The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI)

Timothy J. Schmit

NOAA/NESDIS/ORA

Advanced Satellite Products Team (ASPT) in Madison, Wisconsin

in collaboration with the

Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies

(CIMSS)

UW-Madison

GOES-R Users Conference22 May 2001

30 years of 1 km IR data from AVHRR

10 years of high-resolution MODIS (AM and PM platforms) data- 36 channels with 1 km or finer spatial resolutions

10 years of China’s 10-channel polar-orbiting imager

7 years of MSG (METEOSAT Second Generation) data - 12 channels

7 years since the first GMS (-1R) with 2 km spatial resolutions

Imagers, circa 2010

Limitations of Current GOES Imagers

– Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts

– Low spatial resolution

– Missing spectral bands

– Eclipse and related outages

The need is documented. The technology is proven.

The time is right to update the GOES imager!

ABI - A Continuing Evolution

To keep pace with the growing needs for GOES data and products, the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) follows an evolutionary path and addresses unmet

NWS requirements.

Geostationary Imager SpecificsABI Current GOES

Spatial resolution Visible (0.64 m) 0.5 km Approx. 1 kmAll other bands 2 km Approx. 4 km

Spatial coverageFull disk Every 15 mins Every 180 minsCONUS Every 5 mins Every 15/30 mins

Operation during eclipseYes No

Spectral Coverage8-12 bands 5 bands

19 January 2001, 1720 UTC

MODIS 0.5 km

GOES-8 1 km

MODIS 0.25 km

MODIS 1 km

Lake Effect Snow Bands: Visible

Severe convection: IR windows

25 February 2001

The simulated ABI clearly captures the over-shooting (cold) cloud tops, while the current GOES Imager does not.

Images shown in GOES projection.

MODIS (1 km) ABI (2 km)

GOES-8 (4 km)

ABI spatial coverage rate versus the current GOES Imager

ABI coverage in 5 minutes GOES coverage in 5 minutes

The anticipated schedule for ABI will be full disk images

every 15 minutes plus CONUS images every 5 minutes.

Outages due to Eclipse

and the Keep-Out-Zone

GOES-8 (~3 hours of data outage)

No data!

ABI (~0 hours of data outage)

0.59 – 0.69 0.64 Visible Daytime cloud, smoke, fog

0.81 0.91 0.86* Solar window Daytime cloud, NDVI, fog, aerosol, ocean studies

1.36 - 1.39 1.375* Near IR Daytime thin cirrus detection

1.58 – 1.64 1.61 Near IR Daytime clouds/snow, water/ice clouds

3.8 – 4.0 3.9 Shortwave IR Nighttime low clouds, fog, fire detection

5.7 – 6.6 6.15 Water Vapor 1 Upper tropospheric flow, winds

6.8 – 7.2 7.0 Water Vapor 2 Mid tropospheric flow, winds

8.3 – 8.7 8.5* IR Window 1 Sulfuric acid aerosols, cloud phase

10.1 – 10.6 10.35* IR Window 2 Cloud particle size, sfc properties

10.8 – 11.6 11.2 IR Window 3 Clouds, low-level water vapor, fog, winds, SST

11.8 – 12.8 12.3 IR Window 4 Low-level water vapor, volcanic ash, SST

13.0 – 13.6 13.3 Carbon Dioxide Cloud-top parameters, heights for winds

Proposed ABI (8 or 12) channels Wavelengths Description Primary Use Range (m) Center

* proposed additional channel to baseline of eight channels.

IR channels on current GOES and proposed 12-band ABI

UW-Madison/CIMSS

(For the standard atmosphere at a 40 degree Local Zenith Angle)

Pre

ssur

e

Units: m and K

Weighting Functions for the IR Channels

Simulated GOES (from MODIS)

Visible (at 1 km), WV (at 8 km), and three IR windows (at 4 km)

Two visible bands, two near IR and eight IR bands (10.3 not shown)

Simulated ABI (from MODIS)All images are displayed at 2 km resolution

ABI High Spatial Resolution Visible (0.64 m)Based on GOES Imager Ch 1 Daytime clouds, smoke, fog

Utility of the 0.86 m band

• Provides synergy with the AVHRR/3.

• Helps in determining vegetation amount, aerosols and for ocean/land studies.

• Enables localized vegetation stress monitoring, fire danger monitoring, and albedo retrieval.

01 September 2000-- Pre-burning

MODIS Detects Burn Scars in Louisiana

CIMSS, UW

Burn Scars

Scars (dark regions) caused by biomass burning in early September areevident in MODIS 250 m NIR channel 2 (0.85 μm) imagery on the 17th.

MODIS Data from GSFC DAAC

17 September 2000-- Post-burning

1.88 m (or 1.38 m) is helpful for contrail detection

Examples from MAS (Chs 2, 10, 16).Contrail detection is important when estimating many surface parameters.

There is also interest in the climate change community.

Utility of the 1.6 m band

• Daytime cloud detection. This band does not sense into the lower troposphere due to water vapor absorption and thus it provides excellent daytime sensitivity to very thin cirrus.

• Daytime water/ice cloud delineation. (used for aircraft routing)

• Daytime cloud/snow discrimination.• Based on AVHRR/3 and MODIS experience.

ABI SimulationsAverage 1-km MODIS data to 2-km spacing,

apply blurring function (Point Spread Function)

Point Spread Function (affects sharpness) GOES Imager (left) and ABI (right) for IR Window

PSF data provided by MIT/LL

5 March 2001 - Nocturnal Fog/Stratus Over the Northern Plains

ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in structure of fog.

GOES-10 4 minus 11 μm Difference ABI 4 minus 11 μm Difference

Fog UW/CIMSS

Both images are shown in the GOES projection.

ABI (3.9 m)Based on GOES Imager Ch 2

useful for fog, snow, cloud, and fire detection

GOES-10 and ABI Simulations of Viejas Fire Smoke Plume(Using MODIS Data)

MODIS (0.5 km) - GOES-ABI:visible3 January 2001, 1900 UTC

GOES-10 (1.0 km):visible3 January 2001, 1900 UTC

GOES ABI and GOES-8/M Simulations of Viejas Fire Using MODIS Data: 3 January 2001 at 1900 UTCSimulated GOES ABI: 3.9 micron Simulated GOES 8/M: 3.9 micron

Temperature (K) Temperature (K)

Simulated ABI

Mountain Waves in WV channel (6.7 um) 7 April 2000, 1815 UTC

Actual GOES-8

Mountain waves over Colorado and New Mexico were induced by strong northwesterly flow associated with a pair of upper-tropospheric jet streaks moving

across the elevated terrain of the southern and central Rocky Mountains. The mountain waves appear more well-defined over Colorado; in fact, several aircraft

reported moderate to severe turbulence over that region.

UW/CIMSSBoth images are shown in GOES projection.

Units: m and K

Pre

ssur

e

Applications: upper level moisture, jetstreaks, and satellite-derived winds.

ABI (6.15 and 7.0 m)Based on MSG/ SEVIRI and GOES Sounder Ch 11

Utility of the 8.5 m band

- volcanic cloud detection can be improved by detecting sulfuric acid aerosols (Realmuto et al.). Baran et al. have shown the utility of a channel near 8.2 m to detect sulfuric acid aerosols.

- microphysical properties of clouds can be determined. This includes a more accurate and consistent delineation of ice clouds from water clouds during the day or night.- thin cirrus can be detected in conjunction with the 11 m. This will improve other products by reducing cloud contamination.- SST estimates can be improved by a better atmospheric correction in relatively dry atmospheres.- international commonality is furthered as MSG carries a similar channel (8.5 to 8.9 m) as well as MODIS and GLI.

- surface properties can be observed in conjunction with the 10.35 m channel.

ABI Simulations: Water/Ice Clouds and Snow/Lake Ice 3-color composites 12 February 2001; 1627 UTC

Vis/4um/11um

Vis/1.6um/11um

Vis/4um/8.5-11um

Vis/1.6um/8.5-11umUW/CIMSS UW/CIMSS

UW/CIMSSUW/CIMSS

Water cloud

Ice cloud

Lake Ice

Snow

Lake Ice

Ice cloud

Super-Cooled cloud

Cur

rent

Im

ager

Water/Ice Clouds and Snow/Lake Ice ABI Simulations (from MODIS data)

3-color composite (Visible/1.6 μm/8.5-11 μm)12 February 2001; 1627 UTC

UW/CIMSS

Vis/1.6um/8.5-11um

Water cloud

Ice cloud

Lake Ice

Snow

Super-Cooled cloud

UW/CIMSS

Utility of the 10.35 m band

- microphysical properties of clouds can be determined. This includes a more accurate determination of cloud particle size during the day or night.

- cloud particle size is related to cloud liquid water content.

- particle size may be related to the “enhanced V” severe weather signature.

- surface properties can be observed in conjunction with the 8.5, 11.2, and 12.3 m bands.

- low level moisture determinations are enhanced with more split windows.

ABI (11.2 m)Based on GOES Sounder Ch 8

The many uses of the longwave infrared window: cloud images and properties, estimates of wind fields, surface properties, rainfall amounts, and hurricane and other storm location.

Hurricane Alberto IR -Window19 August 2000, 1415 UTCABI GOES-8

Satellite-derived winds will be improved with the ABI due to:- higher spatial resolution (better edge detection)- more frequent images (offers different time intervals)- better cloud height detection (with multiple bands)- new bands may allow new wind products (1.38 m?)- better NEdT’s- better navigation/registration

Satellite-derived winds

GOES-10 and AVHRR SSTComparison of data

1.1 km spatial resolution

24 images per day

5.5 km spatial resolution

2 - 4 passes per day

160W 159W 158W 157W 156W 155W

18N 18N

19N 19N

20N 20N

21N 21N

22N 22N

23N 23NSST (C)

160W 159W 158W 157W 156W 155W

18N 18N

19N 19N

20N 20N

21N 21N

22N 22N

23N 23N

5 day composite 2 day composite

AVHRR HRPT GOES-10 SST

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SST will be improved with the ABI due to:- higher spatial resolution - more frequent images - better cloud and aerosol detection - better NEdT’s

ABI (12.3 m)Based on GOES Imager Ch 5

useful for low atmospheric moisture, volcanic ash, and SST

UW/CIMSS

Simulated Imager(11-12 μm)

Simulated ABI (11-12 μm)

Simulated ABI (8.5-11 μm)

One day after the eruption20 February 2001, 0845 UTC

Volcanic Ash Plume: 11-12 and 8.5-11 μm images

ABI (13.3 m)Based on GOES Sounder Ch 5

useful for cloud heights and heights for winds

Clear Low Cloud High Cloud

ABI addresses NWS Imager concerns by: • increasing spatial resolution - closer to NWS goal of 0.5 km IR

• scanning faster - temporal sampling improved - more regions scanned

• adding bands - new and/or improved products enabled

Simulations of the ABI show that the 12 channel version addresses NWS requirements for improved cloud, moisture, and surface products.

Summary -- ABI

What if we could have more bands?

• 9.6 m -- total ozone• 14.2 m -- better cloud heights• 4.57 m -- better TPW• 0.47 m -- aerosol particle size (over land)

plus true color images (with other visible bands)

More information can be found at• http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/

• http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/modis1/modis1.html– MODIS

– MAS

• http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/nast/index.html

• http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/goes.html– Real-time Sounder page

– GOES Gallery

– Biomass Burning

• http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/html/c3/sec3-0.htm– NOAA KLM User's Guide

• http://www.eumetsat.de/en/– MSG..System..MSG..Payload..Spectral bands..Spectral bands