telc (szabó-collins)

First read the ten headlines (a-j). Then read the five texts (1-5) and decide which text goes best withwhich headline. Mark your answers on the answer sheet in the boxes 1-5.

@] Paddling through Atlantic

lliJ Fatal accident in London

[I] HUNDREDS OF SWAN CARCASSES FO UND

[ill Climate changes in Canada

~ Migratory swans will be surprised

rn Aphrodite turns heads

[ID S UMMER IN RECORD BOOKS AS A DRY O NE

[E] Teenager sleepwclks up 130 ft crone

CD New record done

DJ Greek goddesses visit New York

oTHE Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife(WDFW) is set to "haze" [udson Lake as part of anew scientific experiment to try to stop themysterious deaths of hundreds of Trumpeter swansannually.

The majestic migratory swans will encounter aloud and wild surprise when they arrive inAbbotsford from Alaska about mid-October. Insteadof cool breezes stirring the peaceful grassy reedsalong the shoreline, the swans will find theirroosting spot at judson Lake ablaze in shininglights, an air boat skimming the shallow waters toscare them away as well as other noisy.devices.

Kraege said the experiment is part of a largeinternational task force investigating the massiveswan die-offs from lead poisoning in WhatcomCounty and the Fraser Valley. More than 2,000

Trumpeters have died from lead shot poisoningsince 1999 in the Fraser Valley and WhatcomCounty, Kraege said, noting that 400 swans died lastfall and winter.

Kevin Sinclair, who lives along shallow JudsonLake, calls it "a death trap" for the swans, becausethe muddy bottom is polluted with lead shot. Twopeople will be working at the lake 24 hours a day,seven days a week, to keep the birds from thewetlands. The $40,000 project is called theExperimental Management Hazing ofJudson Lakeand takes place from mid-October until January.Kraege said the swans have plenty of other roostingspots to choose from when they can't land atjudson Lake. The latest effort is part of an ongoinginternational investigation on the Trumpeter swanlead poisoning.

11

DSUN-WORSHIPPERS and gardeners already know it,but this summer was one of the driest and sunniestever in the Lower Mainland. And EnvironmentCanada's meteorologists have the proof. VancouverInternational Airport recorded 326.6 hours ofsunshine in August - 22 per cent more than theaverage 268 hours for the month. For the past threemonths from June through August, it 's been about15 per cent sunnier than usual. Vancouver had somuch more sunshine than normal- 121 extrahours - that it's the equivalent of having an extratwo weeks of summer. The dry spell has also beenimpressive.

Although June was about average in Vancouver,just 38 per cent of the normal rainfall was receivedin July and August. July saw 25.2 mm of rain, while

D

just 4.8 mm fell in August. Those months normallyrecord just under 40 mm each.

No records were set for the dry spell- theybelong to summer months in 1951 and 1986 whenonly trace amounts of rain fell. Average maximumdaily temperatures in Vancouver were slightlyabove normal in July and June. Further up thevalley, at the Abbotsford airport, it's a similar story.Just 26.7 mm fell in total in July and August - about27 per cent of normal. Those months normallyrecord about 50 mm each. Abbotsford recordedgenerally warmer than normal daily maximumtemperatures. July's average maximum temperaturewas 24.7 degrees Celsius, versus a normal of 23.4.August's average was 25.1 degrees, versus a 23.8normal.

IT'S an adventure that, on the surface, has little comparison to the daily life of regular people. For julieWafaei, the first woman to cross the Atlantic Ocean using only human power, her expedition symbolizessomething that everyone can relate to. It shows how a formidable task or difficult goal can be achieved ifit's simply broken down to conquerable steps.

"I think that applies to a lot of things in life," said Wafaei this week. Hopefully, she adds, she'll carrythat lesson with her into the future.

It's just one of the lessons that she and fiance Colin Angus are starting to share following thecompletion of an epic journey on May 20 this year - Angus having completed the world's first manpowered circumnavigation of the world, and Wafaei being there most of the way.

It took Angus and Wafaei five months to cross the Atlantic Ocean using only their own strength heading through the most severe hurricane season recorded. Despite their plan to avoid hurricane paths,they were still hit by two. While an average count is around 11 tropical storms through their route, therewere over 25 during their journey.

That kind of experience creates a unique connection with the ocean - the part of the journey that shehad been most enamoured with when the expedition was being planned.

"You're spending a very long time out there so you see it in a very different way. .. you get quiteintimate with the ocean," said Wafaei. It's also a unique consequence of global warming, she said, and juone of the examples Wafaei and Angus will share when they start a speaking tour that will take themacross Canada. The opening of their tour, and debut of their documentary on the trek, will be on Oct. 4 a7 p.m. at the Palace Theatre in Courtenay. Tickets cost $10 in advance, $12 at the door. Along with thosepresentations, Wafaei and Angus are doing separate motivational speaking engagements - one locallywith Wafaei, for example, is a talk with the Comox Valley Women's Business Network this week.

12

PASSERSBY in South London thought they were witnessing a suicide attempt when they saw a young girlclimbing up a massive crane at 2 o'clock in the morning. They called 999 and within minutes rescueworkers were headed up the 130ft crane in pursuit. However, the fireman that reached the girl, foundthat she was fast asleep and quite unaware of her precarious surroundings.

The teenager had not only climbed the crane whilst asleep, but had crawled a further 40ft out on to thecounterweight section of the crane where she finally fell asleep on a narrow beam. The fireman,frightened to wake her in case she became frightened and fell, searched the teenager's mobile phone,found a number for the parents in its memory and had them call her and wake her.

aNEW YORK - A nude torso of Aphrodite, the Greekgoddess of love, went on public display in NewYork last week for the first time outside hermythical birthplace. The alluring marble sculpturedates from the first century BC. With her classicfigure and glowing patina, AphroditeAnadyomene, orAphrodite emerging from the sea, literally cameout of the Mediterranean. The one-metre-tall torsowas recovered by divers in 1956 at Na Paphos onthe southwest coast of Cyprus.

Bathed in soft light and surrounded by 88 otherrelics, the goddess is displayed at the OnassisCultural Center in Manhattan in the exhibit FromIshtar to Aphrodite: 3200 Years of Cypriot Hellenism.Though her head, arms and lower legs were lost,this weathered Aphrodite is comparable to theLouvre's famed Venus de Milo. Venus is of the samecentury as Aphrodite, but from the Aegean isle ofMilos. "The relationship between the narrow

shoulders and long, broad hips reflects thatmannerism of Hellenistic sculpture" in the CypriotAphrodite, the exhibits catalogue notes.Aphrodite's right arm "probably once held the endof her tresses. Small rivet holes at the back of herhips suggest that a drapery could have covered partof her hips."

The works dating to 1450 BC include Bronze Ageswords and spearheads, bracelets and other goldjewellery, ceramic amphorae and cups, silver coinsand limestone busts. The relics were mostlyrecovered from archaeological digs in Cyprus and,though breathtaking in quality, aren't even themost renowned from the eastern Mediterraneanisland, the organizers said.

A cast bronze tripod stand - 38 centimetres high,with bovine feet and a bull's head adorning each leg- typifies a design invented in Cyprus, where coppermining enabled a rich tradition of bronze work.

13

First read the following text and then choose the answers to questions 6-10.

Therapy Dogs Lending a 'Helping Paw to StudentsKerri Fivecoat-Campbell

It isn't unusual for Ellen Knight, aschool counsellor at Basehor Elementary, to receive requests such as thenote handed to her by a group of students during recess. Scrawled on thepiece ofpaper: "We would like to knowif we can read to Bailey? Is this a goodtime?" Bailey is one of the officialschool therapy dogs used in the small,rural district for everything from lessons to teaching social skills and responsibility to comforting students in atime of grief or personal crisis.

"Dogs have been used in the classroomfor many years," said Sarah Holbert ofCanine Assistance, Rehabilitation, Education and Services Inc. (C.A.RE.S) . Inthe late 1980s and early 1990s similarorganizations started training and providing social dogs to live in facilities mostly in skilled care facilities andgroup homes for the elderly. Researchsuggested that dogs lowered bloodpressure, and senior citizenswho owneddogs lived longer with fewer healthproblems. People suffering fromAlzheimer's disease could also relate todogs; many recalled the best friends oftheir youth and became happier whengiven access to a dog once again.

When C.A.RE.S. was founded in1994, they recognized that there was aneed for dogs that were trained beyondsimply being social dogs. "We trainthem in a professional therapy dogprogram," said Holbert. "Our dogs aretrained on the same level as servicedogs." C.A.R.E.S. is a non-profit organization dedicated to providing trainedservice dogs and to do that, Holbertexplained, all dogs must be tested fortemperament , spayed or neutered, passphysical exams, and test negative forheartwonns and physical abnormalities.

14

The dogs enter the program as earlyas possible and go through manymonths of training. The ~verage agefor a dog to actually be assigned to anowner is eighteen months. "We neverlet them go before twelve months,"said Holbert. "They just need that timeto grow and mature." When the dogsgraduate from the program, they aretrained to help support people whomight have to lean on them whilegetting up after falling; they are taughtsign language to assist hearing impaired; they know forty-three basiccommands and are even trained forbasic search-and-rescue, not only foremergencies but also to play hide andseek with the children.

Once the dogs are certified for work,they're ready for potential owners,who are required to use them to workin a facility to minimize the problemsencountered by so many facilitiesyears ago. Owners must also completea rigorous one-week training program.They must pass a public access test andbe certified, which includes C.A.RE.S.trainers observing the owners workingwith their dogs in the schools.

Henry Woolf visited an alternativeschool in 1990 where therapy dogswere being used. His visit convincedhim of the positive outcomes of therapy dogs on students who were havingproblems in school. In 2004, he decided to get a therapy dog fromC.A.RE.S. , Inc. after going through theowner-training program. He ended upwith River, a black Lab.

The first time Woolf met "Mandy"(not her real name), it was in truancycourt. The junior high, special needsstudent had been absent over fortydays during the school year until that

point. The judge asked me if I had aplan to keep her in school," said WooIf."I told him I did, but I couldn 't tell herbecause then she would know theplan." Woolf had previously discussedwith the girl's mother his idea to useRiver with Mandy. "I then told Mandythat I had a surprise for her, but Iwouldn 't tell her what it was until sheshowed up for school," said WooIf."When she came into school the nextday, I introduced her to River and toldher that if she didn't come to school tocare for him, he wouldn't get walks,water or love." Mandy showedup forthe rest of the school year, with theexception of two days. It was Mandy'sresponsibility to take River for hiswalks in the halls and give him loveand attention.

For schools that use therapy. .dogs,the list goes on. Therapy dogs havebeen used in lesson planning frommath to social studies. "In math, theymight weigh the dog and then converthis weight from pounds to grams," saidHolbert. The most popular lesson inwhich to use therapy dogs is in teaching young children to read. Schoolofficials say the dogs are perfect listeners. "They are not judgmental; theydon't care if you don't get the wordsexactly right," said Knight.

Holbert said for children in specialeducation the dogs provide unconditional love and support and even friendship to students who usuallydon't have alot of friends. "Also, if the dogs are madepart of their classrooms, it instillsa senseof pride and self-confidence in thesekids," said Holbert. "It opens up dialogueand otherchildrendo want to talk to themand be their friend because they are sospecialas to have the dog."

ow decide which is the correct answer (a, b or c) to the items 6-10 and mark your answers on theanswer sheet.

Therapy dogs can

~ cheer up children .

E ease children's sorrow.

1] feel children 's grief.

In a survey dogs were considered to be able to

~ help their owners live in a healthier way with fewer problems.

E cure certain diseasessuch as high blood pressure.

1] cheer up people suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

[JDogs' training starts as early as possible and lasts

~ 12 months or more.

E until they learn to do their jobs.

1] 18 months.

Not only dogs, but their owners are trained to

~ give basic commands and use sign language.

E pass an exam.

:IJ know their dogs better.

Therapy dogs can help

@] children 's mental and physical development.

lliJ children entertain themselves.

CS] shy children make new friends.

15

First read the ten situations (11-20) and then read the twelve texts (a-I). Decide which text goes bestwith which situation. Each text can be used only once. Mark your answers on the answer sheet (11-20).In some cases there may be no suitable text. Then mark x.

Ell

16

Your colleague is going to retire in three weeks and you would like to buy him a unique present.He likes and collects old things like call-ups and kits.

You are going to move to Nigeria for a year and you wouldn't like to take your 12-year-olddaughter with you. You are looking for a school for her in Great Britain.

You work as a full-time secretary but you are underpaid and need some extra work.

You are a mother of three (3, 7, 11) and want your children to go to the same school.

You would like to renovate your old mansion and need some information on how to repair doorsand windows.

You are spending a few days in Britain and are interested in Sir Horatio Nelson's most famousship.

You are an unemployed accountant and looking for an odd job.

Your ll-year-old daughter is interested in the French language and culture and you look for aschool where she can improve her speaking skills.

You've inherited a house in bad condition in the countryside. You would like to sell it.

Your son is a fan of the Royal Navy. He's interested in everything in connection with it. If you arein Great Britain don't miss visiting this place.

Robertsbridge Community CollegeKnelle Road, Robertsbridge

Required for session in May and June

EXAMINATION INVIGILATORSNew posts created as a result of changes to teachers' pay and conditions. The work will be hourlypaid at a rate of £7.4520 per hour. Prime duty will be the supervision of students undertakingexternal examinations and you will be working as part of a team supervised by a member of theteaching staff. Ideal part-time work for ex-teachers, retired civil servants, ex-bank employees,etc., i.e. any well-educated adult with previous good work experience.

Infonnation: 01580 880360

LIMITED

s. BARLOW

PERIOD OAKOak frame construction once a dying artis now enjoying something of a renaissance. As more and more peoplelook to build their own bespoke homesthe beauty and quality of an oak frame isquickly becoming realized. Anoth er plus is the durability in design which range s from thetraditional, such as Wealden Hall Houses, which were traditionally built within the Weald of Kentand East Sussex in and around the 14th and 15th centuries and were said to "Express the qualityof life in a prosperous age." Period Oak creates each bespoke frame using traditional handcraftedmethods handed down from the builders of the original 14th and 15th centu ry homes which canstill be seen today. The quality and craft sman ship of these beautiful buildings is a real inspirationto each one of our IO-strong team.

Take Off to the Fleet Air Arm MuseumTHE Fleet Air Arm Museum in Yeovilton, Somerset is a "m ust see" when in the

Southwest! The Museum houses the largest collection of naval aircraft anywhere inEurope and it includes eight aircraft which cannot be seen anywhere else in the world.

Situated alongside Euro pe's largest Naval Air Station you are likely to see Sea Harri ers andhelicopters going through their rigorous training procedures (dependent upon operationa l dem ands).Inside the museum you will have the opportunity of going on-board Concorde and being tr ansported

by a simulated helicopter flight to the repli ca flight deck of the aircraft carrier HMS ARK ROYAL.A combination of two enormous projection scree ns , coupled with ten rea l aircrafts , put you

in the heart of the action as powerfu l jet fighters take off and land aro und you.You' ll experience the thrills and sou nds of a working fligh t deck, and even see a nucl ear bomb.

L550,OOOCASH BUYERThis fit, fit, fit couple have run

out of space for all their bicycles andurgently seek a delightful new homealmost an ywhere in the Headcorn,

Goudhurst, Hawkhurst, Wittershamneck of the woods. They need a homefor three children and their chickens!

They need a characterful detached house ina semi-rura l setting, perhaps at the edge ofa village and with a maximum of 10 acres toplay in. Useful, too, if there were a handyrailway station - out of the sound of trains, andaway from road traffic.

L850,OOO+CASH BUYER

Bond Street Fashion Director whoworks jolly hard six da ys a week

spends an y spare time she ha srenovating period and character

country properties with her partnerwho is a brilliant builder.

They are now looking for another projectanywhere in Kent or East Sussex that haspotential. If you have a run-down property orformer fann buildings, nursing homes, etc. thatwou ld lend themselves to a sympatheticconversion, they have the money and visionavailable immediately. They are willing to waitfor you to find your onward move.

17

Portsmouth Historic DockyardHOME to three historically significant and well-known ships

HMS Victory, HMS Warrior and the Mary Rose.Two museums - The Mary Rose Museum and the Royal Nava l Museum - are open to the public.A multi-million pound in te ractive showcase, ACTION STATIONS. detailing the modern-day navy.

is the most rec ent major addition.The eyes of the world will be on Portsmouth during 2005, the bic entenary of Th e Battle of Trafalgar,arguably the most famous sea battle ever and led by HMS Victory. The Battle took place on the 21stOctober 1805 off the coa st of South West Spain and is one of the most decisive in hi story. Make this

the year to visit the Portsmouth Historic Dockyard and realise, there is so much more to see!

Antique and fine furniture, silver, plate, A· Sjewellery, ceramics, metalware, clocks, rugs, etc. ntique aleTo include: 2 large oak refectory tables, a large Victorian Wednesday 26th April at 11amoak breakfront library bookcase, a Regency table piano byBroderip and Wilkinson Georgian and a Victorian chest ofdrawers, a collect ion ofmil itary uniformsand swords and much more:View this illustrated catalogue fro m Thursday at www.burstowandhewett.co.uk

Viewing on Tuesday 25th April 9am-7pm and morning of sale from 9am

ABBEY AUCTION GALLERYLower La ke, Battle,East SussexTel: 01424 7723

Battle Abbey SchooL is a thriving co-educationaL boarding and day schooLfor children aged from 5-18. It is Located on two sites - the Preparatory SchooL

stands in its own attractive, spacious grounds in centraL BexhiLL-on-Sea,and the Senior SchooL is Located in BattLe, within the stunning surroundings

of BattLe Abbey and overLooking the famous 1066 BattLefieLd.

The Preparatory School in Bexhill-on-Sea,(01424) 219674, has superb facilities, including a 25-metre indoor swimming pool and abrand-new astro turf multi-sport pitch.

Continuity of education is one of our keyattracti ons, and pupils may apply to joinus at any t ime during th eir school career,with Preparatory School pupils t ransferringat 11, subject to academic attai nment,to a guaranteed place in the Senior School.

In 2004 and 2005 100% of our candidatesobtained 5 passes at GCSE at Grade Cand above.At A-Level there has been a similarly hig h passrate with 50% of grades at A or B. Places havebeen gained at many of the top universities,including Oxbridge. Please telephone (01424)772385 to make an appointment to visit theSenior School in Battle, and (01424) 219674 tovisit the Nursery and Preparatory School inBexhill-on-Sea.

18

www.battLeabbeyschooL.com

A collection of outstand ing merit and varietyrepresenting most of the major knotting

regions to be sold mainly under pressuriseddisposal instructions with numerous items to

be soldWITHOUT RES ERVE

in all sizes, from room sizes, oversize,scatter rugs & runners

onSATURDAY 29th APRIL 2006

Sale starts 11.00 am (view from 09.30 am)St Mildred's Church HallChurch Road, Tenterden

Auction SaleFinest Quality Luxurious Decorative

Individual Hand-Knotted

LAMBERT FOSTER

CONNOISSEUR & DECORATIVEPERSIAN & EASTERN CARPETS

NATURAL FARMS LTD

Confident person required to present andsell our delicious pies in a variety ofinteresting locations. You will holda driving licence and have a pas sion forgood food. This part-time position willinclude weekend work.Please phone and tell me why this job isfor you!01580 830090 Ask for Tony

DJSuccess andhappiness

High academicachievement goeshand in hand witha happy fam ily

'---- -' atmosphere.

At Sutton Valence Preparatory School,chi ldren are encouraged to develop the irindividua l tal ents to the fu ll, co ntri butingpositively and enthus iastica lly to school life .

By encouraging the ch ildren to experiencea wide range of academic, sporting,musical and cu ltural activities, we preparethem for entrance to our senio r school,Sutton Valence, or other secondary schools,both independent and maintained .

Children enter Kinde rgarten at the age of 3 ,based in a high quality, purpose-b uilt unitwhich opened in 200 1. Teaching and carestandards are high and founded upon theneed for young child ren to learn through playand the exploration of the ir surroundi ngs.Progression through the school is seamlessand by the time they are 7 ou r children areacadem ically well-grounded, articulate andconfident and ready to tac kle the widercurriculum and challenges provided fu rtherup the school.

From ages 7- 1 1 ch ild ren a re ta ug ht ina pu rpo se-built classroom block wherespecial ist subject teaching beco mes anintegra l part of their curr iculum.

Choosing the right school for their child isone of the most important decis ions parentshave to ma ke. We would welcome a visitfrom you so that you can absorb the specia lfam ily atmosphere and ethos and see whatwe have to offer.

Please contact Mrs Anne Leckie,Headmaster's Secretary to arrange a visit.Telephone: 0122 84117Email: [email protected]

19

Clarernont School is set amidst100 acres of beautiful countryside onthe outskirts of St. Leonards-on-Sea.It caters for children from 1 to 13

years of age, is open from Barn to 6pmdaily, and accepts only day-pupils

20

Traditional family vaLues are very importantat CLaremont and consequentLy there is noboarding and no Saturday schooL. There is amaximum of 18 pupils per class and highstaff: pupil ratios throughout.The curricuLum is broad and includes Art,Music, Drama and Sport. The schooL offers adaily transport service to and from Hastings,

BexhilL and surrounding areas. The schooL aLso owns a Large property in N. France, where allchildren from year 3 upwards have the opportunity of appLying their Linguistic skills, whilstenjoying the LocaL French cuLture.In the Nursery SchooL children follow the 6 EarLy Learning GoaLs, and in addition are offeredFrench, Music and Drama classes. Entry to CLaremont Prep SchooL is via the Nursery wherepreparation for the transition takes pLace in the spring and summer terms.

OPEN DAYS - Friday 12th and Saturday 13th May

This is an opportunity for prospective parents to view the whoLe schooL including the Nursery,as weLL as a chance to meet staff and pupils. (No appointment necessary.)

TeLephone 01424 751555 for further informationor visit our website www.cLaremontschooL.co.ukVisits can aLso be arranged at short notice with the Headmaster.

Test 1

Read the following letter and decide which word or phrase (a, b, or c) is missing in items 21-30.Mark your answers on the answer sheet.

Dear Mum and Dad,

It's great to be in Cornwall, El! having spent such a long time stuck in London . I've spent this

week EE all the things I EIl enjoy.

On Tuesday, Mark and I spent the whole day horse riding. We ~ all the way out to that old

barn mthe river and then we had a picnic. On the way home, Mark fell mhis horse three

times. The last time EE happened he fell straight into a stream. He says he will never go riding

with me again!

We've El!] to the beach two or three times. The weather isn't so bad so we are able to go

swimming. The only problem at this time of year is that the beaches are so crowded that it's

almost impossible to find EIJ to sit.

Last night a group of us went to Exeter. We had a beautiful meal in a restaurant near the

cathedral. We all ate far too much.

I'm on volume 4 of Harry Potter, so with one more volume m,I expect to finish by the end of

the month. As you see I'm having a lovely time.

Best wishes,

Susan

El! @] while EE @] to do EIl @] very much

[ill after [ill doing [ill very

[] as [] do [] really

~ @] rode m@] by m@] off[ill cycled [ill at [ill down[] walked [] along [] over

EE @] that El!] @] been

[ill this [ill gone[] it [] travelled

EIJ @] somewhere m@] goes[ill nowhere [ill to go[] everywhere [] will go

21

LANGUAGE~fiEMENTS(Part 2)

Test 1

Read the following text and decide which of the words or phrases (a-o) is missing in items 31-40.Mark your answers on the answer sheet.

The Stone of EloquenceBLarney, of course, is as oLd as our race but it is onLy within comparativeLy modern times that it got

its own shrine in Co. Cork, where the BLarney Stone is the great symboL of the pecuLiar, charming

quaLity of the Irish. It is situated in the Castle of the same name a few miles from Cork city and

every year El! seventy thousand peopLe climb 120 feet to the dizzy battLements to Look EEeLoquence. At times the medievaL winding stair of the Castle is jammed with peopLe going up and

down. As they stand on each other's feet, poke cameras in any availabLe eye, dig eLbows deep into

ribs, it is E!J how eLoquent they can become and they speak of each other with a mthat is

admirabLe even if the choice of Language is occasionally depLorabLe.

The stone mis a bLock 'of Limestone about four foot, one inch Long, one foot, one inch wide

and nine inches ED .There is a chip missing in the front, removed, it is beLieved, by one of

CromweLL's cannon baLLs when his army besieged the pLace.

The vaLue of the stone has been estimated at about ten miLLion pounds and it couLdn't bemmore if it was made of soLid ruby. The vaLue is caLcuLated on the quite vast sums that have been

offered for a brief Loan of the thing.

The question of saLe or Loan is now academic as Sir George CoLthurst, who died in 1951, made the

Irish Government one of the trustees of the stone. It is unLikeLy that any poLitician wouLd run the

EIJ of annoying the pubLic by allowing the precious reLic to Leave IreLand even for a short period.

There are EIJ stories about the origin of the stone. It is said that it is Jacob's Pillow brought back

from the HoLy Land during the Crusades. Some knight packed it~ with his spare suit of armour and

when his wife was unpacking she asked what it was. The ancient knight said, more or Less, that if he

couLd get a few more stones Like it he might build a castLe. It is aLso said that it is a part of the Stone

of Scone or Stone of Destiny which is now incorporated in the Coronation Chair at Westminster.

@] fluency [Q] risk [I] in [ill surprised ~ tall rn some [ill deep

[5] after IT] several rn lots [I] surprising DJ to mfor [ill itself [ill worth

22

You will hear five news items. You will hear each item only once. Then you will have time to answerthe questions.

Decide which headline (a-g) goes with each news item.Mark your answers on the answer sheet.

Now you will have 45 seconds to read the headlines.

Tracks 1-5:

m o [ill School employs guard

~[5J Fate sealed

[] Aid flow begins for Java victims

~ [ill King's execution garter auctioned

~~ New rules welcome

IT] Tube passengers trapped

m [ID B OMB ALERT ON T HE T UBE

23

You will hear a radio interview. First you will have one minute to read the introduction and theitems. Then you will hear the interview. You will hear the interview only once. Then you will havet ime to answer the questions.

Decide if the statement for each of the items is true (+) or not true (-) and mark your answers onthe answer sheet.

Now you will have one minute to read the items.

Track 6:

mThe world didn 't hear about the Romanian orphans before the revolution in 1989.

~ Parents put all their children into orphanages because they were lack of money.

tIJ Children weren't looked after in an appropriate way.

~ In the end, Susan Booth travelled to Bucharest in 1997 and met modern Twist Olivers in aninstitute.

~ Susan was shocked when she realised that a lot of chi ldren lived in the underground pipes.

3J The ragged children didn 't have any relationships with their relatives.

~ There isn't hierarchy among children because everybody is as poor as the other.

~ These children's aims are the same: to stay alive in spite of the hunger, cold andloneliness.

~ Susan Booth didn 't have any difficulties with collecting donations and medical supplies as bigcompanies were will ing to help and an Irish photographer gave her a helping hand.

~ Support ing poor people is so common in the USA that people weren't surprised about Susan'saction .

24

You will hear five short texts. You will hear the texts only once. Then you will have time to answerthe question for each text.

Decide which is the correct answer (a, b or c) for each question and mark your answers on theanswer sheet.

Tracks 7-11:

Your friend is explaining to you how to play a new ball game. It can be played

[§] on your own.

[liJ in pairs with 2 or 3 teams.

[IJ with two players.

You hear the following telephone conversation between a taxi driver and an emergency operator.

What's the problem with the woman with him?

@] she's having a heart attack

[liJ she was hurt in an accident

[IJ she's having a baby

You are a conference organiser and find the following message from a Spanish professor

on your telephone answering machine. When will you put his lecture in the agenda?

@] on Wednesday morning from 10 to 12

[liJ on Wednesday afternoon from 4 to 6 before dinne r party

[IJ on Wednesday afternoon from 3 to 5

You are listening to the radio and hear this advertisement. What's being advertised?

@] house cleaning

[liJ home repair

[IJ carpet cleaning

You are listening to the weather report for 3 days on the radio. When is it going to be dry and sunny?

@] on Sunday and Tuesday

[liJ on Sunday

[IJ every day depending on location

25

Situation 1:You are a Mathematics teacher at a secondary school in Manchester but in Julyyou are going tomove to Kent so you have to look for a new workplace. You have found this advertisement inWealden Advertiser and decided to apply for the job.

Marlborough House SchoollAPS Co Educational 327 Pupils 3-13

Required for September 2006

Mathematics TeacherWe seek an inspirational teacher with great enthusiasmand interpersonal skills to join this thriving andforward-looking school.Departmental responsibility a possibility for the rightcandidate.For further details and an application form, pleasecontact:

Marlborough House SchoolHawkhurst, Cranbrook,

Kent, TN184PYTel: 01580 753555 Fax: 01580 754281

E-mail: [email protected]

Please note that only applications made usingthe schoolsown application form can be accepted.

26

Write a letter of application. Your lettershould contain at least two of the followingpoints and one other aspect:

• Your reason for applying for this job• Your qualification and experience with

this sort of work• Your plans for the future• Why you are the best for this work

Before starting the letter, decide on theorder in which you think the three pointsshould be included as well as anappropriate introduction and close. Includeyour address and the address of theschool, also the reference line, date,salutation and closing formula.

You have 30 minutes to write the letter.Please write 150-200 words.

Situation 2:You see the following information in the British Museum's What's on Magazine.

Friends eventsJoin the British Museum Friends and enjoy aprogramme of special activities for membersincluding lectures, even ing openings and daysout to areas of specia l interest. Friends also getFirst View and free entry to exhibitions courtesy ofthe museum and an annual subscription to theBritish Museum Magazine.

l55, l50, l40 concessions or direct debitTelephone 02073238195/8605friends@thebritishmuse um.ac.ukwww.thebritishmuseum.ac .uk/friends

Young FriendsJoin the Young Friends of the British Museum andenjoy ReMUS the maga zine for Young Friends,sleepovers in the Museum and other specialevents for members aged 8-75.Telephone 020 7323 8605 for details.

First ThursdaysVisit during the evening of the first Thursday in themonth and enjoy free gallery talks, lectures, musicand entry to special exhibitions. The restaurant,cafes and shops in the Great Court remain open.

Prehistoric BritainThe evening events include a lecture and gallerytalks abo ut prehistoric Britain and the Romanoccupation.Thursday 6 May, 17.30-20.30lecture 18.30; gallery talks 18 .30 & 19 .30

Classical myths and legendsThe evening will focus on classical mythologystarting with a lecture and supported by gallerytalks throughout the Museum.Thursday 3 June, 17 .30-20.30lecture 18 .30; gallery talks 18.30 & 19

You and your f riend are interested in th e cultural events organised by the Brit ish Museum andwould like to join the Brit ish Museum Friends Association to be able to get enough informat ionabout t heir programmes. However, you wou ld like to have more deta ils f irst and have decided towr ite to the secretary of the Association to express your interest and ask for more information.

Your letter should contain at least two of the following points and one other aspect:

· Ask about annual membe rship fee• Explain why you would like to join• Ask more info about the events of the next 3 month s· Ment ion your own interest

Before starting the letter, decide on the order in which you think the three points should beincluded as well as an appropriate introduction and close. Include your address, the reference line,date, salutation and closing formula.


27

Test 1

Candidate A/B/(C) - (30-60 seconds in total)

Introduce yourself to your partner. Tell him/her, for example, why you are learning English, whatyour hobbies and leisure interests are or how you have prepared for this examination.

This part of the examination will not be marked.

Candidate A/B/(C) - (2 1/2 minutes per person)

The examiner will invite you to do a short presentation to your partner(s) on one of the followingtopics (the prompts in brackets offer some ideas). The presentation should take about two minutes.After the presentation your partner(s) will ask you some questions.

After your partner has finished his/her presentation you should also ask questions that are ofinterest to you.

You should not interrupt your partner during his/her presentation unless absolutely necessary.

A book that you have read (topic and plot, author, characters , style, your opinion, etc.)

or

A film that you have seen (topic and plot, actors, your opinion etc.)

28

est 1

ndidate A/B/(C) - (2 1/2 minutes per person)

';ead the following text. Discuss the content of the text with your partner.- ", I him/her your opinions, give reasons and personal examples to support your ideas.Talk about

r own experience with the problems mentioned and possible solutions.

Climate Changes Melting Swiss Tourism

John Zarocostas

Over the centuries, Swiss mountain communities such as thesehave proven resourceful in adapting to natural adversities, and inrecent decades, they have turnedthe Alpine beauty into a cash cowby promoting winter sports.

However, the fast pace of modem life is sending worrying signals in the form of dramaticchanges in temperature and climatic conditions in the Alps thatthreaten the annual multimilliondollar winter sports and tourismindustry.

Fearing the worst, some Swisspolicy-makers and business leaders are urging mountain communities to hedge against this risk bydiversifying their economic activity into sports and ventures thatare less dependent on snow.

This majestic region is dominated by roughly 150 squaremiles ofyear-round ice and snow.Scientists think it is highly probable that in the near future - say,around 2050 - the glacier mayshrink to its smallest size since thelate Bronze Age, or even less.

From 1250 B.C. to 1050 R C., theAletsch glacier was at least 1,000yards shorter than it is today.

Bruno Messerli of the Geography Institute at the University ofBern reckons that some of thedriving forces behind the environmental changes detected in theAlps reflect the profound increasein economic activity worldwide.According to academic studies,from 1890 to 1990, the world'shuman population quadrupled,the wor ld economy increasedfourtee n-fold, industrial outputrose by forty times, and energyuse grew thirteen-fold, he said.

In that period, fresh-water useincreased nine-fold, the amount ofland irrigated rose by five times,the cattle population increasedfour-fold, carbon-dioxide emissions increased seventeen-foldand sulfuric-oxide emissions wentup thirteen-fold, Messerli said.

The warmer temperatures arealso posing a problem in terms of"ski security" in the Alps, whichtranslates to having a hundreduninterrupted days with a

mmimum twelve-inch snowcover for winter sports.

"We shou ld take summertourism more seriously again,"Messerli said in an interview. Heconceded that at present, thehundred-day period from Christmas to Easter is when operatorslook to make all their profit forthe year.

Pure air is one of the key sellingpoints ofthe region - in addition tothe mountains and nature - especially in the emerging tourist markets in countries such as China.

Matos-Wasem points out that inthe late nineteenth-century andfirst half of the twentieth-century,breathing fresh air was the drivingforce that spurred the growth ofsanatoriums in the Swiss Alps andother locations, to treat tuberculosis patients, until the invention of streptomycin put the institutions in economic hardship.

Pure alpine air, nevertheless, isstill used as a major selling pointby many hotels, clinics and medical institutions and some privateschools, the researcher said.

29

Candidates A/B/(C)

You and your friends would like to organise a youth club for your schoolmates to be able to spendyour free time in a good way. There is an empty room in the basement of the building and theheadmaster will allow you to use it as a club if you present him a plan how to organise it.

Tell your partner your ideas and try to agree on the following points:

• how to renovate this place

• how to furnish it

• who can use it

• when members can use it

• what kind of programmes you will organise

• how to collect money for this project

• who you will invite to take part in this project

30

;;. .r:

READING COrvlPREHENSION (Part J)

Fi rst read the ten headlines (a-j). Then read the five texts (1-5) and decide which text goes best withwhich headline. Mark your answers on the answer sheet in the boxes 1-5.

~ Almost sticky situation

E First to see the Light

1] IT CAN ONLY GET HOTrER

JD Available Only From Nature

]J Greenhouse effect causes climate change

]] Prime ministe r to taLk about the future

:ID HOUSE PRICE BOOM TO GO ON

JlJ Alcohol tax to be increased

OJ Who is going to buy houses?

IT] Illegal booze trade on the rise?

oWITH 15 days to go, 1999 could be about to breakall t ime temperature records. Scientists at theMeteorology Service and South State"Univers itysaid yesterday it could be the warmest ye ar forthe country since records began in the capital in1794 - unless the cold snap continues.

"Seven of the top 10 hottest years were in the1990s," said Paul jonathan of the climate researchcentre last night. "The other three were in thelate 1980s."

The world over, researchers have studied treerings, ice cores, coral growths and historicalrecords for clues to past temperatures. These tellthe same story: this has been the warmest decadefor 1,000 years.

In 1999 temperatures have been above averageevery month, except June. The hottest year was1990, but 1999 could still beat it. "It depends on

how long this cold snap lasts," said Dr jonathan ."It's what we would expect as a res ult of

continued gree nhouse gas build-up an d forcing ofthe climate system by this hum an input in to theatmosphere," he added.

Last year was, globally, the hottest for theplanet. Climate scientists blamed it on El Nino,the cyclic bubble of heat that appearedmysteriously in the Pacific, distorting weatherpatterns and triggering floods in normally dryregions, and droughts in rainforest areas. El Ninowas followed by a rapid dip in Pacifictemperatures, called La Nina.

Daniel Parkinson of the Meteorology Servicesaid: "Our forecast for 2000 shows a highprobability of it being warmer than 1999, as thecold Pacific slowly warms again naturally, butonly a low probability of beating the 1998 record."

31

ElTHE bacterium Caulobacter crescentus uses the toughest glue on Earth to stick to river rocks, and nowscientists are trying to figure out how to produce the stuff.

The adhesive can withstand an enormous amount of stress, equal to the force felt by a quarter with morethan three cars piled on top of it. That' s two to three times more force than the best retail glues can handle.

The single-celled bacterium uses sugar molecules to stay put in rivers, streams, and water pipes, a newstudy found. It's not clear how the glue actually works, however, but researchers presume some specialproteins must be attached to the sugars.

"There are obvious applications since this adhes ive works on wet surfaces," said study leader MarkBrickwall, an Alamo University bacteriologist. "One possibility would be as a biodegradable surgical adhesive."

Engineers could use the superior stickum too, Brickwall and colleagues say.But making it ha s proved challenging. Like a mess of chewing gum, the gunk globs to everything ,

including the tools used to create it."We tri ed washing the glue off," Brickwall said. "It didn't work."

oCROSS-BORDER beer smuggling is one of the fastestgrowing retail businesses in the country, accordingto a survey.

More than 100,000 vans are estimated to havemade the crossing stacked with illegal beer importsfrom the neighbouring countries in the past year 12%up on 1998 and double the number in 1993when the European single market was formed.

Buying cheap du ty-paid bee r in these countri es,where tax levels are around one eighth of domesticrates, is no t illegal if the beer is for person alconsumption. But importing for resale issmuggling, and the National Revenue and CustomsAuthority believes "van man" smuggling ha sreached record levels. The NRCA says it operates

undercover surveillance of smugglers at bordersand beli eves they are becoming more sophisticatedas customs officers attempt to clamp down on thetrade. It says smugglers are using less conspicuousvehicles like people carriers and estate cars.

NRCA estimates 11,500 beer-car ryin g vehiclesa year head for the capital and that the next mostpopular destination is major cities , with ne arly7,000 vans a year.

An NRCA spokesman said: "The beer-runners arewe ll-organized and are cheating the country out ofmillions of Euros of taxes, and with such a mas siverise in the number of vans in 1999 the market forthe selling of this beer must be on e of the fastestgrowing retail sectors."

HOUSE prices will continue to run ah ead of wages and inflation next year with average pric es leapingby 11%in 2000, according to forecasts published tod ay by NBS building society.

News of the con tinuously rising house prices is exp ected to be accompanied today by reforms from thedepartment of trade and industry, which are likely to include measures preventing lenders making itcompulsory for borrowers to buy insurance with their mortgages.

The government had a me eting with mortgage lenders this week and is expe cted to call anothermortgage "summit" next month as part of its strategy to end "rip-off customers" and bring mortgagesunder the remit of the City regulator, the financial services authority. House prices rose by around 13.5%in 1999, according to NBS, and the increasingly buoyan t economic outlook will sustain confidence in themarket in 2000, it says. The fore cast is backed by Colonial Properties, which yesterday predicted thathouse prices will rise by 10%in 2000.

A 10%increase will add an extra €7,500 to the pric e of the average house in th e country, bringing it toaround €82,700. In the capital, where average prices are closer to €133,000, the forecast increase will take

32

prices to €142 ,000. But NBS expects the biggest increases to come outside the capital. "During 2000 thenorthern and western housing markets, which have this year been held back by the slum p inmanufacturing, are likely to see prices grow more closely in line with the average," it says. However,Colonial Properties, although expecting a "more even " na tional pattern, believes the capital will continueto lead the way in percentage increases.

The only factor holding back price increases will be further interest rate increases. with economistspredicting that mortgage rates could rise from their present level to a peak of 8%.

oTHERE is clearly som ething a bit spe cial aboutKaiuli Beach . Whether it is som ething in thewinds, or in the seas. or in the stars. is ha rd to say.But special it undoubtedly is. For this short strip ofcoastal land on the edge of the city of Glancemourhas two huge claims to fame.

For centuries. Kaiuli Beach has be en at thecrossroads of New Zealand's sometimes bittermulti-racial hi story, the place wh ere, in a very realsense, the who le country began. But in only a fewweeks' time. the beach and the whole Glancemourarea will also become one of the focal points ofthe planet, as Glancemour becomes the first cityin the world to greet the dawn of the newmi llennium.

Every day in the world's easternmost city, thesun comes up ou t of the Pacific "like a ba ll of fir efrom th e ocean." as Walgreen puts it - the Maori

name for the district, Tarau whiti, means "the coas tupon which the sun sh ines across the waters". OnJanuary 1, 2000. therefore. midway through thesouthern hemisphere summer, Glan cemour gets tolaunch the first party of the millennium. It will doso at about the time that people in wintry Europeare still wa tch ing the dying light of 1999 and whilethose in America are still eating their fin al lunchesof the 20th century.

At 5.39 a.m ., the sun will st rike the sum mit ofMount Haikurengi, some 80 miles to the north ofGlancemour. Seven minutes later. the firs t rays ofthe new century will break across the ocean and bevisible from the city of Glancemour itself. "Ourcountry and our pe ople will quite lit erally be fir stto the future." says Prime Ministe r jeremy Stanleyin some of the mountains of promotional materi alto mark the country's moment in the sun .

33


RENEWABLE ENERGYWhether we are switching thelight on, drying our hair, using themicrowave or working on ourcomputers, energy is an essentialof modem life. We use it everyday in most of the things we do. Itcreates convenience and comfort,helps keep us healthy and entertained. Our civilisation wouldcollapse without it.

Yet there is also a heavy price.Traditional methods of powergeneration have created a legacyof acid rain, oil spills and despite billions of pounds ofresearch - nuclear waste, issuesall of which need to be considered. That price never appearson the quarterly bill. Renewableenergy comes from differentsources that will remainsustainable long after fossil fuelssimply disappear. Photovoltaiccells that convert our sunlight intoelectricity, wind turbines thatexploit climate , hydro-powerwhich captures energy fromfalling water, and wave powerwhich captures energy from therise and fall of tides are some ofthe main sources.

Wind and water power are wellestablished although such sources currently provide only 2% ofBritain's electricity. Yet renewable energy now meets approximately 20% of the world's

34

electricity needs; this could riseto 30-45% by the year 2025.There is a huge potential for theeffective use of renewablesources of energy in this country,but its implementation is poor.

What are the costs ofusing nonrenewable sources?

Most serious ofall would be'thecontribution to climate change.Wehave been continuouslypumping a large amount of carbondioxide and other gases into theatmosphere. The gases unlockedby burning the coal which fuelledthe industrial revolution areaugmented by the steadilyincreased burning of other fossilfuels, such as oil and natural gas,just like other carbon dioxideemissions, such as from carexhaust gases. The carbon dioxide creates a blanket aroundthe earth . Heat which wouldnormally disappear into spacecan 't escape , and is reflectedback to be soaked up by the seasand oceans. Our world getshotter. This is called the Greenhouse Effect. Is it a coincidencethat 11 of the 12 hottest years onrecord have occurred since 1980,with 1998 the hottest year eyerrecorded and 1999 set to be in thetop 10?

Europe has seen the averagetemperature increase by 0.8°C

this century, and the WorldHealthOrganisation warned in July tlfatglobal warming could result inmosquitoes spreading diseaseslike malaria and encephalitisthrough the northern hemisphere,

Exceptional weather thissummer in New York City createdperfect breeding conditions .formosquitoes and helicopters wereused to spray the entire city withinsecticide. Large parts of European countries suffered theirworst floods ever last year. Thegovernment has recognisedclimate change as one of thegreatest environmental < threatsfacing the world today; Thegovernment's chief scientist saysthe Gulf Stream, which makesBritain's climate so benign,could be haIted. Nowhere isimmune. In the Arctic, wheretemperatures are higher than atany time during the last twocenturies, the ice keeps melting.Wildlife can't adapt fast enough,and polar bears, walruses andwhales are losing their feedinggrounds. Marine biologistsreported in July that most of theworld's coral reefs could diewithin the next century. Withpredictions of global temperatures rising by a further 3-4°Cover the next century, worse islikely to be in store.

Now decide which is the correct answer (a, b or c) to the items 6-10 and mark your answers on theanswer sheet.

The implementation of renewable sources

@] is not as efficient as it could be.

lli] needs more money.

[I] has huge potentials.

DThe carbon dioxide blanket

@] protects the Earth from space radiation.

[li] does not let hot air out to the space.

[I] was created by the Greenhouse Effect.

[]The temperature in Europe

@] has been changing coincidentally lately.

lli] broke records in 1980.

[I] has increased by almost r-e in average.

Britain's climate

@] is changing rapidly resulting changes in wildlife.

lli] is mild because of the Gulf Stream.

[I] suffers from the melting ice.

In the following century

@] marine biologists will have to save coral reefs.

lli] temperature around the globe might rise a further 3-4°C.

[I] scientists will look for solutions to global warming.

35

" First read the items (11-20) then read the text. Decide which part of the text (a-I) contains theinformation in each of the items. Each part of the text may only be used once.

Domestic specialties for the whole country

The current culinary masterpieces

The reason why we can take it home from the supermarket

Wide range of selection for every taste

Nothing compares to the original

The only real thing

Back to the roots

Where does it come from?

Tribute to the First Lady

You can be thankful for the poor

There are not too many nations that can say their national dish has become an internatio aphenomenon. Italy has two such dishes, pasta and of course pizza. In America pizza usually fal c

into two categories: thick and cheesy Chicago style or thin and more traditional New York pizza.In Ita ly pizza also falls into two distinct categories: Italian pizza and the rest of the world. It mig seem silly considering the basic ingredients, but one taste of a true Italian pizza and that's it. 0

will never feel the same about this simple and delicious food again.Pizza in its most basic form as a seasoned flatbread has a long history in the Mediterranea .Several cultures including the Greeks and Phoenicians ate a flatbread made from flour and wat e .The dough would be cooked by placing on a hot stone and then seasoned with herbs. The Greecalled this early pizza "plankuntos" and it was basically used as an edible plate when eating stewsor thick broth. It was not yet what we would call pizza today but it was very much like modefocaccia. These early pizzas were eaten from Rome to Egypt to Babylon and were praised by eancient historians Herodotus and Cato the Elder.The word "pizza" is thought to have come from the Latin word "pinsa". meaning flatbread (althougthere is much debate about the origin of the word). A legend suggests that Roman soldiers gainea taste for Jewish Matzoth while stationed in Roman occupied Palestine and developed a simifood after returning home. However, a recent archaeological discovery has found a preserved Bro nzeAge pizza in the Veneto region. By the Middle Ages these early pizzas started to take on a moremodern look and taste. The peasantry of the time used what few ingredients they could get t heirhands on to produce the modern pizza dough and topped it with olive oil and herbs.

36

]J The introduction of the Indian Water BuffaLo gave pizza another dimension with the production ofmozzarella cheese. Even today, the use of fresh mozzarella di buffaLo in ItaLian pizza cannot besubstituted. While other cheeses have made their way onto pizza (usually in conjunction withfresh mozzarella), no ItaLian Pizzeria wouLd ever use the dried shredded type used on so manyAmerican pizzas.

~ The introduction of tomatoes to ItaLian cuisine in the 18th and earLy 19th centuries finaLLy gaveus the true modern ItaLian pizza. Even though tomatoes reached ItaLy by the 1530s it was wideLythought that they were poisonous and were grown onLy for decoration. However, the innovative(and probabLy starving) peasants of NapLes started using the supposedLy deadLy fruit in many oftheir foods, including their earLy pizzas. Since that fatefuL day the worLd of ItaLian cuisine wouLdnever be the same, however, it took some time for the rest of society to accept this crude peasantfood. Once members of the LocaL aristocracy tried pizza they couLdn't get enough of it, which bythis time was being soLd on the streets of NapLes for every meal.

~ As pizza popuLarity increased, street vendors gave way to actuaL shops where peopLe couLd ordera custom pizza with many different toppings. By 1830 the "Antica Pizzeria Port'ALba" of NapLeshad become the first true pizzeria and this venerabLe institution is still producing masterpieces.The popuLar pizza Margherita owes its name to ItaLy's Queen Margherita who in 1889 visited thePizzeria Brandi in NapLes. The PizzaioLi (pizza maker) on duty that day, RafaeLe Esposito created apizza for the Queen that contained the three coLors of the new ItaLian flag. The red of tomato,white of the mozzarella and fresh green basil was a hit with the Queen and the rest of the worLd.NeapoLitan styLe pizza had now spread throughout ItaLy and each region started designing theirown versions based on the ItaLian cuLinary ruLe of fresh, LocaL ingredients.

:ID The Pizza Margherita may have set the standard, but there are numerous popuLar varieties of pizzamade in ItaLy today. Pizza from a Pizzeria is the recognized round shape, made to order and aLwayscooked in a wool fired oven. RegionaL varieties are aLways worth trying such as Pizza Marinara, atraditionaL NeapoLitan pizza that has oregano, anchovies and Lots of garLic. Pizza NapoLi: tomatomozzareLLa and anchovies. Capricciosa: a topping of mushrooms, Prosciutto, artichoke hearts,oLives and a boiLed egg. Pizza PugLiese makes use of the LocaL capers and oLives of the area whilePizza Veronese has mushrooms and tender Prosciutto crudo. Pizzas from SiciLy can have numeroustoppings ranging from green olives, seafood, hard-boiled eggs and peas.

::5J Besides regionaL styLes there are severaL varieties that are popuLar throughout ItaLy. Quattro Formagiuses a four cheese combination using fresh mozzareLLa and three LocaL cheeses such as gorgonzoLa,ricotta and parmigiano-reggiano. ItaLian tuna packed in oLive oiL is aLso a popuLar topping aLongwith other marine products Like anchovies, shellfish and shrimp. Quattro Stagioni is a pizza (simiLarto the Capricciosa) that represents the four seasons and makes a good sampLer pizza with sectionsof artichokes, saLami or Prosciutto cotto. mushrooms, and tomatoes. In Liguria you may find pizzatopped with basiL pesto and no tomato sauce. Of course there are hundreds more to discover andaLL of them are delicious, not to mention the other members of the pizza family.

JJ In the past few years a pizza with pomodoro pachino and rughetta (cherry tomato and aruguLa)became extremeLy popuLar. ALso mozzarella di bufaLa is becoming the choice for better pizza. Othertypes of pizza: pizza aL tagLio aLso known as pizza rustica is soLd everywhere in ItaLy, usually byweight and often piled with marinated mushrooms, onions or artichokes. This styLe of pizza iscooked on a sheet pan at street staLLs and makes a good quick Lunch. Focaccia resembLes theearLiest pizzas being without tomatoes or cheese but covered in oLive oil, carameLized onions andother savory toppings. Sfincione is a thick Sicilian sheet pizza that uses tomato sauce, anchovies(usually anchovy paste) breadcrumbs and caciocavaLLo (or another LocaL variety) cheese.

37

IT] ItaLian caLzones are (no surprise here!) smaller than their American cousins and are often fiLLedwith either meats or fresh vegetabLes (a favorite is spinach) and mozzareLLa. A newer Line ofdesserts gaining popuLarity is the emergence of sweet pizzas and traditionaL ItaLian pizzerias aretrying to accommodate this trend by using unique ingredients. These dessert pizzas often haveflavor combinations such as NuteLLa, honey, fruit jam, yogurt, even mustard and Liquor.

[K] One thing to keep in mind when ordering pizza in an ItaLian pizzeria is that the product is personaLsize. Each person at a tabLe shouLd order their own individuaL pizza - one bite will expLain why.In certain areas outside ItaLy, there are a few PiazzioLi who keep to their homeLand traditions asbest they can with the ingredients they have, but it really isn't the same. In the end there is nogoing back once you try a reaL ItaLian pizza, no deLivery or frozen product will ever stimuLate yourtaste buds the way a reaL pizza wiLL.rn And there is frozen pizza too but usuaLLy it doesn't even come close to the reaL thing. The firstfrozen pizza in the worLd was set right just for an air-shipment in the Second WorLd War. FrancisFerrari, an ItaLian-American from Newark, got a Letter from his brother Fred who was fighting forthe marines saying "If I couLd have a pizza Like the one which mama made at home, I wouLd putup with aLL the sufferings". After many attempts, Francis managed to invent a pizza, which couLdendure the air-voyage and reach the marines who were fighting against the Japanese. Coming backfrom the war, Fred, fed on frozen pizzas, set up together with his brother a society for spreadingthe noveLty aLL over the worLd.

Justin Demetri, LifeinitaLy.com


Dear Sir or Madam,

First off aLL I want to thank you for aLL your heLp El! pLanning our trip to PaLermo. What a

great experience! The HoteL Olive Garden was a great hotel. The Location was perfect for us and

the staff were so friendLy and heLpfuL.

The restaurant at the hoteL was exceLLent. The hoteL staff at the front desk were extremeLy

heLpfuL in showing us on maps how to get to pLaces and where to go. We went to Piana and

Reggiota and they EE the trip.

38

Even though we had the 2-bedroom apartment we decided to change after the 2nd night

because of the road noise. We're not quite EI] the traffic noise, Serdina is a very busy city. The

staff changed our rooms to 2 single rooms~ price in .a quieter part of the hotel. It was

perfect after that. We met a lot of great people who helped us when language was a problem but

other than that we E1j with our English. I'm surprised how well they know the language. The

city is beautiful and the food was great.

We also met people who had been there before and told us what to see. One was the market in

Pesidera. What a ED place! I bought salami and sausage there. I loved the buildings too. Our

taxi driver who picked us up at the airport was a treasure. He was waiting for us at the airport

EE we were a bit late and was on time (6:00 a.m.) to bring us back. What a wonderful

experience we had in a country I never thought I EIJ go to. Your help has made the

experience go smoothly and we EIJ that a great deal. I EIlJ everyone about the trip and

how beautiful Pa lermo is and about the service you provided.

Thanks again for all your help and the services you provided.

Yours truly,

Jim Osbourne

EI! [ill to EE [ill were worth EI] [ill use to

[Q] in [Q] worth [Q] used to

[g for [g did worth [g used

~ [ill on the same E1j [ill got on ED [ill remarkably

[Q] the [Q] got well [Q] remarks

[g for the same [g got by [g remarkable

EE [ill but EIJ [ill will

[Q] even though [Q] would

[g thus [g did

EIJ [ill appreciate EIlJ [ill speak

[Q] apprehend [Q] say

[g apprentice [g te ll

39


Turtle CareLike many other reptiles and amphibians, turtles aremto children. However, many people buy

turtles based on their "novelty factor," never taking into account the animal's special needs. When

you purchase a cat or a dog, there are always several costly procedures that must be taken to

ensure their good health and longevity; shots, operations, etc., not to mention crates, toys, dog

houses, and grooming products. Turtles aren't as complicated to care EE,but many die in

captivity because they aren't treated with the same degree of care and attention as their fur

bearing counterparts. If they are properly cared for, turtles can live for many decades, but this

requires you to pay close attention to their diets, living arrangements, and treatment.

Making sure a turtle has enough room to live in, making sure it has enough light, shade, an"d

moisture, clean water, and a basking lamp are just a few of the steps you need to undertake to

keep your pet turtles healthy.

In some cases, people choose to try and El] a turtle's natural habitat as authentic as possible,

and this sometimes means setting up a turtle pen outside. Doing so means your turtle will

hibernate in the fall, which is great if you plan to breed turtles, since their natural cycles aren't

being tampered with. Also, turtles which do not hibernate have been known tomliver diseases.

If you have small children, it would be best to make sure they do notmturtles attempting to

hibernate by digging them out. This also means you won't be seeing your turtle until late spring,

when it comes out of hibernation.

Some people use refrigerators to try and recreate ideal conditions for the turtles to hibernate.

This practice is not recommended for the simple reason that in the event of a power ED,or a

sudden rise in temperature, the turtle's slumber will be interrupted, and in some cases, that could

be fatal. It is best not to let your turtle hibernate at all if you are planning on keeping it indoors.

When you keep a turtle indoors, it is important to consider the following: Your turtle's tank EEmust be at least 40 gallons. There must be enough room to put a land area, and a water area. Your

turtle should also have a place where it can bask in the heat of a sun lamp.

40

The ideal temperature for your turtle's habitat depends greatly on the breed, as terrestrial turtles

can maintain body heat longer than ED turtles. In general, keep the tank around 800 during the

daytime and 700 at night. It is a good idea not to take the turtle out of its tank to show itpff or

pl~y with it. These EIJ changes in temperature can affect the~ system of reptiles, since they

are cold-blooded animals and take longer to adjust to the changes.

[JJ immune[5] fascinating[gJ excited [] are building

rn sudden

[I] for

[ill make

[ill about

[DJ fluent

[ill aquatic[g disturb

[ill] developrn failure

[Q] capacity@] mistake




Tracks 12-16:

m @] New regulations for the city

G[Q] C H ICA GO W ELCOMES PAHTI ES

~ [g Less income for businesses

~ [ill No one got hurt

~[ill Deadly railway accident

rn Not much help from weather

mG [gJ New safety measures by City Council

41

You will hear a report. First you will have one minute to read the introduction and the items. Thenyou will hear the report. You will hear the report only once. Then you will have time to answer thequestions.



Track 17:

mThe major reason of crashes is speeding.

~ Michael did not have a valid driving license.

[J He did not let a black car pass him.

~ After losing control over his car, he fell down on another road.

~ He forgot to use his seat belt.

~ Even the safety featu res of modern cars can't save us in high-speed crashes.

~ [ason drives 80 and picks up the speed of traffic.

~ Ten years ago the police started giving tickets over 65 mph.

~ According to Mr. Leech people always tend to drive over the speed limit.

~ Radardetectors are legal everywhere so drivers know where they can speed.

42



Tracks 18-22:

In India there is a gesture

@] with an opposite meaning.

lE] with a negative meaning.

~ with a different meaning.

To remember a dream

~ we have to be a good sleeper.

J2] we usually have to wake up.

~ it has to be something we are afraid of.

The meteorite incident

~ was life-threatening and caused injuries.

iliJ can bring money to the family.

[IJ triggered the introduction of new safety measures by the authorities.

Strawberries

~ were grown by Native Americans as early as in the 17th century.

lE] brought good luck to the newly-weds, according to the Romans.

[IJ were brought to America by European settlers in the 16th century.

Originally, Thanksgiving dinner

@] consisted of turkey, cranberry sauce and mashed potatoes.

lliJ could not have been served with potatoes.

[IJ was only eaten by Native Americans.

43

Situation 1:Your workplace is planning a staff get-together to celebrate a successful year. It is your responsibilityto organise everything, including food, programmes, etc., and you find the following flyer.

Perfect Catering is a full service Event Planning Company offering you a personalizedapproach to the important details that will make your corporate event a joy and a wonderfulmemory.

Our goal is to provide your event with the very best in dependable top quality planningwhile maintaining sensitivity to your budget. We are dedicated to making every event afulfilled success.

Grand OpeningsQuarterly Incentives

Staff PicnicsHoliday Celebrations

Yacht CruisesTheme Parties

Packages are available with entertainment, decorations, giveaways, locations, and all setups.Call for locations throughout major cities or choose your own location. We will make all thearrangements for on-site and off-site events.Our well-trained employees are friendly, enthusiastic and dedicated to making your eventmemorable.

We would be delighted to customize a package tailored to your exact needs and within yourbudget. Please call or contact us for a price quote.

At Your Service

1967 Pacific Boulevard. Suite AWinter Park. FL 32792Phone: 407·555·3516

Write an inquiry letter to the company above.Your letter should contain at least two of the following points and one other aspect:

• What you expect from the service• Details of your plans regarding the party• Your special requests and wishes (preferences/disl ikes)• Ask for references from the company

Before starting the letter, decide on the order in which you think the three points should beincluded as well as an appropriate introduction and close. Include your address and the address ofthe company, date, salutation and closing formula.


44

Situation 2:You find the following advertisement in a newspaper.

8rig"t Future International Yout" Festival 2006Bright Future Youth Festival- the World Festival of Youth Arts - is one of the highlights of London's cultural calendar andis the major summer arts event in England.

Celebrating the best youth ta lent from all over the world, the Festival brings London to life with 10 days of dazzl ingentertainment, music, theatre and dance kicking off with a colourful grand parade th rough the city centre. With events takingplace throughout London there is something for everyone, from orchestral concerts to steel drums, song recitals and massedchoirs to traditional music, ballet to African dance and drumming, as well as critically acclaimed opera productions andspecial events for children.

Youth orchestras, choirs, music groups, dance and theatre groups can apply to take part in the Festival by sending us anapplication form and a recording of a recent performance. Groups must be of amateur status and made up of young peoplenot over the age of 25 years. The Festival also offers a programme of summer schools, projects and workshops that involveloca lyoung people.

From dance and trad itional music summer schools, workshops instreet dance, a copella, theatre and copoiera, a regionalorchestra and music projects as diverse as producing opera with young singers from around the world to a choral music inLondon primary schools, there are many ways to get involved in the Festiva l.

For more details please contact Rick DesotoBright Future Youth FestivalP.O. Box 72519London SW1 4AB

You are interested in the festiva l and would like to show your talent to the world. You decide towrite a letter to the contact person because you would like to have more details. Write a letter toRick Desoto and express your interest in the programme.


· Ask what the management can provide during the festival· Give details about your planned performance· Ask for more information about the festival· Write your expectations of the festival

Before starting the letter, decide on the order in which you think the three points should beincluded as well as an appropriate introduction and close. Include your address and the address ofthe festival organiser, also the date, salutation and closing formula.


45








A song or album you have listened to (music, style, lyrics, etc.)

or

A concert or musical performance you have seen (music, actors/actresses , topic, etc.)

46

Test 2


Read the following text from a magazine. Discuss the content of the text with your partner.Tell him/her your opinions, give reasons and personal examples to support your ideas. Talk aboutyour own experience with the problems mentioned and possible solutions.

Children and Video GamesVideo games were introduced in 1973 and can be played on many types of platforms, notonly on computers and on home consoles connected to TV sets, but in arcades, on mobilephones, Palm Pilots, and handheld devices.The computer and video game industry is a billion-dollar industry in almost everydeveloped country, with global estimates of $172 billion by 2007.

PrevaLence• According to an international survey by the

NIMF (National Institute on Media and theFamily), 92% of children and adolescentsages 2-17 play video games.

• Almost three-fifth of all children ages 3-18live in a household with a video gamesystem.

• A third of all children between 3-18 havegame consoles in their bedrooms. Bycomparison, 50% have a TV, 25% have aVCR and 18% have a computer in theirroom.

Preferences• Among 3-18 year olds, the most popular

genres that dominate kids' video gameplaying are action or combat (43%), sports(42%), and adventure (38%).

• Among kids ages 7-18, boys are much morelikely to play action than girls (52% v. 29%)or simulation (13% v. 4%) video games.

• Simple entertaining games, where the mainaction does not include fighting ordestruction are more popular - especiaLLyamong girls - as children get older.

Amount of Time Spent PLaying• A major study indicates that between ages

3-18 children spend, on average, between20-33 minutes a day playing video games.

• How much time t hey spend playing videogames varies by age. 3-7 year-olds spend 9minutes a day, 8-14 year-olds spend 34minutes a day, and 15-18 year-olds spend22 minutes a day playing video games.

• 30% of aLL children (2-18) will play somekind of video game on any given day; theyspend - in average - a little bit over anhour (1:07) playing.

• Boys definitely spend more time playingvideo games than girls, regardless of age(45% v.16%).

• Boys between ages 7-13 (UTweensU) spendthe most time playing video games, onaverage playing peaks at 49 minutes a day.

• Playing video games is an activity thatkids tend to do alone, even more thanwatching TV.

47

Candidates A/B/(C)

You and your partner have to move to another city for one year, and you want to rent a place whereyou can live.

First decide on your ideas regarding the move.


• any necessary arrangements you have to make before leaving

• what personal belongings you will take with you

• how much you can afford to spend on rent

• how to find your temporary home

• what type of place to look for

• how to select your temporary home (requirements, preferences)

• your own ideas about anything else you think is important

48

Test 3


~ Baby boom in zoo

:liJ Who pays for air poLLution?

~ NEW T ECH NO LO GY INVENT ED TO CLEAN MARBLE

JIJ Walkout hits Jobcentres

]] Parthenon restorers to use lasers

]] Rare ChameLeons eye a brighter future at zoo

~ H EBERLE' S AGONY - TO LEAVE O R NOT TO LEAVE

JJJ Trainer quits after wretched six months

JJ Lead test for smelter kids

JJ Civil servants and factory workers claim higher salary together

EXPERTShoping to restore some ofthe ancient glory of the Acropolisin Athens have decided to usemodern laser techniques to cleanaway pollution from the 2,500year-old Parthe non Marbles.

Using a new technology thatcombines lasers withmicrowaves, restorers hope toclean 16 remaining figures thatonce adorned the Parthenon intime to display the sculptures forthe 2004 Olympics. The statuary

is a series of sculptures in a friezethat once adorned the uppersections of the Parthenon inAthe ns. Sixteen segments remainin Greece, while 17 are at theBritish Museum in London andare also called the Elgin Marbles.

"It will be done with apionee ring method th at is beingput into effect - maybe for thefirst time - with lasers, but alsowith a combination of twomicrowaves ," says Maria

Ioannidou, head of the Acropolismonuments' restoration team. Ms.Ioannidou says it will be the firsttime lasers and microwaves areused together for such cleaning.

After two years of practising onothe r marbles, the Cen tralArchaeological Council rece ntlygave approval for the method.Experts hope to begin using it asearly as next mo nth. The cleaningwill take about 11 months foreach of the marbl es.

49

ElSYDNEY'STaronga ZOO has unveiled the latestadditions to its spring baby boom: bright-greenveiled chameleons . Taronga took charge of abreeding pair of veiled chameleons, which ar enative to the oases across the deserts of Yemen andSaudi Arabia, in 2004.

The female laid eigh t eggs at the zoo six monthsago but died sho rtly afterwards. Four of the eggshatched last month, and the youngsters wereunveiled to the public yesterday. They have alreadydoubled in size to 5cm in length, living on a diet ofday-old crickets. "They eat all day," said reptilemanager Peter Harlow. To breed one of the world'smo st intriguing species, the veiled cham eleon, is ahuge ach ievement. "They could do quite well in the

D

Australian climate, but it' s a very long process toim port them. They have to go throug h medical andsecurity checks, and get approval from all the stateand federal govern ments."

If they' re happy, the young chameleons ar e apastel green colour. When angry, ups et orthreatened, they turn a dark olive-green. As theyage, their range of colours expands. The adults area mixture of red, green, grey, yellow and black."You can tell when they're cold, hungry or happy,"Mr Harlow said. "From the day they hatch, theyhave the ability to change colour."

Chamele ons are vulnerable to habitat loss ,becau se many populations have evolved in smallisolated pockets and are unable to relocate.

TRICIA HEBERLE, the Great Britain and Eng land women's coach, has resigned and will leave the post atthe beginning ofJuly. The former Australia defender ha s paid the price after Britain's failure to qualify forthe Athens Olympics.

Heberle, 45, said she had agonised over the deci sion. ,,1need to be pas sion ate and motivated about whatI do," she said. "At some point you have to get off the merry-go-round. I loved the job and did my best but,principally, I just want qu ality of life."

After restoring the England squad's battered morale in the wake of the disastrous Sydney 2000 cam paign ,Hebe rle 's communication skills and commitment helped to tra nsform the training programme and withina year England were ranked in the top six in the world. They won gold medals at the 2001 World Cupqualifying tournament and 2002 Champions Challenge , and the silver at the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

Heberle has had a wretched six months that saw the deaths of both her parents, England's formdeclining and Britain's Olympic failure.

50

UP TO 100,000 governmentworkers went on strikeyesterday in one of the worstdays of industrial unrest in CivilService history.

Picket lines for med outsideJobcentres, benefit offices,prisons and gove rnmentdepartments in a walk-out overpay that hit the Depa rtment ofWork and Pens ions, the PrisonService and the Office ofNational Statistics.

The biggest action involved90,000 workers at the DWP.They were joined in a 48-hour

D

CIVILSERVICE

st rike by 4,500 prison workersand 1,700 members of staff atthe ONS.

Mark Serwotka, generalsecretary of the Public andCommercial Services Union,which re presen ts all thestrik ing workers, said : "Ratherthan attempt to find acompromise to deal with theissue of low pay, seniormanagement prefer the bully-

boy tactics of imposing divisivebonus schemes and real-termpay cuts."

The union says thousands ofworkers earn less than £11,000a year. The average UK wage isnow £25,170.

The DWP could not say howJobcentres and benefit officeswe re being affected.

But a spokeswoman added:"Our pay offer is wo rth morethan five per cent on averageand, for many of the lowestpaid, it is worth between eightand nine per cent."

QUEENSLAND health authorities are testing 400childre n in Mt Isa for exposure to lead from thetown's giant smelters. "It' s important to measurethe blood-lead levels of young children in Mt Isa,due to its industry and location in a highly minerali sed area," regional dire ctor of environmentalhealth services John Piispanen said. "Childhoodexposure to lead can have harmful effects onintellectual deve lopme nt and cau se behaviouralproblems ."

Political considerations had been blamed for preventing the introduction of air-quality monitoring andmandatory health checks at Mt Isa's two smelters. TheAustralian revealed earlier that a senior manager at theQueensland Environment Protection Agency blamedpolitical considerations for preventing the introductionof air-quality monitoring and mandatory communityhealth checks at Mt Isa's smelters, the largest source oflead emissions in Australia. Mass screening has notbeen completed for at least five years.

51

Test 3

READING COMPREHENSION (Part 2)


Clueless parents ask schools to set a child's bedtimeSome parents are so reluctant totake responsibility for raising theirchildren that they want headmasters to set bedtimes. Four inten believe schools should stipulate when their youngsters go tobed, according to a survey. Theresearch follows a warning from aheadmasters' leader earlier thisweek that millions of middle-classchildren are underperformingbecause their parents are too softto impose rules . The growingtrend means many spoilt childrenturn up at school 'unfit to learn'and even fall asleep at their desksbecause their parents are tooafraid to enforce bedtimes.

The survey of 500 parents ofchildren aged 5 to 16 for TheTimes Educational Supplementshows 40 per cent believe schoolsshould issue guidelines aboutacceptable bedtimes. Some havemanaged to pressure heads intodoing this already, with 9 per centof parents saying their schoolsrecommend bedtimes or minimumhours of sleep. About a fifth ofparents said their children had lostsleep in the last month. After baddreams and worries about homework, watching television andstaying out late were the mostcommon causes. Almost 70 percent of children had TV sets intheir bedroom, with almost half of5 to 7-year-olds having their own

52

set. The figure rises to 85 per centfor 14 to 16-year-olds.

Children with a television intheir bedroom slept for half anhour less on average than thosewithout, the research revealed.This is because after finally goingto bed, children generally do notput out the light for a further 15 to30 minutes, with some still uptwo hours later. One in threewatches TV, one in four watchesDVDs or videos, one in eightaccesses the Internet and one inten plays computer games. Thoseaged 14 to 16 are more likely tobe doing these activities.

3 per cent of parents admittedthey did not know what time theirchildren finally put out theirlights. Almost one in five childrenset their own bedtimes, mainlythose at Key Stage Three (ages 11to 14) and Key Stage Four (ages14 to 16). Two out of three KeyStage One children (ages 5 to 7)go to bed by 8 p.m. but a few stayup beyond 9 p.m. Key Stage Twochildren (ages 7 to 11) usually goto bed between 7.45 p.m. and 9p.m. but 5 per cent are still upafter 9.30 p.m. Youngsters aged 5to 11 generally get 10 to 11 hourssleep. Seven in ten Key StageThree children have gone to bedby 9.30 p.m. but a few stay upbeyond 10.30 p.m. On average,they get about nine hours of sleep.

A common bedtime for Key StageFour children is 10 p.m. but 4 percent regularly stay up beyond 11p.m. They get about eight to ninehours of sleep on average. Butchildren in this age range are mostlikely to lose sleep by worryingabout school work, revising or theapproach of GCSEs . One in tenaged 7 to 11 has lost sleep overnational curriculum tests.

Ralph Surman, a member of theGovernment's Steer inquiry intobehaviour, insisted it was not thejob of schools to set bedtimes.The deputy head of CantrellPrimary School, Nottingham,said: "It is the responsibility ofparents because it's about settinga routine. Parents -need to getchildren into the routine ofgettingup in the morning, getting dressedand getting to school and at theend of the day doing theirhomework, watching a bit of TVand going to bed. If children donot get into these life routinesthey will not be fit for employment in future."

A survey by Saga found almosthalf ofgrandparents would like tochange something about the waytheir grandchildren were broughtup, believing their parents weregiving them too much of a freerein. Here's a sample of the latestcomments published readershave sent in.

'This doesn t surprise me in the least. Whilst at university, I worked on Saturdays for a well-knowndepartment store based in Sloane Square. The middle-class children were the loudest and worst-behavedand you would often hear the ineffectual whiny pleading of their parents, who seemed incapable ofadmonishing their offspring. The parents in this survey should concentrate on parenting and learn to sayno, rather than abdicate their responsibilities to already over-stretched teachers. Stop trying to be yourchilds friend and start focusing on doing yourjob as a parent. "

- Melanie, LondoIl

"If parents cannot even. establish proper bedtimes for their children they should not have them. Onecannot drive a car without passing a test and maybe the similar criteria should be applied to parenthood- mandatory training for parents-to-be on how to bring up their children?

1 can almost hear the sucking ofbreathfrom the PC brigade - but doesn ~ it make sense? Especially whenthe behaviour ofmost children is nothing short ofappalling. "

- Barry Mckay, Ottawa, Canada

"I am glad I am not a new parent. My children were brought up with strictly adhered to bedtimes. Butthat was in the days before government interfered with all sorts ofsilly laws, etc. [even here]. I think today sparents are frightened tofall foul ofall these restrictive laws. Blame your government. Andyourselves forvoting them into power. "

- Elna,Pretoria, RSA


Clueless parents force schools to set a child's bedtime because

@] they are afraid of making fools of themselves by setting rules for their children.

[liJ 60% of parents think schools should stipulate when their youngsters go to bed.

[I] they are not willing to undertake to set up rules for their children when to go to bed and

get up in the morning.

Teenagers aged 14 to 16 are more likely to lose sleep because

@] almost 8 in 10 have got their own TV sets in their bedrooms.

[liJ many of them watch TV, DVD or video or play computer games instead of falling asleep in good time.

~ quarter of them set their own bedtimes and go to bed when they want.

According to the survey

@] only TV, video and computer games can be made responsible for this situation.

[liJ children don't sleep enough because they watch TV, play computer late evening and even worry

about their school achievements.

[I] several students can't sleep because of worrying about their exams.

53

Schools refuse the idea of setting children's bedtime because teachers believe

@] only parents can make the ir children get into a life routine to be able to fit for employment in future.

[li] school is responsible for children from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m..

~ parents are responsible for their children's whole lives.

The readers agree

@] mainly parents can be blamed for this situation.

[li] parents and the government together can be blamed for this situation.

~ that parents don't want to take on this problem.

First read the ten situations (11-20) and then read the twelve texts (a-l), Decide which text goes bestwith which situation. Each text can be used only once. Mark your answers on the answer sheet (11-20).In some cases there may be no suitable text. Then mark x.

mA friend of yours needs advice what to do before accepting a new job.

E:E You are looking for a refurbished house in the countryside.

mYou left secondary school this year and would like to train yourself. You are interested in business life.

mYou are a qualified PE teacher and need a new job.

mYou would like to take your children to a place where they can try racing.

ED You and your partner are keen to f ind an oast or barn anywhe re in Kent which is commutable toLondon. A peaceful house in a semi-rural setting away from main roads would f it the bill.

mYou look fo r a school with good t rain ing to be able to pass your A-level exams and enter university.

EIJ You can't get a mortgage on your present salary. You're looking for another job with a good salaryand a long cont ract.

mYou want to go on an active holiday somewhere.

mYou want to have a day out with your fam ily. Your children prefer the fun fair but your wife preferswalking and watching animals.

54

Project Outreach Wor!{ers (two posts)• Post 1 (based Ashford) salary: £13 ,000 for a 2S-hour-week• Post 2 (based Appledore) salary: £11,960 for a 23-hour-week

Both posts funded until 30th September 2010You will rec ruit and support older voluntee rs (aged 55+), who will be invo lved in a range of projectsattache d to "Inf04U," inclu ding information outreach, befriending and other support services aimedat older people age d 75+. This is a joint project and posts wi ll be em ployed by Volunteering Ashford(post 1) and CARM (post 2).Expe rience of running a project, recruiting and supporting volunteers and working with older peopleis esse ntial, as is an understanding of the issues affecting olde r people and carers.

For an application pack ring 01233 665535 ore-mail to suesawyergpasgfirdvb.fsnet.co.ukQuoting Post 1 or Post 2 (or both posts)

Closing Date: 5th May 2006. Interviews on 15 May 2006.

PITMAN TRAININGThe best training leads to the best opportunities

No-one has helped more people gain valuable business skills than Pitman Training. That unbeatableexperience is your guaran tee of success.

It works because our tried and trusted teaching methods are the best available and designed for speedyresults. You work at your own pace in our comfortable training centres, helped by experienced tutors.You choose your own hours, working when it suits you - and keep the excellent reference books and

training manual s when the course is over.On completion, you will receive a Pitman Training Diploma that is recognised nationally and

internationally by employers - your passport to a better career.

OUR MOST POPULAR DIPLOMA COURSES ARE:

Executive PA • Legal Secretarial

Medical Secretarial • Accounting Technician

Get into Journalism • Business Skills

For further information on our diploma and other Pitman Training courses, please call your local centre

on 0800 0646 500 or visit www.pitman-training.com

High Halden t 1,275 per calendar monthA charming 3 bedroom detached oast house in beautiful surroundings in a quiet location yetwithin 10 mins. of mainline station.Hall with cloak room , kitchen with dishwashe r, washe r/dryer, fridge/freezer and electric cooker.Dining room leading to lou nge with woodburner.Upstairs: master bedroom with cupboard. Bathroom with shower. Bedroom with shower.Bedroom 2 (double), bedroom 3 (small single) or study. There is a furthe r bedroom in the loft ifrequ ired. O il centra l heating. Parking space for one vehicle. Grass cutting included. Suit professionalcou ple, not suitable for small children or pets. Prefer non-smokers . UNFURNISHED.

For further information or to arrange a viewing please contact our Tenterden Office.

55

If you are already in a job and looking fora change, you may be concerned aboutmaking the right move. As the old sayinggoes - the grass always looks greener on theother side - but we all know tha t this is notalways the case.

Before even attending an interview, do yourresearch on the company. This is madeincredibly easy by the huge resources availableon the Internet, and if you don't know anyonewith Internet access the n visit your locallibrary and book yourself a session on thei rcomputers.

The company may well have its own website,which can be a valuable resource to discover whatthe company does, who its customers are and thetype of people that work there.

At interview stage, do not be afraid to askquestions about the company. Tell the interviewerwhat you have already researched and ask furtherquestions to build-up a good knowledge of thecompany. Remember that you are interviewing thecompany as much as they are interviewing you!

It really is a two-way street. Find out everythingyou would like to know about the job beforeaccepting it.

BUCI(SWOODSCHOOL

Buckswood is a small school with small classes. The principlesapplied in junior and prep schools need not be forgotten atsecondary level - constant academic moni toring, extra hel p,study plans, spelling tests, written presentation classes are allkey facets to a child's academic progress at Buckswood.

To ensure that each chi ld achieves their potential at GCSE we employ a number of tactics as partof an overall GCSE strategy, from weekly drill tests to on-line revision. Buckswood's GCSE pas s rateat A-C for 2005 was 70%with a record number of students achieving at least 5 A-C passes.

The academic rigour is followed through to A Level where students have a wide range of subjects tochoose from including Accounting & Law. All our students were accepted by their first choiceuniversity in 2005 and already 2006 sees upper-sixth ap plicants up for places at LSE, Durham ,St Andrew's, Exeter, Bath & Warwick to name but a handful.

Do contact us for a tour of the school/prospectus/Open Day appointment:Telephone 01424 813813 • Email [email protected] • www.buckswood.co.uk

Two Great Choices on Two Wheels

56

THOUSANDS of people every yea r fin d out thatcycling is one of the most enjoyable ways toexplore the New Forest.

There are flat, traffic-free trails throughout theNew Forest and the two Cycle Hire Centresoffer good qua lity-branded bikes fro m centra llocations. Cyclexperience of Brockenhurst andForest Leisure Cycl ing of Burley have around4 4 cycles between the m.

Services include trai l maps, helmets, childseats and parking fac ilities. Choose self gu iding round trips or point-to-point routes.

Both businesses operate th roughout the yea rand in addition to cycle hire , thei r retail shopsare packed with a huge selection of bi kes andaccessones.

Call Forest Leisure Cycl ing on 01425403584or Cyclexperience on 01590 624808/2420.

Celebrate St George's Dayat The Chapel Down Winery

• Come and see Kent's largest St George's flagpainted on the Chapel Down lawn

• Toast St George with special offers on ourrange of award-winning sparkling wine

• Select your St George's Day cheese boardfrom our wide range of English cheese

• Traditional St George's Day 3-course roastdinner on Sunday 23rd in the Bistro. Bookingessentia l!

• A free gift for every customer on theSt George's Day weekend

Offers valid 21st-23rd April -not in conjunction with any other offer.

CHAPEL DOWNTh e Chapel Down Winery Tenterden

Vineyard Small Hyth e Tenterden KentTN3 07NG

Open daily lO.OOam to 5.00pm.Email: retail@en~lishwines~roup.com

Web: www.englishwinesgroup.com

Sutton ValencePreparatory School

Co-Educational 3-11 years

Part-time boys' Games Teacher

We wish to appoint for September 2006 forfive afternoons a week , a part-time boys'

games teacher. The boys play footba ll, rugby,hockey and cricket. SVPS has excellent

facilities with full size astro and artificia lwickets and nets. Teachers with secondary

school experience welcome to apply.

Please apply in writing to Mr AM Brooke,Head, SVPS, Underhill Road, Chart Sutton,

Maidstone, Kent ME 17 3RF.Tel.: 10622 8421 17

Fax: 01622 84420 1, orEmail: [email protected]

with names and addresses of two referees.

Closing date f or applications:Wednesday 3rd May 2006

Sutton Valence preparatory Schoo l is anequal opportunities employer.

SmardenGuide Price £825,000

Set in 6 acres (to be verified) withidyllic ruraL views, this recentLyrenovated property has everything youcouLd desire.Bespoke kitchen with granite worktops,rangemaster, fully integrated appliances/family room with beautifuL firepLace andfitted woodburner, utility room, cloakroomwith white suite.Very weLLpLanned spacious open Living,Lounge/ dining room and conservatory.Maste r en-suite bedroom wit h waLk indressing roo m and fitted wardrobes, 3 further

bedrooms aLL with fitted wardrobes pLus astunning fuLLy-fitted office/bedroom, familybathroom with white suite.Small wooden barn (for conversion subject topLanning), 40ft garaging with eLectric doors,footings Laid for repLacement annexe/stables,Large naturaLpond with spacious decking areaover, eLectric entrance gates and gate entrysystem, extensive bLock paved driveway andcourtyard, fully aLa rmed house and garaging,((TV surveillance and more.

For viewing pLease caLL 07768 437 477

57

IT]Haynes Motor Museum

THE prestigious Haynes International Motor Museum, at Sparkford in Somerset,offers an excellent day out for all the family. With more than 270 cars displayed

in stunning style, dating from 1886 to the present day, it is the largestinternational motor museum in Britain.

For those interested in a nostalgic trip downmemory lane, the museum offers a host offamiliar names such as Austin, MG and Morris.

Whilst for those seeking something moreexotic there is a vast array of performancecars, from modern classics such as theDodge Viper and XJ220 to the more historicJaguar E Type and AC Cobra. Also on show isa large collection of American cars,including the jewels in the crown of Haynes- the V16 Cadillac, and the million-dollarDuesenberg.

Throughout the year the museum will beholding lots of exciting events on their owntest circuit including a drifting, chases andeven the chance for visitors to be whizzedaround the track in some of the museum'samazing cars.

The museum is open 7 days a week, and iseasily accessible, being situated just off theA303 north of Yeovil.

For further details phone 01963 440804,or visit the website at

www.haynesmotormuseum.co.uk

Way too much fun for one day!New for 2005 is Kontiki. Feel the excitement of riding the high seas - without ever leaving dryland! The unique swinging and swirling motion of the Kontiki ride is sure to leave you in a spin!

Thrill-seekers young and old will love The Stinger Rollercoaster, the Raging River Ride log flumeand the exhilarating jumping Bean drop ride, all of which are still great favourites at the Park.

The amazing variety of things to see and do includes big rides and small rides, play areas,entertainments, the fascinating Romany Experience and Village Life museums, hedge Maze andstunning landscaped gardens with an astonishing collection over 150 species of exotic and rare birds.

Younger children love Kids Kingdom, Land of the Dinosaurs, Seal Falls, the Digger Ride, Tiny TotsTown and the Magic Forest, where nursery rhymes come to life at the touch of a button, notforgetting the Wonderful World of Wind in the Willows where the characters from this classic storyhave their amazing adventures!

IT]

58

Islands 01 choiceG uernsey is a place of contrasts. It 's British, butfee ls distinctly French, has a thriving, moderncommun ity, but retains a relaxed, informaloutlook, and while it has strong ties to the sea,it is probably most famous for flo wer growingand farming herds of Guernsey cows.

The scenery too is full of con trast.Spectacular cliffs rise high above secluded

coves on the south coast, while wide arcs ofgolden sand slope gently into a turquo ise seaon the west. In the interior, narrow lanes windtheir way through a rural backdrop, before

giVing way to terraces and rooftops in theisland's 'capital' St Peter Port.

If all that wasn't enough, the islands ofG uernsey a lso offer superb museums andgalleries, fantastic shops, world-class restaurants and lively bars.

It's the perfect destination, so why not book abrea k now and discover exactly why we' re theislands of cho ice.

For a free information pack on the islands ofGuernsey and for the latest special offers,

see www.visitguernsey.com orfreephone 0800 028 5353 (ref RM2).

"""""'0

Test 3

LAN,~l:JAGE EI.:E.MENTS (Part 1)


Dear Subscriber,

Please find enclosed your copy of the January 2006 issue of Learning English, the international

newsletter about learning and teaching English with PPB World Service. This is the second special

CD issue of the newsletter EIJ aims to provide teachers of English ElJ a practical guide to

using PPB World Service radio programmes in the classroom.

The CD contains five complete programmes from the PPB World Service radio series Fishing For

Jasmine - International Short Stories, a literature series for learners of English. E£J programme

features a short story along with analysis of the story and tips for budding writers. The CD provides

an audio resource of over 60-minutes of authentic English. The accompanying booklet sets out how

to select extracts from PPB World Service radio - ~ these specific programmes as examples

and the different ways you can use them to develop your students' listening and speaking skills.

If you don't have access to a CD player but do have a cassette recorder, E!J select your own

programmes to record direct from the radio and use these instead. There are programmes EIa a

wide range of subjects on PPB World Service radio so you are sure to find something that will be of

EE to your students. The enclosed schedule gives details of some of those programmes.

If you have access to the internet, remember there's a whole world of text and audio material

for you and your students at: www.ppbworldservice.comjlearningenglish as well as a growing

resource for teachers at the new: www.teachingenglish.org.uk site, the Er] produced jointly by

the PPB and the British Council.

The next issue of Learning English will be published in July 2006. Your copy will automatically

be posted to you. However, perhaps you ~ of colleagues or business contact who would also

like to receive a copy? If so, send me their names and addresses and I'll be happy to post them a

copy too. mpost the information to the address given at the top of this letter or email me at:

[email protected]

Yours sincerely,

Kim Smith,

Editor, Learning English

EIJ [ill that ElJ [ill for E£J [ill All

[li] this [li] with [li] All the[g it [g to [g Each

~ [ill to use E!J [ill than EIa [ill about[li] uses [li] then [li] at[g using [g so [g on

59

Fun pools and sidewinders!

EE [ill interest ED [ill latter

lliJ interested lliJ lately

[g interesting [g latest

EIJ [ill know FE [ill Either

lliJ hear lliJ Simply[g believe [g Once


PyramidsGo and make a day of it at The Pyramid Centre.

You can surf the Ell brave the Sidewinder flume, take a plunge in the pools, relax EE around

the poolside or enjoy a meal and drink in one of the outlets.

The fun pools are all individual pools that link into each other, these include:

The Wave pool - wicked crashing waves and white surf await you or if you prefer, simply paddle in

the shallows.

The Toddlers pool - toddlers can play EiJ and sound in their own miniature pool with animal slides.

Super flumes - Enjoy the experience of the two flumes that arem160ft long.

Sidewinder flume - The Sidewinder flume is one of the fastest flumes you'll ever find.

There are very extensive catering outlets around the centre ranging from fast food at the centre

cafe lunches in the licensed cafe bar with spectacularmof the Solent.

Ever fancy having a special treat on your birthday? Head to The Pyramids where they will celebrate

your birthday with you in style.

You will get use of the pools and features and an exclusive decorated birthday table for you and

your friends. You will receive a photograph of yourself and birthday friends to remember the day.

Save money on admission to the Fun pools byma member of the centre.

60

The first time you visit the Pyramids Fun pools and pay the full price entry with a small additional

administration charge, you qualify for discounted entry for a whole year.

The Pyramids Centre is also the perfect setting for business or socialm,thanks to its superb

location on Southsea seafront, with panoramic views across the Solent.

EDt he rooms can be adapted to suit most requirements and can be tailor-made for each event.

The Plaza Suite can be hired for a variety of functions, conferences, exhibitions, cabaret shows or

a spectacular dinner/dance for 500 guests.

They can provide a wide choice of menus from finger buffets to sumptuous EIJ.The Glasshouse is licensed for Civil Ceremonies, so simply enjoy the ceremony or complete the day

with "the reception and dancing until the early hours of the morning. The private sea facing terrace

'and l he adjoining colourful Rock Gardens make the ideal backdrop for those special photographs.

For further information on opening times and different sessions in the Fun pools please caLL the

centre on (023) 9279 9977 or visit www.pyramids.co.uk. If you would like further information alJhow to book one of the function rooms please telephone (023) 9253 8608.

[] becoming

IT] waves

[ill all

rn safe

[5] banquets

[ID sit

[I] views

[5] more

III over

rn at

[Q] celebration

[Q] on

~ events

lE dinner

[ill sitting




61

Tracks 23-27:

m '0 lliJ Nasa Mission

lliJ B AN GO ES UP IN SMO KE

tE [g Podcast lectures for uni students

t!l [ill Human rights

~~ Two children wounded in shooting

0

rn England to take Defoe to Germany

~ 10 [ill S CHOOL HOLIDAYS AN D EXAM RESULTS

You will hear a radio interview. First you will have one minute to read the introduction and theitems. Then you will hear the interview. You will hear the interview only once. Then you will havetime to answer the questions.



Track 28:

In the 21st century people can live longer but it doesn't mean they are healthier too.

A British woman who was 65 years old in 2002 may live t ill the age of 84.

Longer life results from more effective healthcare treatment and better living conditions.

Although a lot of money is spent on older people, death rates are still too high.

Doing physical exercise and a balanced diet seem to be the most important element of changes inbiological age.

Stress can control our life and motivate us.

Your biological age can be calculated from a health questionnaire and physical tests.

Children are in need of emotional support to become well-balanced adults.

In old agewe can't change our habits, for example, over 60one can't be successfu l in giving up smoking.

Elderly people are afraid of being at others' mercy.

62



Tracks 29-33:

You hear this advertisement. What's being advertised?

@] cultural events organised by Portsmouth Visitor Information Service

[liJ a journey to Portsmouth

[I] walking tours in Portsmouth

You are at the airport and hear this announcement. What are the current weather conditions?

@] it's raining

lliJ it's windy

[IJ it's snowing

You hear this woman speaking on the radio. What's her job?

@] a professional chess player

[liJ a reporter

[I] a doctor

You hear this telephone conversation. Choosethe best statement.

@] the woman doesn't want to travel by Olympic

[liJ the woman has already confirmed her ticket and arranged her transfer

[I] the woman can't stand travelling too late

You aren't satisfied with your present Internet access. You think it's too slow and you can use it from4pm to midnight. You hear this advertisement about a new offer. How many hours of Internet accessdoes this company provide a month?

@] less than 150 hours

[liJ between 151 and 300 hours

[I] more than 300 hours

63

Situation 1:You are a university student, and last September you decided to take a year out and travel aroundEurope. After 6 months you got home and as you need some money you decided to apply for th isadvertisement.

ANGLEY SCHOOL----- A Sports College

Angley Road, Cranbrook, Kent TN17 2PJ

Foundation School(mixed 11-18, 1147 on roll]

Tel : 01580 712754Fax: 01580 715434E-mail: [email protected]

Required for the Summer Term or as soon as possib le thereafter

Science Technician(Term Time plus 30 other days paid by negotiation)

Duties include: Prepare materials for general lesson s or projects.Demonstrate, prepare and ma intain equipment for use in Science

Department, dependent on experience. Maintain health and safety inLaboratories . Previous experience and advantage. but not necessary

as appropriate training will be provided.

Apply in writing enclosing CVplus the names andaddresses of2 referees to:MrsJWannan - Acting PA to the Headteacher

Closing date: Friday 5 May 2006

Write a letter of application. Your letter should contai n at least two of the following points and oneother aspect :

· Your reason fo r applying· Your experience· Your interests• Your expectations

Before starting the letter, decide on the order in which you th ink the three points should beincluded as well as an appropriate introduction and close. Include your address and the address ofthe school, also the reference line, date, salutation and closing formula.


64

Situation 2:You are going to travel to London next month and spend 5 days in the city. As a university studentyou don't have too much money and want to buy a special card to save some money on publictransport and entrance tickets. You see the following advertisement on London Pass.

FREEEntrance

to London Attractions

and much more all for one price!You're saving over L150

when you visit these attractionswith The London Pass

and you still have over 40 moreattractions and benefits to enjoy!

Choose a6-day Passand see London from

t 12 aday.

You are interested in purchasing a London Card. However, you would like to have more details anddecide to write to London Information Office.


• Ask about costs and duration• Ask about discounts• Ask where you can use it• Ask how you can purchase it

Before starting the letter, decide on the order in which you think the three points should beincluded as well as an appropriate introduction and close. Include your address, date, salutationand closing formula.


65








Ajoumey you have had (where, when, the local people and area, sights, etc.)

or

A star you have met (person, location, experience, etc.)

66

~

Test 3

OR~L EXAMINATION - DISCUSSION (PART 2)


Read the following text from an English magazine. Discuss the content of the text with yourpartner. Tell him/her your opinions, give reasons and personal examples to support your ideas.Talk about your own experience with the problems mentioned and possible solutions.

You can use the f-word in class (but only five times)

A secondary school is to allow pupils to swear atteachers - as long as they don't do so more thanfive times in a lesson. A running tally of howmany times the f-word has been used will bekept on the board. If a class goes over the limit ,they will be 'spoken ' to at the end of the lesson.

The astonishing policy, which the school sayswill improve the behaviour of pupils, wascondemned by parents ' groups and MPsyesterday. They warned it would backfire.

Parents were advised of the plan, which comesinto effect when term starts next week, ina letter from the Weavers School inWellingborough, Northamptonshire.

Assistant headmaster Richard White said thepolicy was aimed at 15 and 16-year-olds in twoclasses which are considered troublesome.

'Tolerate but not condone'"Within each lesson the teacher will in itiallytolerate (although not condone) the use of thef-word (or derivatives) five times and these willbe tallied on the board so all students can seethe running score," he wrote in the letter.

"Over this number the class will be spoken toby the teacher at the end of the lesson."

Parents called the rul e 'wholly irresponsibleand l udicrous'.

"This appears to be a misguided attempt tospeak to kids on their own level," said the fatherof one pupil.

'Should have do's and don'ts'Nick Seaton, chairman of the Campaign for RealEducation, said. "In these sort of situationsteachers should be setting clear principles of 'doand don't'."

"They should not be compromising in anapparent attempt to please the pupils. This willsend out completely the wrong message."

"Youngsters will play up to this and ensurethey use their five goes, demeaning theauthority of the teacher."

Tory MP Ann Widdecombe said the policy wasbased on "Alice in Wonderland reasoning."

"What next?" she asked. "Do we allow peopleto speed five times or burgle five times, youdon't improve something by allowing it, youimprove something by discouraging it ."

'Praise postcards'The 1,130-pupil school, which was criticised as"not effective" by Ofsted inspectors lastNovember, also plans to send "praise postcards"to the parents of children who do not swear andwho turn up on time for lessons.

Headmaster Alan Large said he had received nocomplaints about the policy. "The reality is thatthe f-word is part of these young adults'everyday language," he said.

"As a temporary policy we are giving thema bit of leeway, but want them to think about theway they talk and how they might do better."

67

Candidates A/B/(C)

You attend a 100-year-old secondary school with a good reputation. Your school is very proud of itshistory, tradition, old students and organises competitions, sports programmes, concerts and othercultural events regularly.

This year your school celebrates its 100th birthday and the headmaster asked some students to takepart in preparing this programme. You and some of your friends are responsible for this work.

First decide on your ideas for this event.


• how to organise this celebration

• when you should start organising it

• who to invite to this event

• where to hold it

• how much money you need

• how you will collect it

• where to advertise your celebration

68

Test 4

REAQING COMPREHENSION (Part 1)


~ Red-hot message getting through

[liJ Gaming industry in trouble

[I] "VEATH ER T URNS FROM ICE TO NICE

[ill Weapon found in car

~ Retirement getting closer

rn "You just can't keep up with him"

[ID Do IT FO R YOUR KIDS

[hJ Cold weather damages roads

DJ Children learn how to putoutfire

IT] Getting back in play

oMOM OR DAD will have to spend more time ridingshotgun with the ir teens behind the wheel before the

' state will issue driver's licenses, under legislationGov. Blagojevich signed Thurs day. The initiativerequires parents to spend 50 hours with their child asthey learn to drive - double the amount of time thatwas once required by state law. The app licationprocess also will include a new conse nt form parentsmust sign before thei r teens can be licensed to drive.

"Th e bill I'm signing ... will help m ake sure thatteenage drivers are better trained an d moreexperienced, and that sh ould make the roads saferfor all of us, " Blagojevich said in a state ment. The

prop osal grew out of legislation earl ier th is year inwhich state Rep. John D'Amico wanted to bar 15and 16-year-olds from driving after two teens diedin a crash in h is district.

But that plan drew criticism from safety expertswho said teenage drivers woul d be better off withincreased train ing, prompting Secretary of Stat eJesse White an d D'Amico to com e back with there tooled legislat ion wit h h eightened trainingrequ iremen ts . "1 believe this proposal will h elpgive our young people more experience behindthe wh eel, in a variety of situations , helping themto become better, safer drivers ," White said.

69

ElTHE country has been in the grips of the coldestJune for 15 years , but MetService meteorologist BobMcDavitt said sunny weather should kickstart a thawas an anti-cyclone, followed by a northerly, is due tomove across most of the country this week.

Most previously closed North Island roadsreopened yesterday, but police were still urgingmotorists to take care and drive to the conditions. Inthe eastern North Island, SH38 between Tuai andWaikaremoana remained closed and extreme carewas needed on SH35 between Ruatoria and Te PuiaSprings and Hicks Bay, where landslips were causing

D

delays. All roads were open in the South Island butthe AAwas urging people to take extreme care andto expect delays on several roads .

Meanwhile, South Island farmers still withoutelectricity could call a hotline (0800 997-779)set up to help people cope with the practical andemotional issues of being isolated. CanterburyChamber of Commerce president Peter Townsendsaid an analysis of the cold snap's economic impactwas yet to be completed but the socialcost was the big issue, especially for those stillwithout power.

IN 2001 New Zealand children were responsible for starting 740 fires but last year that figure had dropped to208. The figures showed the widely taught fire service Firewise programme, used at most Hamilton primaryschools, was working well, Hamilton fire awareness intervention co-ordinator Steve Lambert said.

"Afew years ago a young girl who had done the programme at school got her grandmother and two youngersiblings out of the house safely - she was 10," he said. The programme, along with fire safety education athome, proved its worth to a Tamahere family on Tuesday night. Steve Smith, his partner and their threechildren escaped their two-storey home, which caught fire soon after they had gone to bed. Mr Smith saidwhile the parents were scared, "the kids knew what to do."

"Our bedrooms were all up-stairs so teaching them was important so they didn't panic. It's (fire safety)something we talk about every winter and as they get older and older the more they register. It's so importantin case we can't get out they know exactly what to do."

Yesterday it was the turn of about 30 Crawshaw Primary School students in Hamilton to learn about firesafety when four Pukete firefighters taught them how to get out of a burning building. "Get down. Get out. Getlow. Fire," they yelled as they crawled toward the exit.

Waikato Bayof Plenty fire education officer Megan Dromgool said the Firewise programme was useful forchildren to take home. "Children are most at risk of dying or being badly burned in a fire," she said. "This isoften because of fire play and because they do not know how to escape safely in the event of a fire."

NINTENDO once ruled the world of video games but the Japanese company has seen its fortunes fall inrecent years as rivals have gobbled up its share of the home console market, particularly in New Zealand.

The company is hoping its new Wii console, to be launched later this year, will reverse this trend.In the early 90s, Nintendo split home console gaming with fellow Japanese company Sega, but since the entry

of Sony with the PlayStation and Microsoft with its Xbox it has seen its global share shrink to 15 per cent.Sega has since exited the console market and concentrated instead on game production. Nintendo's

decline has been even more pronounced in New Zealand, where it has only 5 per cent market, accordingto the company's local distributor, Monaco.

But Nintendo's poor showing could change in the fourth quarter of this year with the launch of thecompany's next-generation console, the Wii.

It will compete with the other next-generation consoles - Microsoft's Xbox 360, launched three monthsago, and Sony's PlayStation 3, which will be on sale in November.

70

"[It's] like nothing seen before ... Nintendo is looking at attracting a new range of consumers, from newgarners to hard-core garners. Wii would continue Nintendo's reputat ion for innovation by veering awayfrom the traditional game console," said Nintendo spokesman Vispi Bhopti.

But the move from second to third generation in the home console market will be hotly contested, andNintendo will have to boost sales substantially to make a gain.

"We are expecting huge sales here. In the next 12 months, we are expecting significant growth, andwhen all the third-generation consoles are on the market, we expect to have just over 50 per cent of themarket," he also added.

aBY 93, most people expect aches and pains tokeep them company. Not Rev. Bob Weaver."I don't have time to hurt," he said. "I've got toomuch to do, people to help." Weaver is the "oncall chaplain" for nights and weekends at the500-resident Twin Towers Retirement Communitywhere h e and his wife , Mary, live .

At 10 p.m. every night, he make s rounds tominister to the ill. He delivers mail to the health-caresection of the community on Fridays. Weaver alsodelivers good cheer, a lively story, a smile or a prayer.He conducts a service at 7:30 a.m. each Sunday.

Weaver said he needs a lot of time to do hisgood work and keep fit. He's up at 6:30 a.m. andin bed at 11:30 p.m . A runner for dec ade s, he nowswims 10,75-foot lengths of a pool three days perweek and works out in the fitness room on twodays. He drove until his 90th birthday.

"Weaver ha s just started a volunteer program weekly story-telling sessions at Twin Towers'health pavilion and the day-stay. Bob wears usout, and we're considerably young er. He is kind,caring and sharp witted,' said Rev. Ann Luzader,who is one of two full-time Twin Towerschaplains..

Weaver embraces modern te chnology, and at 80he took a computer course so he could e-mailfamily and friends. He takes care of his wife, whohas Alzheimer's "to give her fre edom of choice."They have four children, four gra ndsons and twogreat-grandchildre n . He was named the 2005winner of the Humanitarian Award from the FourChaplains for hi s work at Twin Towers and as anAir Force chaplain in World War 11.

"We' re meant to help others. I don't know anyother way to live," he said.

71

Test 4

READING COMPREHENSION (Part 2)y "'" " .; -


Smoking ban is extended to doorways and bus sheltersKirsty Walker, Daily Mail

Smoking in the open is to bebanned where it affects bystanders , ministers said yesterday.

The forthcoming ban on lightingup in public places has beenextended to areas where there isan 'inevitable close grouping ofpeople.' It would include bus shelters, football grounds, the entrances to office buildings, train platforms and concert venues.

Health Minister Lord Warnersaid it would protect more peoplefrom second-hand smoking.

The Government has alreadysaid that the Health Bill willoutlaw smoking in pubs andrestaurants next year. But LordWarner told the House of Lordsyesterday: "There will be placesthat will not be enclosed wherethere is a risk of harm from second-hand smoke due to the inevitable close grouping ofpeople.Examples might be sports stadiums, bus shelters and entrances topublic buildings or workplaces."

Critics claim there is no scientificevidence that people can beharmed by passive smoking outside. Lord Stoddart said: "I don'tknow of any study that says awhiff of somebody else's smokeout in the open air is dangerous."Simon Clark, director of pro-

72

smoking group Forest, said: "Thissuggests that the public, MPs andpeers have been deceived." "Everyone was told they would be votingon a ban on smoking in enclosedplaces. But the Government wantsto go way beyond its remit bybanning smoking outside. It isbreathtakingly arrogant to talkabout extending the ban before ithas been voted in. Tobacco is alegal product. This is social engineering on a grand scale."

Health Secretary Patricia Hewittclaims it will save thousands oflives. But the report found 95 percent of smoking-related deathsare caused by lighting up at home,not in the workplace.

It said: "Given the evidenceabout the impact ofpassive smoking, we are concerned that thedecision to ban smoking in publicplaces may represent a disproportionate response to a relativelyminor health concern." The new

.regulations will be published in afew weeks.

But the Health Bill will includea wider definition to make "additional places smoke-free".

Stephen Alambritis, from theFederation of Small Businesses,said: "We welcomed the ban onsmoking in public places. But

attempts to extend it to smokingoutside are a step too far."

Malcolm Clarke, ofthe FootballSupporters' Federation, said: "Oneof the problems with smoking inall-seater stadiums is that it is notpossible to move if someone nextto you lights up and that can spoilthe enjoyment. On the other hand,some fans see it as a part of thegame and cannot cope without acigarette when their nerves arefrazzled."

Scotland is also to have some ofthe world 's most draconian antismoking laws after ministersagreed on measures to extend theban outdoors to public parks, playareas and outside school gates.Guidelines, published jointly byAndy Kerr, the health minister,and Convention of Scottish LocalAuthorities, will advise councilsto apply the ban to any area wherechildren are likely to gather.

"Our first concern is the healthand safety of children and wewould want to reduce the opportunities for them to see smokingas something that's acceptable,"said Jill Shimi , leader of theLabour-run Dundee city council."Smoking in parks spoils theenvironment and sets a very badexample to children."


The goal of the new Health Bill is

@] to serve publ ic interest at more places.

[liJ to curtail smokers of their rights.

~ to reduce health risks of non-smokers.

Critics do not agree, because

@] no one has ever proved passive smoking to be harmful.

[liJ no voting took place.

~ they th ink smoking should be allowed in the open air.

BAccording to Health Secretary Patricia Hewitt

@] people should smoke less at home.

[liJ smoking at public places was not a threat on people's health .

~ the root of the problem lies elsewhere.

People at football matches

@] sometimes can't avoid second-hand smoking.

[liJ always need cigarettes because of the excitement.

~ will only be allowed to smoke at designated areas.

In Scotland the ban

@] can be applied to any public place outdoors.

[liJ cannot be applied at football stadiums .

~ can be applied without limits to protect children.

73

R~JX~ING COMPREHENSIGN (Part 3)

First read the items (11-20) then read the text. Decide which part of the text (a-I) contains theinformation in each of the items. Each part of the text may only be used once.

El! There might be no answer

EE Was that really me doing that?

mThe boss is in the background

mOpening your eyes up

mWe just follow the instructions

mGreat teamwork

mWhat we believe

Em Changing places

mQuitting can be easier

EE The routine stuff

When you hear the word hypnosis, you may picture the mysterious hypnotist figure popularized inmovies, comic books and television. This ominous, goateed man waves a pocket watch back andforth, guiding his subject into a semi-sleep, zombie-like state. Once hypnotized, the subject iscompelled to obey, no matter how strange or immoral the request. Muttering "Yes, master," thesubject does the hypnotist's evil bidding. This popular representation bears little resemblance toactual hypnotism, of course.

In fact , modern understanding of hypnosis contradicts this conception on several key points.Subjects in a hypnotic trance are not slaves to their "masters" - they have absolute free will. Andthey're not really in a semi-sleep state - they're actually hyperattentive. Our understanding ofhypnosis has advanced a great deal in the past century, but the phenomenon is still a mystery ofsorts. In this article, we'll look at some popular theories of hypnosis and explore the various wayshypnotists put their art to work.

People have been pondering and arguing over hypnosis for more than 200 years, but science hasyet to fully explain how it actually happens. We see what a person does under hypnosis, but it isn'tclear why he or she does it . This puzzle is really a small piece in a much bigger puzzle: how thehuman mind wo rks. It's unlikely that scientists will arrive at a definitive explanation of the mindin the foreseeable future, so it's a good bet hypnosis will remain something of a mystery as well.

74

[Q] But psychiatrists do understand the general characteristics of hypnosis, and they have somemodel of how it works. It is a trance state characterized by extreme suggestibility, relaxation andheightened imagination. It's not really like sleep, because the subject is alert the whole time. Itis most often compared to daydreaming, or the feeling of "losing yourself" in a book or movie.You are fully conscious, but you tune out most of the stimuli around you. You focus intently onthe subject at hand, to the near exclusion of any other thought.

~ In the everyday trance of a daydream or movie, an imaginary world seems somewhat real toyou, in the sense that it fully engages your emotions. Imaginary events can cause real fear,sadness or happiness, and you may even jolt in your seat if you are surprised by something (amonster leaping from the shadows, for example) . Some researchers categorize all such trances asforms of self-hypnosis. Milton Erickson, the premier hypnotism expert of the 20th century,contended that people hypnotize themselves on a daily basis. But most psychiatrists focus on thetrance state brought on by intentional relaxation and focusing exercises. This deep hypnosis isoften compared to the relaxed mental state between wakefulness and sleep. In conventionalhypnosis, you approach the suggestions of the hypnotist, or your own ideas, as if they were reality.If the hypnotist suggests that your tongue has swollen up to twice its size, you'll feel a sensationin your mouth and you may have trouble talking. If the hypnotist suggests that you are drinkinga chocolate milkshake, you'll taste the milkshake and feel it cooling your mouth and throat. If thehypnotist suggests that you are afraid, you may feel panicky or start to sweat. But the entire time,you are aware that it's all imaginary. Essentially, you're "playing pretend" on an intense level, askids do.rn In this special mental state, people feel uninhibited and relaxed. Presumably, this is becausethey tune out the worries and doubts that normally keep their actions in check. You mightexperience the same feeling while watching a movie: as you get engrossed in the plot, worriesabout your job, family, etc. fade away, until all you're thinking about is what's up on the screen.In this state, you are also highly suggestible. That is, when the hypnotist tells you to dosomething, you'll probably embrace the idea completely. This is what makes stage hypnotist showsso entertaining. Normally reserved, sensible adults are suddenly walki ng around the stage cluckinglike chickens or singing at the top of their lungs. Fear of embarrassment seems to fly out of thewindow. The subject's sense of safety and morality remain entrenched throughout the experience,however. A hypnotist can't get you to do anything you don't want to do.

[ill But what is it that makes this happen? In the next section, we'll look at the most widelyaccepted theory of what's going on when you become hypnotized. The predominant school ofthought on hypnosis is that it is a way to access a person's subconscious mind directly. Normally,you are only aware of the thought processes in your conscious mind. You consciously think overthe problems that are right in front of you, consciously choose words as you speak, consciouslytry to remember where you left your keys. But in doing all these things, your conscious mind isworking hand-in-hand with your subconscious mind, the unconscious part of your mind that doesyour "behind the scenes" thinking. Your subconscious mind accesses the vast reservoir ofinformation that lets you solve problems, construct sentences or locate your keys. It puts togetherplans and ideas and runs them by your conscious mind. When a new idea comes to you out of theblue, it's because you already thought through the process unconsciously.

[5] Your subconscious also takes care of all the stuff you do automatically. You don't actively workthrough the steps of breathing minute to minute - your subconscious mind does that. You don'tthink through every little thing you do while driving a car - a lot of the small stuff is thought outin your subconscious mind. Your subconscious also processes the physical information your bodyreceives.

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In short, your subconscious mind is the real brains behind the operation - it does most of yourthinking, and it decides a lot of what you do. When you're awake, your conscious mind works toevaluate a lot of these thoughts, make decisions and put certain ideas into action. It alsoprocesses new information and relays it to the subconscious mind. But when you're asleep, theconscious mind gets out of the way, and your subconscious has free reign.

Psychiatrists theorize that the deep relaxation and focusing exercises of hypnotism work tocalm and subdue the conscious mind so that it takes a less active role in your thinking process.In this state, you're stiLL aware of what's going on, but your conscious mind takes a back seat toyour subconscious mind. Effectively, this aLLows you and the hypnotist to work directly with thesubconscious. It's as if the hypnotism process pops open a control panel inside your brain.

With the "control panel" to your mind open, the hypnotist may be able to reprogram yoursubconscious to reverse the behavior. Some hypnotists do this by connecting a negative responsewith the bad habit. For example, the hypnotist might suggest to your subconscious that smokingwill cause nausea. If this association is programmed effectively, you will feel sick every time youthink about smoking a cigarette. Alternatively, the hypnotist may build up your wiLL power,suggesting to your subconscious that you don't need cigarettes, and you don't want them.

Additionally, the subconscious is the storehouse for aLL your memories. While under hypnosis,subjects may be able to access past events that they have completely forgotten. Psychiatrists mayuse hypnotism to bring up these memories so that a related personal problem can finaLLy beresolved. Since the subject's mind is in such a suggestible state, it is also possible to create falsememories. For t his reason, psychiatrists must be extremely careful when exploring a hypnoticsubject's past.

Test 4


Dear Ms. Blackmore,

The purpose of this is to convey to you my EI! apologies for any inconvenience you

EE last month with respect to the instaLLation of your Internet high speed service.

I just returned from vacation this week and found your file in my in-basket. E!J I reviewed

your case it was clear that somehow your May 20th request for a change in service had

somehow slipped through the cracks. The only possible explanation I can give is that we have

recently had a number of key staff changes which might have resulted in your letter

~ overlooked.

76

I

m'I have directed our Installation Group to contact you by the end of this week to

ED a time convenient to you when they could go to your house and install your new router

and make the necessary adjustments to your software.

Because of this serious oversight, and as a testament to our EE of you as our customer, we

are going to provide you ~ your first three months of high speed service free of charge.

Therefore, your account will not be billed until October of this year.

Ms. Ouinlan, let me assure you that EIJ happened in your case is not typical of Cable99's

level of customer service. We continue EIlJ to providing you and all of our customers with the

highest standards of service in the industry.

If you have any questions please don't hesitate to call me at 5551234.

Yours in service,

Paul Shortino

Manager, Customer Solutions

Ell [ill sincerely EE [ill should have experienced EE [ill As early

[Q] sincere [Q] may have experienced [Q] As soon as

[I] sincerious [I] have to experienced [I] In moment

m[ill being m[ill Consequent ED [ill set down

[Q] was [Q] Consequention [Q] set around

[I] had been [I] Consequent ly [I] set up

EE [ill appreciate~ [ill for

[Q] appreciation [Q] to

[I] appreciating [I] with

EIJ [ill what EIlJ [ill to commit

[Q] which [Q] to be committed

[I] why [I] to being committed

77

Read the following text and decide which of the words or phrases (a-o) is missing in items 31-40. Markyour answers on the answer sheet.

Girls just want to talk - out of townReunions of best friends from coLLege, high school,mgrade school, have been going on for years

at campfires, beach houses and Broadway shows.

Now marketers are discovering that girls want to get away, talk EE themselves and have fun

without any husbands and children. What used to be a low-key tradition has spurred a magazine

devoted to the trips.

Barbara Pereda of Hazlet, N.J., has been vacationing with the same five women in their 20s for

about six years and says there's nothing like EE new places with old friends.

"If you go with family, you do the family thing," Pereda says. "If you go with couples, you do the couples

thing. But with friends, who all have the same basic outlook, you have a lot of freedom and good times."

Girlfriends fiLL a void that significant others can't, says Dr. Jean Baker Miller, a clinical professor of

psychiatry at Boston University Medical School and director of a center at WeLLesley College that '

studies human connections.

"Women oftenmfrom not having anyone who really is attuned to what they are experiencing,"

she says. "Husbands, boyfriends, partners may mean a great deal, but there's something about

having someone who really understands you."

Themcan survive through marriages and children, and last longer than 50 years. Just ask the

Buzzin' Dozen, a group of 12 women originally from Rockford, Ill., who had a five-day reunion in

Las Vegas in the spring.

"One of the girls is always teasing, 'When are we going to have another slumber party?' " says Cynthia

Montaleone of Rockford. "So I thought, 'Well, why don't we have a big slumber party in Las Vegas?' "

The women in their 70s, who now live in six ED,liked the irony of meeting in Sin City after

spending a childhood supervised by nuns.

Friendships need nurturing, and Miller says she knows ofmbetter time than out of town for a,

weekend or longer.

That's the idea behind Girlfriend Getaways, what Arthur Frommer's Budget Travel hopes will become

an annual magazine.

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Reunited girlfriends enjoy talking about, in order, men, the past, sex, their children and the future,mto a Royal Caribbean International survey of more than 1,500 women nationwide. The same

survey said almost half of those responding had taken girls-only trips since 2001, and nine of ten

were planning EIJ trips or wanted to.

Nancy Edwards of Phoenix gets together with seven childhood buddies every five years. The

women, who have been close since seventh grade at WK Kellogg Junior High in Battle Creek,

celebrated their 65th birthdays on a Caribbean cruise.

"We knew each other's parents, each other's siblings, we know each other's husbands and each

other's children, and we have a lot that we can catch up on," says Edwards, one of the Girls From

Battle Creek, who all now live throughout the country.

Cameron Tuttle, author of The BadGirl's Guide to the Open Road, says road trips should be~ for

women.

"Every woman needs to find a time and place to break her rules in order to be happy," Tuttle says.

@] according

IT] connections

[Q] no

[ill even

[fJ going [ill suffer

[5] states DJ exploring

~ instead

DJ specific

[I] such IIJ among [ill mandatory [IT] country [Q] about


Decide wh ich headline (a-g) goes with each news item.Mark your answers on the answer sheet.


79

Tracks 34-38:

m IQl [§] No charges pressed against officers

[5J New bullet train introduced

tE [fJ CLEAN-UP W O RK QUICKLY D O NE

t.JJ [ill Speeding train driver under investigation

~2f [ill Plane in trouble but no one hurt

rn Leaking gas causes detour

~ tJ [ill Airport terminal closed for summer

You will hear a report. First you will have one minute to read the introduction and the items. Thenyou will hear the report. You will hear the report only once. Then you will have time to answer thequestions.



Track 39:

~ Carol was getting ready excitedly for her very first family rafting.

~ The Snake River accident involving three people is still under invest igati on by the Park Services.

mRafting businesses depend on skiing and other outdoor businesses.

~ Businesses in the Eastwill suffer because visito rs were scared off by unbearably hot weather.

~ People need the weather forecast to make their decision about their trip.

~ There are signs, which mean the all time record might be broken.

~ In some areas rivers are getting close to their maximum capacity, than ks to the good weather.

~ Mark Zoeller would like to see at least twice as many user visits this season.

~ According to John Wood, they have to drive more than 2 hours for food.

~ There was a slight increase in the amount of water in Rio Grande River compared to last year'sMemorial Day weekend.

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Tracks 40-44:

In Cedar Pointe Golf Club

@] brand-new courses await for the visitors.

[liJ the restaurant is still being reconstructed.

[I] a new small lake is being built.

Trendy Outfit's special offer includes

@] stocking up saving for the little ones.

[liJ buying two beach towels for the price of one.

[I] jeans starting at $16.50.

The airport car park offers

@] a 10-minute free-of-charge parking in the whole parking area.

[liJ discounts on parking reservations made online.

'[I] prepaid parking cards at the pay stations.

When calling Cable Express to talk to the operator

@] you have to press "5".

[liJ you can leave a message and they call you back.

[I] you have to press "0" or hold the line.

Fun & Adventure park will be

@] open to the public every day in summer.

[liJ closed for the spring break.

[I] open throughout the year except holidays.

81

Test 4

Situation 1:Your friend is looking for a job in the travel industry and you find this brochure.

Atlantic Cruise LineEvery great success story has to start somewhere. For Atla ntic C ruise Line, it all began in 1985 with onerented ocean liner ma king the trip from Rotterdam to New York. Today, we are the second largest cruiseline, boa sting one of the youngest fleets in the industry and to destinations all over the world. From Sydneyto San Francisco, Boston to Cape Town, we have built an enviable reputation for the very higheststandards of service on the seas. So, how did we travel so fa r in such a short space of time?

The secret behind our success is a simple one : peo ple. Talented and self-motivated people who sharein our passion , drive, energy and commitment to providing only the very best. Togethe r, we have createda fast-movin g culture that thrives on inspi ration a l leadership, po sitive att itudes and co mmercial f lair. Weare a lways looking fo r the next big idea. And because we are a lways ready to listen to ou r people andwhat they have to say, who knows, it co uld come from you.

As far as the day-to-day service is concerned, wherever you join us, you wi ll be totally fo cused ondelivering the Atlantic brand. This means the customer and their experience of travelling with us willalways be front of mind . You will need to ta ke respon sibility fo r you r actions, use your initiative and beready to support those around you.

Friendly, yet always professional , ou rs is a unique business in which to work. And you'll help to keep itthat way. So lo ng as you are prepared to make the most of your talents, con tribute some bri ght ideas and have a great time while you are doi ng it - we wo uld love to hear fro m you.

So whatever your talent, you can be sure we can find a home for it - and give it every opportunity to grow.

Atlantic Cruise LineP.O. Box 649281018 W AMSTERDAMThe Netherlands

Write a letter to your friend and recommend that he should apply.Your letter should contain at least two of the following points and one other aspect:

• Why you think he should apply· The advantages of working abroad· Future career opportunities this job can open up• Your experience in working abroad

Before starting the letter, decide on the order in which you think the three points should beincluded as well as an appropriate introduction and close. Include your address, date, salutationand closing formula.


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Situation 2:You see the following advertisement on the Internet.

We create the ultimateglobal training experience!

Turn what could be four average months of a vacation into a once-in-a-lifetimechance to live in and understand the United States, to make lifelong friends andvaluable contacts, and to do it all while building your CV to impress futureemployers. Most importantly, through the PTA® program, you can turn those fourmonths into an invaluable experience that can have a lasting effect on building theglobal community.

PTA® is located in Baltimore, Mary land, near the nation's capital. Since 1950,more than 55,000 people from more than 100 countries have participated in PTA®exchange visitor programs for on-the-job practical training in professional fieldsranging from computer science to hospitality and culinary arts to businessadministration. PTA® is a private non-profit cultural exchange organization thatcreates the ultimate global training and cultural exchange experience.

Contact Information:PTA®

Cathy Wilson, Program ManagerP.O. Box 63913

Baltimore, MD 21044-3519

You are interested in doing some pract ical t raining abroad. You decide to write a letter to thecontact person because you would like to have more deta ils.


• Write about your work and educational experience• Say what f ield you want to work in· Ask about th e assistance the company provides• Ask about the applicat ion requirements

Before starting the letter, decide on the order in which you th ink the three points should beincluded as well as an appropriate introduction and close. Include your address and the address ofthe company, also the reference line, date, salutation and closing formula.

You have 30 minu tes to write the letter.Please write 150-200 words .

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A sporting event you have seen or heard of (memorable moments, type of the event, etc.)

or

Electronic or printed media (magazines, TV, radio, etc.)

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~est 4


Read the following text from a magazine. Discuss the content of the text with your partner.Tell him/her your opinions, give reasons and personal examples to support your ideas.Talk aboutyour own experience with the problems mentioned and possible solutions.

Lost connection: Is technology isolating us?A quiet Lake Michigan beach, the soft sound of wavesgently lapping the shore, the distant cries ofgullscircling high above. A woman walking the shorelinehears neither. She is listening to her iPod.Two friends walking down the street are havingconversations -- with other people! They're walkingside-by-side, but each is conducting a loud, animatedconversation on a cell phone .

You see it everywhe re, people sacrificing "themoment" to technology. More and more,electronic party crashers tag along in situationsonce reserved for "quality time" or "one-on-one."We're caught, experts say, in a time whenrapidly advancing technology is changing ourbehavior, but social rules - and common sense have yet to catch up. The result? You be thejudge.

Lawmakers have had to set limits on the use ofcell ph ones while driving. Theaters remindpatrons to turn off their cell phones beforeshows . And safety experts warn that personallistening devices can put people at risk bymaking them oblivious to what's going onaround them.At North Avenue beach last week, a 12-year-oldwas on his skateboard while his 38-year-oldfather was on his Treo smartphone, whichcombines phone, e-mai l and Internet with abuilt-in camera."Technology is a good thing. I had 40 e-mails andI've answered 10 of them," said the dad, whoidentified himself in the middle of a workday asjeff "uh , Smith." "This," he said, regarding thedevice through dark sunglasses, "is freedom."Or is it?

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Candidates A/B/(C)

You and your partner would like to open your own business after working for years as employees.

First decide on your ideas about the business.


• what type of business you will open

• why this kind of business would be the best

• financial resources you will use

• the most suitable place for the business

• the staff you will employ

• how you will split the responsibilities

• what will make it successful in the future

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telc (szabó-collins)

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