the axial skeleton salt lake city community college human anatomy laboratory
TRANSCRIPT
The Axial SkeletonSalt Lake City Community CollegeHuman Anatomy Laboratory
http://homepage.smc.edu/wissmann_paul/bones/EBbonestutorial.html
Axial skeleton - forms long axis of bodySkullVertebral columnThoracic cage
Appendicular skeleton (next week) – appendages and what they attach toUpper limbs (arms)Pectoral girdle (shoulder)Lower limbs (legs)Pelvic girdle
Axial skeletonSkullVertebral columnThoracic cage
Axial skeleton is shown in green
The Skull = cranial bones and facial bones
Cranial bones
parietal parietalfrontal
temporal
parietal
occipital
_______sphenoid_____ethmoid
occipital
Temporal bones
this is the right temporal bone looking at it from the right side
Sphenoid
Ethmoid Small cranial bones…
Sutures
Largest 4 skull sutures: where bones articulate with parietal bones Coronal Sagittal Squamous Lambdoid (FIND THEM)
Find: coronal, squamous and lamboid sutures
Find: sagittal and lambdoid sutures
MandibleVomerMaxillae (paired)Zygomatics (paired)Nasal (paired)Lacrimal (paired)Palatines (paired)Inferior nasal conchae (paired)
Facial bones:
Mandible (lower jaw)
Maxilla (there are 2 that fuse, forming the upper jaw)
Paranasal sinuses Air-filled sacs in the bones “Paranasal” because they cluster around
and connect to the nasal cavity
Hyoid bone
Only bone which does not articulate with any other bone
Moveable base for the tongue
Points of attachment for neck muscles that raise and lower the larynx during swallowing
Remember that the Axial skeleton includes:
SkullVertebral columnThoracic cage
Axial skeleton is shown in green
The Vertebral Column
Adult: 24 vertebrae Cervical – 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum (5 fused) Coccyx (4 fused)
Structure of a typical vertebra
The SacrumShapes posterior wall of pelvis
Composite bone of 5 fused vertebrae
Sacral foramina allow passage of vessels & nerves
Coccyx(the tailbone)
Remember that the Axial skeleton includes:
SkullVertebral columnThoracic cage
Axial skeleton is shown in green
The Thoracic Cage
Sternum Ribs
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
True ribs 1-7
False ribs 8-12
Floating ribs 11,12
Fontanels
Unossified remnants of membranes
Present at birth Anterior fontanel largest Called “soft spots” Ossify by 1 ½ - 2 years
Continue to ossify into adulthood; the sutures can become fused in old age