thayer regional security architecture asia pacific

8/3/2019 Thayer Regional Security Architecture Asia Pacific

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Regional Security

Emeritus Professor Carl Thayer

Securit Studies Re ional

Australian Command and Staff College

e e e ,


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Types of Security Architectures

Collective Securit

Collective Defence Security Regime

Securit Communit


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Article 51 Nothing in the present Charter shall impair the

inherent right of individual or collective self-defence

if an armed attack occurs against a Member of then e a ons, un e ecur y ounc as a en

measures necessary to maintain international peace

.


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rt c e

Nothing in the present Charter precludes the

ex s ence o reg ona arrangemen s or agenc es or

dealing with such matters relating to the

are appropriate for regional action provided that

such arrangements or agencies and their activities

are consistent with the Purposes and Principles ofthe United Nations.


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e a o s

Korean War

Vietnam War

Collective security or collective defence? North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO

South East Asia Treaty Organisation SEATO

Laotian crisis 1961-62


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SEATO, 1954-76

South East Asia Collective Security Treaty

South East Asia Treaty Organisation , , rance, ustra a, ew ea an ,

Pakistan, Thailand and the Philippines

COIN internal focus


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Collective Defence

A ances are one orm o co ect ve e ence

coalitions, mutual assistance agreements

to cooperate in using their military resources

against a specific state or states. Alliances usually obligate one or more of the

signatories to use force or to consider the use of

orce - un a era y or n consu a on - n spec ecircumstances.


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Functions of Alliances

subscribe to them, and allow for aninternational division of labour

2) assist the signatories in maintaining their

internal securit ;

3) serve to restrain the behaviour of other states;

anarchical international system (eg. by drawinga line, or ali nin nations


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Collective Defence and the Asia-Pacific

an ranc sco ystem

U.S. Mutual Security/Defence Treaties

Japan, South Korea, Republic of China

Philippines, Thailand

Australia and New Zealand (ANZUS)

arrangements in Asia-Pacific


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US Hub and Spokes Model

Ja an

SouthANZUS

USA

TaiwanThailand

Philippines


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A group of states cooperate to manage theirdis utes and avoid war b seekin to mute

their security dilemma

,

behaviour

=


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A group of states

attained a sense of community or collectiveidentity

adopted formal or informal institutions and

ractices

become integrated

o epen a e expec a ons o peace uchange,

rule out the use of force to solve disputes


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Re ional Securit AssociationsLongevity (in Years)

ASEAN (44)

Shanghai Cooperation

APEC (22)

ASEAN Plus Three (14) CSCAP (18)

ARF (17) Shangri-La Dialogue (9)

ASEM (15) East Asian Summit (6)


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A i i n f h E A i n i n


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.Nations (ASEAN)

To accelerate the economic growth, social

To promote regional peace and stability

Ban kok Declaration Au ust 8 1967

Founding members:

Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and

Thailand Conflict avoidance/regional autonomy


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ASEANs Dialogue Partners

Australia (1974) New Zealand (1975)

UNDP (1977)

South Korea (1991)

EU (1977)

Japan (1977)

India (1996)

China (1996) Canada (1977)

United States 1977

Russia (1996)

Pakistan (1997)*

*sectoral partner


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Post-Ministerial Conference

DialoguePartners


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ASEAN Defence Ministers + 8China

USARussia

ASEAN Newe ence

Ministers

Zealand

ustra a

JapanSouthKorea

India


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Five Ex ert Workin Grou s

MaritimeSecurit

HA/DR

Keeping

Terrorism

Militarye c ne


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2. Five Power DefenceArrangements

Formed 1971

defence of Malaysia and Singapore indivisible

consultative body annual joint training exercises

Integrated Air Defence System (IADS)

Confidence building measure betweenMalaysia and Singapore


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Integrated Area Defence System (2000) Ex andin role in addressin as mmetric

threats (2003)

Onl effective multilateral militar structurewith an operational dimension in SoutheastAsia

Facilitates cooperation in other areas Malaysia in East Timor

Singapore and NZ in Afghanistan


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3, Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation


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oun er-Terrorism Task

Secure Trade

Region (STAR)


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. ounc or ecur tyr i n in A i -P ifi

(CSCAP)

Established 1984 Established 1991


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E i miCommunity

Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Australian National University,Australia.

n vers y o oron o- or n vers y o n en er or s a ac c u es,Canada.

Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Indonesia.

, .

The Seoul Forum for International Affairs, Republic of Korea.

Institute of Strategic and International Studies, Malaysia.

, .

Singapore Institute of International Affairs, Singapore (replaced by Institute forDefence and Strategic Studies).

, .

Pacific Forum/CSIS, United States of America.


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CSCAP and the ARF

rac ac v es n rs a o year

Track 2 activities in second half of year ARF Chair and CSCAP

Informal to formal relationshi ?

Possible editor of annualAsia Pacific Security

Outlook


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. eg ona orum -


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ASEAN Regional Forum


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Membershi Ex ansionBrunei China M anmar

Indonesia European Union Cambodia

Philippines South Korea North Korea

Thailand PNG Pakistan

Australia United States Bangladesh

ana a aos r an a


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6. Shanghai Cooperation Organisation

1996 Shanghai Five China Russia Kazakhstan K r stan

Tajikistan

Address security problems along borders

g y s ruc ure n er-governmen aorganisation


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7. Asia Europe Meeting - ASEM

Inaugural Summit March 1996 oun ng mem ers

Ministerial meetings annually Summits every two years

Coordinators two from each side

Dialogue platform


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1 Political =

fight against terrorism, the management of migratory flows,

human rights, global environment challenges, and the impactof globalisation

2 Economic and Financial

nvestment, nanc a an soc a po cy re orm3 Cultural and Intellectual

oopera on n g er e uca on


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8. ASEAN Plus Three - APT

ASEAN plus China, Japan, South Korea

1997-98

government/state

conom c ocus Non-traditional security issues on agenda


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9. Shangri-La Dialogue

Initiated by International Institute of StrategicStudies (IISS) in 2002

Participation by defence ministers from 15

countries Plus 6 deputy ministers or senior officials

2003 Chiefs of Defence Staff

National Security Advisors and PermanentUnder Secretaries for Defence (2004-05)


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10. Six Party Talks

North Korea withdraws from Non-Proliferation Treat 2003

Six parties: North and South Korea, China,

, . .

2005 Agreement

u sequent ort orean nuc ear tests Talks suspended


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11. East Asian Summit

1st

Summit held in Kuala Lumpur,December 14 2005

Promote peace, stability and economic

ASEAN members + China, Japan, South Korea,

, ,


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Plus USA & Russia

Patterns of Security Cooperation


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PatternsofSecurityCooperation US PACOM

Theatre

Sub-regionalmiddle powermultilateralism

Engagement FPDA

Middlepowers

Hierarchical

operating as

equals

. .Leadership

ASEAN-centric

-

ExclusiveEast Asian

ASEANRegional

ASEAN PlusThree (China,

lateralismRegionalism

Forum

ADMM-Plus

Japan, SouthKorea)


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institution] effectively covers the Asia-Pacific

Multiple overlapping architectures deal with

ar an so secur y c a enges

The ASEAN Way embedded in ARF and

EASNo enforcement structures


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Conclusion

Spread of cooperative security norms

Six Party Talks

Shangri-la Dialogue

row ng n er epen ence across e s a-Pacific Region


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Ar hi r

Emeritus Professor Carl Thayer

Australian Command and Staff Colle e

Security Studies (Regional)

e e e ,

thayer regional security architecture asia pacific

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