The Atomic Bombings The Atomic Bombings of Japanof Japan

Beth LindlyBeth Lindly11stst period Crowder period Crowder

TIMELINETIMELINE19451945

August 6- At 8:15 a.m. “Little Boy”, an atomic August 6- At 8:15 a.m. “Little Boy”, an atomic bomb, is dropped on Hiroshima, Japan. bomb, is dropped on Hiroshima, Japan.

August 9- A second atomic bomb, named “Fat August 9- A second atomic bomb, named “Fat Man” is dropped on Nagasaki, Japan. Man” is dropped on Nagasaki, Japan.

August 15- The Japanese surrender to the Allied August 15- The Japanese surrender to the Allied powers.powers.

September 2- The Japanese signed the official September 2- The Japanese signed the official Instrument of Surrender, ending World War II.Instrument of Surrender, ending World War II.

WHAT?WHAT?

Two atomic bombs were dropped by the Two atomic bombs were dropped by the United States of America on the Japanese United States of America on the Japanese

cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. This August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. This

was an attempt to end World War II. was an attempt to end World War II.

WHY?WHY?In 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, a port In 1941, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, a port

in Hawaii, which forced the US to join in Hawaii, which forced the US to join World War II. Four years later, the war World War II. Four years later, the war

had not ended. The Japanese forces had had not ended. The Japanese forces had been beaten, but they would not been beaten, but they would not

surrender, and the Americans thought the surrender, and the Americans thought the atomic bomb would bring a quick end to atomic bomb would bring a quick end to

the war. They were right.the war. They were right.

HOW?HOW?The United States had spent little time The United States had spent little time

building the atomic bombs “Fat Man” building the atomic bombs “Fat Man” and “Little Boy”, but years planning and “Little Boy”, but years planning how to construct them. The entire how to construct them. The entire effort to build the atomic weapons effort to build the atomic weapons was called the Manhattan Project. was called the Manhattan Project.

Hiroshima was chosen as a target site Hiroshima was chosen as a target site because of its large size. because of its large size.

A Picture of one of the Manhattan Project’s Tests, Called the Trinity Test.

MAP OF JAPAN

RESULTS/CONSEQUENCES• In the Hiroshima bombing, In the Hiroshima bombing,

more than 65,000 people were more than 65,000 people were killed instantly. 140,000 more killed instantly. 140,000 more were injured. were injured.

• In the Nagasaki bombing, In the Nagasaki bombing, 42,000 people died and 42,000 people died and 40,000 were injured.40,000 were injured.

• The Nagasaki bomb destroyed The Nagasaki bomb destroyed 39% of buildings in the city.39% of buildings in the city.

• Millions of Japanese citizens Millions of Japanese citizens were left with radiation-related were left with radiation-related illnesses and burns (see right). illnesses and burns (see right). Even now, the children and Even now, the children and grandchildren of the people grandchildren of the people involved are diagnosed with involved are diagnosed with cancer from what happened cancer from what happened sixty years ago.sixty years ago.

An Example of the Injuries Victims Received.

The Aftermath of the Hiroshima Bomb.

““The appearance of people was . . . well, they all The appearance of people was . . . well, they all had skin blackened by burns. . . . They had no hair had skin blackened by burns. . . . They had no hair

because their hair was burned, and at a glance because their hair was burned, and at a glance you couldn't tell whether you were looking at you couldn't tell whether you were looking at

them from in front or in back. . . . They held their them from in front or in back. . . . They held their arms bent [forward] like this . . . and their skin – arms bent [forward] like this . . . and their skin – not only on their hands, but on their faces and not only on their hands, but on their faces and bodies too – hung down. . . . If there had been bodies too – hung down. . . . If there had been

only one or two such people . . . perhaps I would only one or two such people . . . perhaps I would not have had such a strong impression. But not have had such a strong impression. But

wherever I walked I met these people. . . . Many of wherever I walked I met these people. . . . Many of them died along the road - I can still picture them them died along the road - I can still picture them

in my mind -- like walking ghosts.”in my mind -- like walking ghosts.”--An Unknown Japanese citizen--An Unknown Japanese citizen

IMPORTANT PEOPLEPresident Harry S. TrumanPresident Harry S. Truman

Emperor Emperor HirohitoHirohito

Paul Paul TibbetsTibbets

Harry S. Truman (he didn’t have a middle name; he Harry S. Truman (he didn’t have a middle name; he had a middle had a middle initialinitial) was born on May 8, 1884. He ) was born on May 8, 1884. He was President of the United States from April 12, was President of the United States from April 12,

1945, to January 20, 1953. When he became 1945, to January 20, 1953. When he became president the atomic bombs were already being president the atomic bombs were already being

built, and Truman was quickly briefed on the built, and Truman was quickly briefed on the Manhattan Project. He had only been President for Manhattan Project. He had only been President for

five months when he okayed the use of nuclear five months when he okayed the use of nuclear warfare on the Japanese. He died on December warfare on the Japanese. He died on December

26, 1972 at age 88.26, 1972 at age 88.

EMPEROR HIROHITOShōwa Hirohito was born on April 29, 1901. He Shōwa Hirohito was born on April 29, 1901. He

became emperor of Japan Christmas Day in became emperor of Japan Christmas Day in 1926. He was the emperor during World War 1926. He was the emperor during World War II. He did not want Japan to surrender to the II. He did not want Japan to surrender to the

United States. He was waiting for Soviet United States. He was waiting for Soviet Russia to reply to Japanese “peace feelers”. Russia to reply to Japanese “peace feelers”. He is said to have told his closest advisor, He is said to have told his closest advisor,

Kōicha Kido, that Japan must be defended at Kōicha Kido, that Japan must be defended at all costs. After the bombing, he reluctantly all costs. After the bombing, he reluctantly signed the Instrument of Surrender, ending signed the Instrument of Surrender, ending World War II. He died on January 7,1989. He World War II. He died on January 7,1989. He

was 88.was 88.

PAUL TIBBETS JR.Paul Tibbets, Junior, was born on February 23, Paul Tibbets, Junior, was born on February 23,

1915. He joined the US military in 1937 1915. He joined the US military in 1937 when he was 22. In August 1945, he was when he was 22. In August 1945, he was

assigned to pilot the bomber assigned to pilot the bomber Enola GayEnola Gay. He . He flew it over Japan and dropped the bomb, flew it over Japan and dropped the bomb, code-named “Little Boy”, on Hiroshima, code-named “Little Boy”, on Hiroshima, Japan. He went on to win many military Japan. He went on to win many military

awards and rose in the ranks to become a awards and rose in the ranks to become a brigadier general. He died on November 1, brigadier general. He died on November 1,

2007. He was 92.2007. He was 92.

INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER

“…“…We hereby command allWe hereby command allJapanese forces wherever Japanese forces wherever situated and the Japanese situated and the Japanese people to cease hostilities people to cease hostilities forthwith, to preserve and save forthwith, to preserve and save from damage all ships, aircraft, from damage all ships, aircraft, and military and civil property, and military and civil property, and to comply with all and to comply with all requirements which may be requirements which may be imposed by the Supreme imposed by the Supreme Commander for the Allied Commander for the Allied Powers or by agencies of the Powers or by agencies of the Japanese Government at his Japanese Government at his direction…”direction…”

Instrument of Surrender

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