !

    600

    21

    .

    2600

    .

    600

    :

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    48

    200/64 13 / 10 ( 2009

    .

    .

    . .

    !

    600

    21

    .

    2600

    .

    600

    :

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    48

    200/64 13 / 10 ( 2009

    .

    .

    . .

    !

    600

    21

    .

    2600

    .

    600

    :

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    48

    200/64 13 / 10 ( 2009

    .

    .

    . .

    !

    600

    21

    .

    2600

    .

    600

    :

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    48

    200/64 13 / 10 ( 2009

    .

    .

    . .

    !

    600

    21

    .

    2600

    .

    600

    :

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    48

    200/64 13 / 10 ( 2009

    .

    .

    . .

    !

    600

    21

    .

    2600

    .

    600

    :

    . .

    .

    .

    .

    .

    .

  • 5549

    .

    .

    ...

    .

    .

    .

    Y je ,``````````edG ``````````N fi IO````````````````````S H

    `````M `````jRh ,hQ`````M ``````````jdG c ``````````de e zdG{

    GG O`````J ``````````c ,`````HQPCG `````jQH QGdG

    ````````jJh ,QG```````````````dGh ``````````eRCGh QG```````````````dG `````

    .QG```````dG ``````````````` ````edG WdG A``````````dG jQJh

    oY dG AdG N ,FGdG jRd ````````edG fh

    ,``````````dhdG id QPCG `````dG ```feb ``jEG IOS QM

    ```````eCG Qe ,f BG jGR H Gg dG S ````

    ```````jNCG bdH kGe ,zdG{ IQGOEG FQ WdG

    .``````G ac HQPCG jQH GQeEG dhO HJ dG

    ``````H ``````MJ Y hQM jRdG YCG ,fL e

    ,QGdG `````````UN ,adG H h```````dG ``````

    QGdG M e edG O``````````H INh ```````H `````````fh

    IO``````S EG I```````YdG qnbh ,``dhdG ````dhDG EG

    IQGRh ```eGH Y q`````dGh ``HQPCG IQ````jd `````dG jG

    ,QG```dG ```M ```````````````e ````edG ``````Nh QG`````dG

    .````````M ````gYe O```oj CG Y ````````edG ````````````````b bh

    ...

    49

    .

    .

    ...

    .

    .

    .

    49

    .

    .

    ...

    .

    .

    .

    49

    .

    .

    ...

    .

    .

    .

  • 5650

    ...

    .

    .

    .

    2007

    .

    .

    ... :

    .

    :

    .

    .

    .

    2007

    .

    .

  • 57 50

    ...

    .

    .

    .

    2007

    .

    .

    ... :

    .

    :

    .

    .

    .

    2007

    .

    .

    zjhdG edGh eCG g{ e ah QGR ,dP EG

    QGdG IQGOE WdG dG{ e ,HG jQdG

    G Y qdG qn M ,zQGdGh eRCGh

    .QGdG M e edG J dG eGdGh

    LddG IQGOEG je ,SG fi L QcdG bh

    ,JUNGh zdG{ W Y kGLe kVY ,JGh

    AKCGh b G eeh ,Y qpj dG dG dGh

    jJ H ,G SDG e dG dBGh ,eRCG Hh

    Vhh ,eRCGh QGdG M LGeh IQGOEG dhdG feEG

    G dGh OGSGh ,d qdG JGSEG G

    .````dhdG eh Gh GhQCG Y aG LCG e

    ,Ffh IQjd MJQG Y QdG adG YCG ,L e

    ````````Nh eGH Y FdG e e CG kGe

    ac e OGSG gC G iDhdG qpcDj ,QGdG

    jQdG ebEGh Nh eGH Vhh ,eRCG b fGL

    .QGdG M e edG G Jh ,cG

    IQGOEG{ e ````dhDe qnV ,zdG{ e ````ah ````````ch

    IQ````````````````````jH kG qNDe ````````````````b b ,zOGSGh ````dG

    e````dG eGH Y ````dN qnJ ,hD````S EG ````K

    ,QGdG ```````M jQdG SDG J dG ````jbdGh

    ```````````` oLhCG d QdG fG e IYO Y AH dPh

    HdG Y ````````WGh ,G````G OJh h````````````````````````dG

    AdGh ,QG````````dGh eRCGh QGdG jQdG

    QGdG IQGOEH Gh qG jQdG dhD````````````H

    .dG GP G G IQjRh ,jhdG eRCGh

    H G hdG bY eJ AV IQ````````````````jdG JCG bh

    J ````````````````````eh ,HG jQch IG HdG GQeEG dhO

    .````````````````````G ac ch jS QJ e ````````````bdG g

    ......................................................................................................................: SG

    ................................................................................................: SDG/G

    ....................................................................................................................:GdG

    ............................................. :jdG edG .......................................:.U

    ....................................................................................................................: dhdG

    ....................................................................................................................: JdG

    dG GdG EG dSQEGh YCG fdG J Loj

    QGdGh eRCGh QGdG IQGOE WdG dG

    IG HdG GQeEG dhO - XHCG

    +97124177088 : ca

    113811 : U

    [email protected] : hdEG jdG

    e jbdG M LdGh OTQEGh YdG H oJ

    ,JQGOEGh e edG ch QGdGh eRCG

    Y kXM ,Y dG WG J gj

    .Gh Gh GhQCG

    ..

  • 58

    bdG GSG J ,eRCd ic HSG Yj M{ g ,KQdG

    dh .(1)

    zIMGh SDe hCG dch f i qj OQGGh eG OQGGh

    Le EG ,kdM .fEG U e hCG W fc AGS ,kKQGc jdG LGh

    ,a Mh gKCJ OGTG U Y d ,dG M bJ QGdG

    e c OY IQN EG qnOCGh ,dG MdG e J cCG UCG fEG H

    Ie J e kdZh ,J qnTh KhM kGjGJ QGdG J ,dH .GhQCG

    UNh) dG dG OY jGJ e .Jbf H d qdG jh

    O qpj dG QGdG N bj , qdG f JQGh ,(edG GdG

    SdG CG jG gG oJh .MdG WG G dG

    eG QOH ,g e .Gh dG QGd cCa cCG V qne

    ,SdG jMh ,QGdG g KCG e qd qne GN PJG EG dG M

    aGh ,VGeCG e jbdGh ,dG HUEG Jh ,GhQCG PfEGh

    fdG Y aGh ,jObG FG Jh ,dGh G Y

    .dhdG S Yh edG dG Y aj e ,WdG eCGh dGh

    eG Zh ffEG Gh eG Y j ,KQc bh id

    .UG LMG hhP g ne J CG ,QGdG e KZEG G Gh

    .dG j MG Y UG LMG hP IY eG b e qnH

    Y eCG