THE ATOMIC BOMBINGSand

THE END OF WORLD WAR II

AUGUST – SEPTEMBER, 1945

The End of the War Japan Loses Ground: Why?

U.S. submarine campaign Massive U.S. bombing campaign Heavy battlefield casualties

Desperate measures: “Kamikaze” (Define) campaign “No surrender” on battlefield Homeland defense training

U.S. Closes in: How will the war End?

The Atomic Bomb When?

1942 -1945 Where?

Oak Ridge, Tennessee Los Alamos, New Mexico

Codename: The Manhattan Project Who?

Gen. Leslie Groves J. Robert Oppenheimer

The First Test: July 16, 1945 Trinity Site, Alamogordo, New Mexico Success

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT

TRINITY TEST SITE TOWER

TRINITY TEST, JULY 16, 1945

DETONATION SEQUENCE

10 SEC. AFTER DETONATION

DETONATION – FROM DISTANCE

To Bomb Or Not To Bomb Why drop the bomb?

Prevent an invasion of Japan Prevent the risk of massive casualties End the war more quickly

Why Not? Is it ethical? Do we really need to? Do we understand the long-term

effects? What do YOU think?

THE ATOMIC BOMBINGS When?

August 6, 1945: Hiroshima August 9, 1945: Nagasaki

Effect? Describe: Result? Sept. 2, 1945 – Japan

Surrenders World War II Ends

TIBBETS & SWEENY

MajorCharles Sweeny,U.S. Army A.F.,Lead Pilot,Nagasaki Mission

NAGASAKI BOMBER B-29 SUPERFORTRESS

“BOCKS CAR”

AERIAL VIEW - NAGASAKI BEFORE BOMBING

AERIAL VIEW – NAGASAKI AFTER BOMBING

NAGASAKI

BOMBING

AUGUST 9th,

1945

“LITTLE MAN” ATOMIC BOMB

“FAT BOY” ATOMIC BOMB

TYPES OF ATOM BOMBS

Hiroshima “Gun” Bomb

Nagasaki “Implosion” Bomb

ATOMIC BOMB FIGURES WW II ATOMIC BOMBS:

1000 TONS OF TNT = 1 “KILOTON” WW II BOMBS = 13,000 TONS = 13

KILOTONS 1952 “HYDROGEN” BOMB:

1 MIL. TONS OF TNT = 1 “MEGATON” HYDROGEN BOMB = 3 MIL. TONS OF TNT =

3 MEGATONS 1955: U.S. HAD 30,000+ MEGATONS OF

NUCLEAR WEAPONRY ALL EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE USED BY

ALL NATIONS IN WWII ADDED TOGETHER = 1.2 MEGATONS

HIROSHIMA – AFTER BOMBING

HIROSHIMA “SHADOW”

NAGASAKI AFTERMATH

NAGASAKI DEAD, 1945

JAPANESE URBAN TARGETS

NAGASAKI BLAST RADIUS

NAGASAKI BOMB CASUALTIES

DISTANCE FROM GROUND ZERO (KM): 0-1.0 km: 88% Killed, 6% Injured, Pop.:

30,900 1.0-2.5 km: 34% Killed, 29% Injured,

Pop.: 27,700 2.5-5.0 km: 11% Killed, 10% Injured,

Pop.: 115,200

TOTAL: 22% Killed, 12% Injured,Pop.: 173,800

ATOMIC BOMB CASUALTIES

BOMBING EFFECTS ON JAPAN

20-KILOTON BLAST ESTIMATE