The Americas before “Discovery” Great Empires in Central & South America

_________ in Mexico _________ in Peru

North America is less – but . . .

Pueblos, Mound Builders, MississippianIroquois Confederacy

“Discovery”The first: ________* ~1000 AD

others? Columbus –Motivation

a. Originally: __________________b. Secondarily: ________________

Every Taino over the age of fourteen had to supply the rulers with a hawk's bell of gold every three months (or, in gold–deficient areas, twenty–five pounds of spun cotton); those who did were given a token to wear around their necks as proof that they had made their payment; those who did not were, as [Columbus' brother, Fernando] says discreetly, "punished"—by having their hands cut off, as [the priest, Bartolomé de] Las Casas says less discreetly, and left to bleed to death.

Source: Kirkpatrick Sale, The Conquest of Paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian Legacy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf Publishers, 1990), p. 155.

Bartolome de Las Casas -The Columbian Exchange* (14)

nice –not nice -

God Gold G lory

Conquistadores!

Spain Dominates the AmericasSpain conquers Central & South

America (18)encomienda* -mestizos* -

1. What nation lost a major naval battle in 1588?1. What nation lost a major naval battle in 1588?A. EnglandB. FranceC. PortugalD. SpainE. Germany

2. Who saved Jamestown from “utter collapse”?2. Who saved Jamestown from “utter collapse”?A. John SmithB. John RolfeC. James OglethorpeD. John WinthropE. John Calvin

3. Which colony was famous for its relative religious tolerance?3. Which colony was famous for its relative religious tolerance?A. VirginiaB. MarylandC. North CarolinaD. South CarolinaE. Rhode Island

4. _______ won the 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War.4. _______ won the 2nd Anglo-Powhatan War.

A. Jamestown DudesB. The PowhatansC. The WampanoagsD. The PequotsE. The Seminoles

5. The Barbados code of 1661 applied to5. The Barbados code of 1661 applied toA. slavesB. land purchasesC. settlement rightsD. hereticsE. shipping merchants

CHAPTER TWOThe Planting of English America

1500-1733

Page 25

By Beg. of 17th C (1600)Spain Controls Cent. & S. Am.N. Amer. Less settled

Spain in SWFrench in NEEnglish @ Jamestown

European rivalry between England (Protestant) &

Spain (Catholic)

1588 -“red-letter day” (26)Important to US History -

“Push” Factors in Englandpopulation increase –enclosure movement -“surplus population” - primogeniture* -joint stock company* -

JAMESTOWN* (1607)Virginia Co. founded to –NOT the pilgrims!first wave wiped out because –John Smith (Pocahontas) shows up – 60/400 left after winter 1609 - Lord De La Warr* shows up in 1610 -

1. 2.

ANGLO-POWHATAN WARS 1610-1644Irish Tactics & Disease (31)Peace Treaty of 1646 - By 1685 – Powhatans extinctSpanish v. English treatment of Natives:

The difference =

Cheesy Jamestown Summary & TobaccoCheesy Jamestown Summary & Tobacco

TOBACCOJohn Rolfe –“poor man’s crap” -becomes Virginia’s cash crop

pros – cons – 1619 The first _______ arrive, but . ..

the “color line” not yet drawnThe House of Burgesses -

MARYLAND (1634)Lord Baltimore -“haven for Catholics”ruled by huge land barons until . . . –Act of Toleration (1649) -

but . . .

WEST INDIES (~1650)sugar -

“rich man’s crop” –required intense labor

leads to 1st big use of African slavesBarbados Slave Code*

precedent for -

THE CAROLINAS (1670)Lords Proprietors -economic ties to _____ ________ .tried to -

but . . .rice -

requires –North Carolina -

like Rhode Island -

GEORGIA (1733) - Last of 13buffer to protect from

_______ (in FL)_______ (in LA)

James Oglethorpe -the “reformer” colony -religious tolerance for all -

New EnglandMassachusettsConnecticutRhode IslandNew Hampshire

New Englandpuritan foundations – theocracyethnically homogeneoustight knit town communities and

family structure“industrial colonies”

Middle Colonies New YorkNew JerseyDelawarePennsylvania

Middle Coloniespolitically democraticethnically diversesocially diverse“bread colonies”

SouthernSouthernMaryland*Virginia*N. CarolinaSouth CarolinaGeorgia* also called The Chesapeake Colonies

SouthernSouthernplantation agricultureindentured and slave laboreconomic and social hierarchy

scattered communities

CHAPTER THREESettling the Northern Colonies

1619-1700

Page 42

Puritan BeginningsPuritan BeginningsMartin Luther,Germany-95 Theses (1517) John Calvin, Switzerland - Calvinism

we are born evil -Predestination -

Henry VIII creates the Anglican Church -Puritans (Winthrop @ MBC) -Seperatists (Pilgrims @ Plymouth) –

Pilgrims at Plymouth (1620)Pilgrims at Plymouth (1620)Going to Virginia, but “got lost” -“squatters” in MAThe Mayflower Compact -merges with MBC in 1691

Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628)Massachusetts Bay Colony (1628)covenant with Godhe will protect them if . . .John Winthrop – Gov.

“We shall be as a city upon a hill”{ insert taunt here }

MBC was a theocracy –Puritan Values -

Make New Friends With Your Text!Make New Friends With Your Text!You Must Have:1. Text2. Reading Guide3. PartnerTomorrow:Partner Reading Quiz p.51-60

How me make friends with book?How me make friends with book?Turn to p. 10 in Reading Guide1. read outline main idea2. read 2 paragraphs3. stop & debrief with your partnerWhen you are done:1. Turn back to reading Guide2. Fill in blanks & check IDs

Heretics dissentHeretics dissentAnne HutchinsonAntinomianism -banished from MBC in 1638 -Roger Williamsargued govern. could not rule religious

behaviorshould respect indiansEscaped MBC, formed R.I.

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams

Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson

Rhode Island (1636)Rhode Island (1636)most progressive of all coloniestotal religious freedom even for

______ & _______ !universal manhood suffrage –squatters until 1644similar to N. Carolina -

Connecticut (1635)Connecticut (1635)The Fundamental Orders (1639)

the first –men of “substantial standing”

Puritans kill Indians!Puritans kill Indians!1621-1637 Pequot War -1675 – King Phillip’s War -

result -

England ColoniesEngland Colonies Salutary Neglect (until

1660s)

1660 = Restoration (Charles II –

Revokes MBC charter (1684)

New England Confederation (1643) –

“Little Commonwealths” by 1660s

England ColoniesEngland Colonies Dominion of New

England (1686) -Sir Edmund AndrosEnforce Navigation Acts –

Glorious Revolution (1688)

Charles II Overthrown

colonists hate himresistsmuggle

Colonists Overthrow Andros (1688)

Salutary Neglect Returns But . . .Charles II officials

remain -

New Netherland (1613)New Netherland (1613)Col. by Dutch West India Co.

“company town” -aristocratic

New Amsterdam (NYC)1664 – The Duke of York seizes N.N. for

England, renames it _______ _________ !

Quakers (1681)Quakers (1681)pacifist, tolerant, liberal, egalitarian -William Penndemocratic –against theocracy -fair to Indians –Philadelphia -Pennsylvania flourishes

by 1700– more people & $$ than Virginia & Mass.

UpdateUpdateLecture (Ch. 4 & 5) tomorrowReading Quiz p.82-91 Thursday!Unit I Exam Friday

CHAPTER FOURAmerican Life in the Seventeenth

Century1607-

1692

Page 64

The Unhealthy ChesapeakeThe Unhealthy Chesapeakelow life expectancy (64)very few womenslow population growth requires –¾ of all European immigrants to

Chesapeake colonies in 17 C were -

“Drawing the Color Line”“Drawing the Color Line”indentured servitude -

“freedom dues”headright system –as land became scarce –Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) –HUGE AP ID because – “the color line is drawn” in late 17th C–

social construction of race slavery -

Colonial Slave TradeColonial Slave Tradetriangle trade –

Colonial Slave TradeColonial Slave Tradetriangle trade –10 mill. carried from Africa, most to–“middle passage” - slavery did not grow in colonies until –

UpdateUpdateLecture (Ch. 4 & 5) tomorrowReading Quiz p.82-91 Thursday!Unit I Exam Friday

UpdateUpdateLecture (Ch. 4 & 5) tomorrowReading Quiz p.82-91 Thursday!Unit I Exam Friday

SOAPS for your document (10 Points)SOAPS for your document (10 Points)

Subject -

Occasion -

Audience -

Purpose -

Speaker -

Southern SocietySouthern SocietyVery stratified

Stratification - FFVs –P. 73

New EnglandNew Englandless stratifiedmore unifiedNice Weather!

+ 10 years on life!Compare to p.64!

Religious ChallengesReligious Challenges1650s "Jeremiads"Half-Way Covenant (1662)Salem Witch Trials (1692)-

Demographics of 18th C ColoniesDemographics of 18th C Coloniesdef. - population explosion (doubles every 25 years)

ratio of English to Americans:1700 = 20:1 1775 = 3:1importance –

stratification -social mobility

better than Europebut . . . Decreasing

Ethnic DiversityEthnic DiversityAfrican slaves = largest minority50% of the population is non-English Middle colonies are the most diverse;

New England is the leastMichel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur -

The Great Awakening (1730s & 40s)The Great Awakening (1730s & 40s)decline of zeal in 18th C –

increase of “Good Works” doctrines –Jonathan Edwards

“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”George Whitefield

“revival meetings” –“Old Lights” v. “New Lights” – New “American” churches -

Presbyterians -

Random Other Stuff on TestRandom Other Stuff on Testeducation –

emphasized in New EnglandGovernors -

Colonists pressure through -taverns –Lawyers -

1. Name one ethnic minority mentioned in the reading (besides Africans) .

2. The largest ethnic minority group by 1775 was ________ .

3. The leading industry or vocation (90%) in the colonies by 1775 was _____________ .

4. The largest group in the colonial stratification ladder / triangle was:

A. plantersB. yoeman farmersC. slavesD. “jayle birds”E. merchants

4. How did the colonists get around The Molasses Act?

A. they used sugarB. they used syrupC. they used honeyD. they smuggledE. they killed the customs official