technical specification final

8/10/2019 Technical Specification Final

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Di reccin: Va Manta a San M ateo Km 5, a lado del Hotel Barbasquil lo, Edif ici o Secretara Tcnica del Mar

Telfono: (593 5) 267 900 www.secretar iamar.gob.ec Correo-e: in fo@secretar iamar.gob.ec

Manta Ecuador

1

SECRETARA TCNICA DEL MAR

P R O J E C T

DELIMITACIN DE LOS ESPACIOS MARINOSACORDE CON LA NUEVA CONVENCIN DELMAR

DOCUMENT

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FROM SETEMAR FOR THE

ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF 2D MULTI-CHANNEL

SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA

December 2014

Manta - Manab - Ecuador


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CONTENT

1

SURVEY AREA 4

2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR CHIRP (SUB-BOTTOM PROFILING SURVEY) 6

3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR SSRFL (2D MULTI-CHANNEL SEISMIC REFLECTION

SURVEY) 10

4 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR GRAV (GRAVIMETRIC STUDIES) 15

5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR PROCESSING 19

6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF 2D MULTI-CHANNEL SEISMIC

REFLECTION DATA ACQUISITION 26

6.1 GENERAL 26

6.2

ACQUISITION PROCEDURES 26

A) RUN-IN AND RUN-OUTS 26

B) MINIMUM ACEPTABLE LINE SEGMENT LENGTH 26

C) NUMBERING CONVENTIONS 26

D)

RESHOOTS 26

E)

FEATHER 27

F) SHOOTING STRATEGY 27

G)

UNACCEPTABLE MISFIRE RATE 27

H) DEFINICIN DE UNA FALLA DE DISPARO (MISFIRE) 27

6.3

ENERGY SOURCE 28

6.4 RECORDING SYSTEM 29

A) REQUIREMENTS 29

B) RECORDING INSTRUMENTS QCAND CHECKS 29

C)

DISPLAY 30

D)

SEISMIC STREAMERS 30

E)

PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS 30

F) BAD TRACE DEFINITION 30

G) STREAMER NOISE DEFINITIONS 30

6.5

POSITIONING 31

A) POSITIONING SYSTEM 31

B) ACCURACY 32

C) GYRO COMPASSES 32

D)

CALIBRATIONS 32

6.6 ECHO SOUNDER 33

A)

GENERAL 33


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B) SOUND VELOCITY 33

6.7 STREAMER COMPASSES 33

6.8

SEPARATIONS 34

6.9 NAVIGATION PROCESSING 34


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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FROM SETEMAR FOR THE

ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING OF 2D MULTI-CHANNEL SEISMIC

REFLECTION DATA

1 SURVEY AREA

Figure 1. Seismic data acquisition lines

POINT EAST NORTH LONGITUDE LATITUDE

CARNEGIE RIDGE

CA1 126143,0047 10123822,2310 84 21' 30,448" W 1 7' 5,954" N

CA2 92997,0786 9651487,4748 84 39' 38,245" W 3 8' 47,785" SCA3 60488,5984 9653040,9500 84 57' 9,016" W 3 7' 53,452" S

CA4 68677,9430 10127074,4182 84 52' 26,333" W 1 8' 49,332" N

CA5 23577,2580 10127557,8444 85 16' 42,038" W 1 9' 2,943" N

CA6 15477,3520 9655914,1322 85 21' 23,149" W 3 6' 14,346" S

CA7 -14546,6141 9658279,8274 85 37' 32,569" W 3 4' 53,404" S

CA8 -6526,9387 10127107,6704 85 32' 53,241" W 1 8' 46,812" N

CA9 -36674,1520 10126586,9048 85 49' 5,458" W 1 8' 28,308" N

CA10 -44628,0765 9659574,1288 85 53' 43,595" W 3 4' 7,034" S

COCOS RIDGE

CO2 -603649,8091 10510265,1803 90 54' 0,001" W 4 32' 51,057" N

CO1 -167162,2195 10177219,6697 86 59' 12,998" W 1 35' 40,409" N


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POINT EAST NORTH LONGITUDE LATITUDE

CO3 -185406,1252 10153379,7291 87 8' 57,982" W 1 22' 46,690" N

CO4 -770948,8836 10597798,3135 92 23' 43,332" W 5 18' 5,735" N

CO5 -789268,7971 10575512,4302 92 33' 13,426" W 5 6' 3,779" N

CO6 -203649,3078 10129524,2081 87 18' 42,965" W 1 9' 52,901" N

PROLONGATION

PRO1 152346,2043 9921792,5690 84 7' 22,639" W 0 42' 23,433" S

PRO2 -185591,8210 9937986,0154 87 8' 58,601" W 0 33' 28,115" S

PRO3 -319108,0782 9953548,0740 88 20' 27,630" W 0 25' 0,469" S

PRO4 -390102,5281 10038370,6078 88 58' 23,651" W 0 20' 37,580" N

PRO5 -450494,3874 10045861,2098 89 30' 37,414" W 0 24' 37,156" N

PRO6 150896,4425 9891998,4816 84 8' 10,250" W 0 58' 32,339" S

PRO7 -360692,0568 9916225,4487 88 42' 42,982" W 0 45' 3,720" S

PRO8 149454,5618 9862205,9798 84 8' 57,860" W 1 14' 41,168" S

PRO9 -191854,8903 9878295,6179 87 12' 23,061" W 1 5' 40,562" S

PRO10 -220656,4206 9851523,2805 87 27' 51,362" W 1 20' 4,985" S

PRO11 -254601,0482 9853415,2698 87 46' 2,312" W 1 19' 0,828" S

PRO12 -330883,5900 9834125,2676 88 26' 53,741" W 1 29' 16,709" S

PRO13 -405930,6255 9838400,1479 89 6' 59,461" W 1 26' 50,292" S

PRO14 -474429,9778 10090400,2455 89 43' 25,328" W 0 48' 30,075" N

PRO15 -562922,5244 10105474,4985 90 30' 33,342" W 0 56' 27,819" N

PRO16 -391951,7854 10348418,4791 89 0' 5,112" W 3 7' 16,988" N

PRO17 -459502,9613 10399994,8476 89 36' 25,269" W 3 34' 40,467" N

PRO18 -597341,8554 10204773,5072 90 49' 4,352" W 1 49' 31,245" N

PRO19 -593306,4716 10127907,7427 90 46' 44,714" W 1 8' 25,065" N

PRO20 -648454,8781 10182543,8112 91 16' 9,416" W 1 37' 29,658" N

PRO21 -626657,7764 10141577,1249 91 4' 29,270" W 1 15' 39,643" N

PRO22 -651838,7752 10612600,4617 91 20' 31,376" W 5 27' 7,627" N

PRO23 -812118,0225 10611568,1323 92 45' 42,040" W 5 24' 59,856" N

PRO24 -737490,9411 10198513,3373 92 3' 23,895" W 1 45' 44,870" N

PRO25 -708797,6392 10162673,0411 91 48' 6,037" W 1 26' 43,829" N


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2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR CHIRP (SUB-BOTTOM

PROFILING SURVEY)1

No. Activity Specification

1 Section that specifiesthe part of Art 76 andCLCS applied in thismethodology

The CLCS in item 11 of 1999, defined the source data of the seismic

profiler, the following rules shall be applied:

2.1.12. Pursuant to the above provisions, paragraph 4 (b) provides a

dual regime for the identification of the foot of the slope based on

either geomorphological and bathymetric evidence or an additional

source of evidence:

"In the absence of evidence to the contrary, the foot of the continental

slope shall be determined as the point of maximum change in the

gradient at its base."2.1.13. Whereas the point of maximum change in the gradient at its

base identifies the position of the foot of the continental slope as a

rule, the Commission is bound by this provision to examine all

additional evidence provided by a coastal State for the identification

of alternative points to locate the foot of the continental slope.

9.3.1. Seismic data may include both seismic reflection and seismicwide-angle reflection/refraction data.

2 Section that explainswhich points will bedefined with thismethodology todefine the continentalboundary.

8.2. Relevant geophysical techniques and data

8.2.1. The Commission will regard the data provided by seismic

reflection and seismic refraction surveys as the primary source of

evidence for mapping and determining the sediment thickness.

Gravimetric and magnetic data may be provided at all times as

complementary sources of evidence. These complementary forms of

evidence are particularly relevant in instances where only a non-

comprehensive seismic database may be available.

3 Sailing routesSee Section 1.

Setemar has planned a data acquisition cruise, estimating 52 days for

the acquisition of 4067 km of seismic line at a speed of 4.5 knots

2

.

The figures and table in Section 1 show the tracks that represent the

intended seismic lines in the survey area. The navigation tracks will

be defined prior to data acquisition.

4 Expected ResultsProcessed data (SEG-Y) files to be used for further determination of

the stratification of surface unconsolidated sediments in high

resolution.

1This specification should be used with the tender documents (Terms of Reference) and the technical

proposal presented by Gardline. Although specifications have been reviewed to avoid conflicts, in caseof doubt the specifications of the terms of reference and the technical proposal take precedence overthis specification. Any discrepancies of this specification with actual work performed by the contractor,

should be registered by the Contract Supervisor.2Actual tracks will be discussed before departure of vessel to data acquisition cruise.


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5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000

Phasing Manual and automatic (up to 50% overlap)

Units

meters, feet or fathoms

Resolution

1cm (0-99.99), 1dm (100 to 999.9), 1m (> 1000)

1/100ft (0-99.99), 1/10ft (100 to 999.9), 1 ft (> 1000)

1/100fm (0-99.99), 1/10fm (100 to 999.9), 1fm (> 1000)

Speed of sound

1300 - 1800 m / s Resolution 1m / s

4265 - 5906 ft / s Resolution / s 1 ft

710-984 fm / s Resolution 1 fm / sHigh accuracy

0-100m Resolution de 1 cm

0-328 ft Resolution 0.01ft

0.01fm 0-54fm Resolucin

Operational temperature

0 50 C

Additional Features

Frequency agility on all channels

Full Spectrum chirp and correlation processing

Selectable frequency sweep and windows

Pinger Mode Capacity of drivers for all popular GPS

Signal generator built-in test

Dataloggers industry standard and support

processing software (Hypack, QINSy, SonarWiz)

Flip offset echogram

Options

Side scan option

Network Option for multiple operations PC

Indicators of remote viewing

Sim Sonar Echo Signal Simulator

Probe Software Suite (included) Windows Vista, XP and 2000 compatible

Easy to use graphical user interface (GUI)

Post-survey: software and print screen

Great Digitized Depth Display

Print to standard Windows printers and most profiles in thermal

printer

6 TolerancesSeismic profiler data should identify features of the thicknesses layers

up to 50 centimeters.

7 Data FormatRaw Data.

All digital data, such as position and gyro data.

The data format and data referenced to UTC time will also


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be included.

Metadata shall be provided for all sub bottom data. It will have a detailed list of all the files submitted, their size

and format should be provided.

All data must be in WGS 84 UTM zone 17 of the Carnegie Ridge and

the WGS 84 / UTM zone 16 of Cocos Ridge.

8 Pre-processing There is no data pre-processing in this specification.

9 ProcessingData processing will be done with the raw file storage and data export

to SEG-Y.

10 ProductsProcessed data to determine upon further studies the crustal

structure of cross-sections based on data from seismic profiling.

Profiles and data y-axis to depth and x-axis to distance for the

seafloor.

11 ReportsA final report on computer documentation, procedures and operations

research should be given to SETEMAR within 60 days of completion

of the study. This report shall include a complete description of the

procedures for collecting CHIRP data as required by UNCLOS Article

76 and the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission of

the United Nations Law of the Sea (CLCS/11)

12 Method of paymentAccording to form of payment established in the Contract.

13 AuditVerification of recorded lines seismic profiling, reviewing log of

contacts or relevant atmospheric changes that affect data acquisition.

14 CertificationsThe officer in charge of the survey will have a category of inspector,and scientist in charge shall be responsible for planning recognition

research.

Daily report of the equipment calibration.

Preliminary report of the survey line.

Personnel certification.

Equipment certification.

15 Documentationprovided with thisspecification

There is no documentation provided with this specification.


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No. Activity Specifications

and Carnegie ridges.

3 Sailing routes

See Section 1.

The starting point will be the Port of Manta or any selected port by

the consultant, and the approximate distance to the start of the

uprising (Carnegie area) is 400 miles.

Setemar has planned a 52-day data acquisition, estimating 36 days

for the acquisition of 4067 km of seismic line at a speed of 4.5 knots5.

The figures of the Section 1 show the tracks that represent the

intended seismic in the survey area. The navigation tracks will be

defined prior to the data acquisition. The data collected must be for

the minimum distance defined in the Contract.

4 Expected Results The seismic reflection is intended to use sound wave penetrationuntil it reaches the depth of the acoustic basement reflector along

the Carnegie and Cocos ridges.

The identification of this limit will provide the basis for an

interpolation of the boundary of the basement and create a map of

the acoustic basement in the study area.

Based on this result, the thickness of the sediments andstratigraphy will be evaluated, thus generating isopach maps that

allow locating fixed points satisfying the conditions of the sediment

thickness formula. According to scientific studies sediments in the

Carnegie Ridge show an average thickness of 1000 meters.

Knowing the location of the base of the slope is an additional

requirement.

5 Acceptableinstruments forSETEMAR6

For this work, a hydrophone streamer will be used and as a sound

source a compressed air gun with an explosion volume between

4000 and 5000 cubic inches.

Source 1:Low frequency (for cortical studies), consisting of an

array of compressed air guns of at 1950 cu.in., synchronized so it

features a signal peak between 20 and 50 Hz, with a maximum time

between shots 8 to 20 seconds, a CDP interval from 12.5 to 100 m

and a burst pressure of 2000 psi.

Source 2:High frequency between 50 Hz and 400 Hz (for high

resolution studies), and canyons of lower volume, type mini GI-

Gun. Both should offer a minimum ripple and good signal/noise ratio

with a maximum span of 10 seconds between shots, CDP interval 3-

5

Actual tracks will be discussed previous to vessel departure.6For the equipment ti be used durind the survey refer to the technical proposal presented by Gardline.


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5 m and a shot pressure of 2000 psi.

The decision to use the low or high frequency source shall be made

by the scientist in chief and Setemar supervisor. The research team

may change the configuration and the source volume if it considers

appropriate, during survey activities.

Receivers:

A digital streamer of a minimum length of 6000 m consisting of 480

channels spaced every 12.5 meters. Preferably in solid state. The

streamer must have devices of depth control "birds", magnetic

compasses and acoustic positioning units and other warning

devices.

The length of the streamer required for this project must be at least

6 km to penetrate in a water column of an average depth of 2000 to

4000 meters and must penetrate at least 2 kilometers in bottom and

sub-bottom of the seabed considering the geological structure.

The equipment installed for this campaign should be able to

conduct performance tests including: DCO/Noise/Range Test, RMS

Noise Test, Channel-Gain Accuracy Test, Harmonic-Distortion Test,

Common-Mode Rejection, Impulse-Response Test, Crosstalk

Isolation Test, Hydrophone Leakage Test. The Geophysics expert

will elaborate a report of the equipment testing to ensure data

acquisition fidelity.

Data acquisition will follow the QC/QA procedures set forth in

Section 6.

6 Tolerances Refer to Section 6.

7 Data Format The data must be submitted in the following formats:

Seismic Reflection:The raw survey data must be delivered in 3590 or 3592 cartridges

in SEG-D format, LTO or USB3 HD. The following files will bedelivered in new USB3 external disks: File Navigation in UKOOA

P1/90 format and Excel files with transcription of the observer log

books (observer logs) in the first column must contain the date and

time of the event.

In digital SEG-Y format must be delivered traces before stacking

without processing including track position (merge navigation)

using new external drives with USB3 interface.

Using SEG-Y format, results in several critical stages of processing

using new external drives with interface speed USB3

Picks exported to ASCII flat files.


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Other information:All geographic data (vector or raster) used during the campaign for

the planning and operation of the surveys, analysis and

interpretation, must be submitted in ArcGIS readable format (shape

format and MXD) and compiled into a geodatabase, as CLCS

standards.

The maps must clearly show the latitude and longitude, and should

be represented all the basic elements of cartographic design.

The storage of data during acquisition and processing should be

based on international standards for the exchange of digital

seismic data.

All maps must be represented in geographic coordinates, WGS 84,UTM zone 16 and 17 for the CAR and UTM zone 15 for the COR.

8 Preprocessing See Section 5.

9 Processing See Section 5.

10 Products 1. Profiles converted to depth values, with indication ofthe seabed and the surface of the basement.

2. Velocity model of Low spatial density for obtaining the

geological cut.

3. Map of the seismic tracks used to determine the

thickness of sediments, including the numbers of the

shooting points and navigation.

4. Map of the difference in travel time between the seabed

and the basement.

5. Map of differences in time travel converted to depth.

6. Five (5) copies of the technical-scientific report of

"Carnegie" and "Cocos" campaign (printed and digital

in Word format).

7. Document containing the survey parameters indicatingseismic profiles and conversion diagrams time/depth andindicators of the accuracy of the position and speed.

11 Reports The following reports must be submitted:

Technical-scientific report of Carnegie and Cocos

campaigns.

Campaign blog.

Operability report of acquisition of seismic lines.

Report of the survey parameters of seismic profiles

(including chart of time / depth conversion and


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indicators of the accuracy of the position and speed )

Report of the speed analysis in which the conversion

time / depth is based

Daily Report of equipment calibration.

Verification system report.

Quality control of every seismic line report.

Positioning report of streamer and its geometry.

12 Method of payment Payment for this service as established in the Contract.

13 Audit The professional assigned to the project must have at least fiveyears of experience in acquisition activities and acquisition

supervision onboard seismic vessels and will be responsible for the

following aspects of the survey:

Verify and validate the performance testing of

equipment before lifting and develop the respective

acts.

Prepare the daily report of acquisition in which will be

including any development with quality control and

significant events of the reports of the observer.

Verification and validation of the parameters used in

the processing with their respective acceptance act.

Check the integrity of each gathers/stack file to be

exported SEG-Y format to be delivered within the

products.

Analyze the need for inclusion of anisotropy in the

process for depth imaging. (Depth Processing).

Verify that acquisition follows the QC/QA procedures

set forth in Section 6.

14 Certifications

15 Documentation thatcomes with thisspecification

Not included in this specification.


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4 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR GRAV (GRAVIMETRICSTUDIES)

7


1 Section that specifies

which part of Art 76

and which part of the

CLCS is applied to

this methodology.

The CLCS, numeral 11 of 1999, defines as a source data:

5.2.9. Evidence collected in the form of geophysical measurements

includes the full range of geophysical methods, including, but not

limited to, seismic, gravity, magnetic, paleomagnetic and side-scan

sonar imagery data.

6.3.9. Gravity measurements are needed to determine the location of

the transitional zone of the rifted non-volcanic continental margins

and of the sheared continental margins, especially in areas where

magnetic sea-floor spreading anomalies are not well developed.

9.3.10. This information will be included in the second and third parts

of the submission. Whereas only a part of it may be needed in the

main body, the full gravity database will be regarded as an essential

component of the supporting scientific and technical data.

2 Section that explains

which points will be

defined with this

methodology for

definition of

continental boundary

8.2.19. Modelling based on a combination of gravity and magnetic

data may also give an estimated depth-to-top of the basement in

areas with thick sediment piles and no interbedded lava or intrusions.

The range of error from this method is very large relative to the

seismic methods. The error in the determination of the depth-to-top of

the basement depends upon the quality of the magnetic data, the

densities and susceptibilities used in the calculations and the relative

position of the Moho.

However, in areas with ice cover or very deep basements, modelling

of a combination of a heterogeneous gravity and a magnetic data set

may be a valuable supplement to a sparse seismic database used in

the mapping of the top of the ocean bottom.

3 Sailing Routes See Section 1


proposal presented by Gardline. Although specifications have been reviewed to avoid conflicts, in caseof doubt the specifications of the terms of reference and the technical proposal take precedence over

this specification. Any discrepancies of this specification with actual work performed by the contractor,should be registered by the Contract Supervisor.


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Setemar has planned a data acquisition cruise, for the acquisition of

4067 km of seismic line at a speed of 4.5 knots.

The figures of the Section 1 show the tracks that represent the

intended seismic in the survey area. The navigation tracks will be

defined prior to the data acquisition. The data collected must be for

the minimum distance defined in these terms of reference.

4 Expected Results Through inverse theory techniques modelling we could determine the

sediment thickness and deep crustal structures. As a result, it is

necessary to define the potential outer edge of the continental margin

considering that ridges generally exhibit prominent gravity anomalies.

Data is represented in profiles that allow generating a thickness

model based on prominent gravity anomalies.

5 Acceptable

Instruments for

SETEMAR8

The gravity data should be collected with a marine gravimeter, e.g.

The marine gravimeter needs to be capable of providing gravity

measurements at an accuracy better than 2 mgal r.m.s. (1 mgal = 10-

5m/s2) after filtering. The filtering length (full width) will be no longer

than 5 min. The drift of the gravimeter during marine observations will

be less than 5 mgal/month. The contractor will indicate the

performance and reliability of the proposed gravity survey system.

The marine gravity measurements will be tied with the reference

gravity points before and after of the gravimetric survey. If the profiles

are more than 1 week prior or after the actual survey, the contractor

will demonstrate the performance of the gravimeter to be sufficiently

stable to give a bias accuracy of better than 2 Mgal during the survey

period. The gravity reference point values must be given in absolute

gravity system or IGSN71. A land gravimeter will, if necessary, be

used to tie into reference gravity points not immediately located at

pier.

6 Tolerances Gravity data shall be collected on all straight-line seismic. The raw

marine gravity data shall be collected and stored at 10 sec intervals

or less. The contractor shall provide GPS coordinates from the ship

navigation system and bathymetric data depth vertically below ship

extracted from echo sounder data at a similar interval for the

processing of gravity data into marine free-air and Bouguer

anomalies.

7 Data Format Raw data

All digital data such as position data and orientation.

8

The equipment to be used in the survey is in the technical proposal by Gardline. Actual equipmentused cannot be of a lower technical specification.


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The data format and data/time referenced to UTC, also shall

be included. Metadata shall be provided for all gravity data.

A detailed listing of all files submitted, their size and format

shall be provided.

A metadata file is to be produced for each profile. The metadata

associated will reflect the surface and will not include detailed

metadata that we currently associate with individual gravity

measurement. For gravimeter data, it is required that raw data are

included and all data after the processing including the files storage

with the filters.

Aboard ship, after the data acquisition phase, all corrections must be

examined, and data will be reduced for position, elevation,orientation, and water column and refraction effects and provided in a

cleaned fully integrated form. All the data need to be in WGS 84 UTM

zone 16 for CARNEGIE RIDGE, and WGS84/ UTM zone 17 for

COCOS RIDGE.

8 Pre-Processing There is no data pre-processing in this specification.

9 Processing Processing of data will be done with zero-phase filtering, providing

track no, UTC, latitude, longitude, filtered gravity, free-air anomalies

(GRS80 ellipsoid) and marine Bouguer anomalies (standard density

2.67 g/cm3

). A detailed processing report should include details onfiltering and pre-existing gravity ties.

Gravity data are required at survey area. If interval between the data

collected and the preexisting data is similar , Consultant shall accept

the quality control of on one or more gravity with ties (cross-overs)

with existing marine surveys, providing such surveys are recent (i.e.,

GPS navigation has been used). It is important to have an accuracy

of 1.5 Mgal RMS. or better, and a well-defined and well-described

gravity reference system. It is up to the SETEMAR to verify the quality

of such data.

10 Products Processed gravimetric data.

Gravity profileswith horizontalscaleandgravity scale inMgals, the

set of pointsis interpolatedto generatemodelcorticalcrust in further

studies.

11 Reports A final report documenting equipment, procedures and survey

operations shall be delivered to SETEMAR within 60 days of the

completion of the survey. This report will include a full description of

the gravity data collection procedures as required under UNCLOS

Article 76 and outlined in the Scientific and Technical Guidelines of


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the UN Commission on the Law of the Sea (CLCS/11).

12 Payment Form The form of payment is established in the contract

13 Audit Verification engraving gravimetric lines, revision of log of contacts orrelevant atmospheric changes that affect data acquisition.

14 CertificationsThe officer in charge shall hold an accepted certification and the

scientific in charge will take responsibility for survey planning.

Daily report of equipment calibration.

Preliminary report by survey line. Personnel certification.

Equipment certification.

Use of gravity systems certification and experience handling

gravity data acquisition for at least 5 years.

15 Documentation

provided with this

specification

There is no documentation provided with this specification.


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5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR PROCESSING9


1 Section that specifies

the part of Art. 76 and

CLCS applied in this

methodology

The processing of the 2D seismic data can be used to verify that the

conditions exist to fulfill the condition established in Paragraph

76.4.(a).(i). Due to the fact that the relationship is established on the

basis of a percentage between distances, the data processing must

deliver results in depth (m or km).

2 Section that explainswhich points will be

defined with this

methodology to

define the continental

boundary

The sediment thickness methodology specified in Paragraph 76.4.(a)

indicates that the external limit of the continental shelf must be set

referenced to fixed points in which the thickness of the sediments of

the sea basement is equal to 1% of the shortest distance between

each one of these points and the foot of the continental slope

(sediment thickness formula). Therefore, the thicker the sediments,

the more toward the sea the external limit of the continental margin

will be located. For this formula to be applied, a series of fixed points

that comply with the aforementioned features must be determined.

These points must be separated from each other by a maximum

distance of 60 miles.

On the basis of the structure of the sea bottom, it is estimated that

these points will probably be located along the upper and lower flanks

of the Carnegie and Cocos ridges.

3 Sailing routes The starting point will be the port of Manta, and the approximate

distance to the surveys initial point (Carnegie zone) is 400 miles.

Setemar has planned a data collecting cruise, for the acquisition of

4067 km of seismic lines.

The tracks shown in the figures of Section A represent the intended2D seismic reflection data collection in the survey area. The tracks to

be sailed will be defined previous to the data collection work. The

data collection will be completed for the distance stipulated in these

terms of reference.

.


proposal presented by Gardline. Although specifications have been reviewed to avoid conflicts, in caseof doubt the specifications of the terms of reference and the technical proposal take precedence over

this specification. Any discrepancies of this specification with actual work performed by the contractor,should be registered by the Contract Supervisor.


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4 Expected results Pre-stack time migration (PSTM) of all tracks shown in Annex A

(4067km).

Pre-stack depth migration (PSDM) of tracks, selected by Setemar,

shown in Section 1 (4067 km).

5 Acceptable

instruments for

SETEMAR10

The contractor must provide seismic processing applications that are

of common use in the industry. Proprietary applications are not

permitted. The consultant must specify the application to be used in

each step.

6 Tolerances The consultant must carry out the collection and processing job

according to industry norms, such as those published by the

International Association of Geophysical Contractors (IAGCI) and the

International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP), e.g.,

Overview of marine seismic operations, Report No. 448, April 2011.

7 Data Format The formats to be used are:

SEG D for data recording.

SEG Y for information exchange.

According to its experience and processing, the consultant could use

any of the formats of the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)

available at:

http://www.seg.org/resources/publications/misc/technical-standards

The use of proprietary formats for data recording and transfer is not

permitted.

8 Pre-processing Pre-processing that must be specified will be carried out onboard the

research platform.

Processing during navigation

The processing during navigation must be carried out in a single

system, using all the information available and all the nodes must be

integrated on the basis of their statistical properties. All the

processing and post-processing during the navigation must be carried

out with the equipment installed onboard the vessel.

The contractor must show at the end of the next day of navigation (48

10Supervisionb must refer to technical specifications of equipmenr
http://www.seg.org/resources/publications/misc/technical-standardshttp://www.seg.org/resources/publications/misc/technical-standardshttp://www.seg.org/resources/publications/misc/technical-standards


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hours) that all precision requirements demanded during the data

collection have been satisfied.

The tapes with the processed data will be used as input to generate

the final processed deliverables, and each step of the process must

be justified through routines that verify the quality of the documented

data.

9 Processing The basic sequence for marine 2D seismic data processing is shownbelow.


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Pre-processing (reformatting, editing, amplitude retrieval)

Geometry

Noise attenuation

Amplitude analysis

Consistent deconvolution on surface


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Spectral balancing

Bandpass filter

Transformation in the -p domain (multiple suppression)

Velocity analysis (see note)

Attenuation of deep multiples

Sound attenuation

Amplitudes balancing or pre-staking gain (if necessary)

Dip moveout (DMO-Vels)

Velocity analysis

NMO correction and wavelet stretch muting

Stacking

FX deconvolutionVelocity analysis

Migration

Final filters and presentation gains


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100% processing to obtain a PSTM and PSDM results.PSDM: Pre-stack depth migration

PSTM: Pre-stack time migration

10 Products Item I: PSTM of between X and X km of 2D marine seismic data.

Item II: PSDM of up to depth 2000 m of 2D marine seismic data.

The deliverables will be the following:

SEGY media of final 2D PSTM gathers

DLT SEGY media of final 2D velocity model


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DLT SEGY media of final 2D PSTM stack data (full stack and angle

stacks)

CD or DVD of P1/90 final navigation data

Final Processing Report (CD ROM)

Final Processing Report (paper version)

PSTM: Pre-stack time migration

PSDM: Pre-stack depth migration

11 Reports The following reports will be delivered:

SEGY media of final 2D PSTM gathers

DLT SEGY media of final 2D velocity model

DLT SEGY media of final 2D PSTM stack data (full stack

and angle stacks)

CD or DVD of P1/90 final navigation data

Final Processing Report (CD ROM)

Final Processing Report (paper version)

12 Method of payment The payment will be according to the terms of the contract.

13 Audit SETEMAR will contract separately the audit of the processing work.

The consultant must allow the auditor access to the spaces were the

data processing work is being carried out. According to what is

specified in the contract.

14 Experience and

required staff

The processing center proposed by the company must have

completed at least one job, in the last 10 years, of processing of

offshore-acquired seismic data, and must have an adequate

processing capacity.

A minimum of 20,000 km of 2D marine seismic data or 500 km2of 3D

marine seismic data processed in the last 10 years.

15 Documentation

delivered with these

specifications

Not included in this specification.


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6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR QUALITY CONTROL OF 2D

MULTI-CHANNEL SEISMIC REFLECTION DATA ACQUISITION

6.1 General

This document defines the minimum quality requirements for the marine data acquisition.

The onboard Setemars representative will verify the work with reference to the technical

specifications on a line by line basis. Contractor will notify Setemars representative

whenever the technical specifications contained within this document are not complied with.

The tolerances and specifications may be relaxed by Se temars representative in

consultation with the technical group.

All logs, test results, and other quality control information will be available to Setemarsrepresentative at all times. Contractor is required to provide information concerning all

equipment, configuration and spares complement proposed for the survey.

Setemar shall provide Contractor with the final coordinates of the survey area, sub-surface

line spacing and orientation prior to survey start. Setemar shall also specify the spheroid,

datum and map projection to be used for the Work. Contractor shall be responsible for

producing start and end line coordinates and a pre-plot chart, at a scale appropriate for the

size of the survey, showing all lines in relation to the survey area.

6.2 Acquisition Procedures

a) Run-in and run-outs

Line run-in distance shall be sufficient to ensure that the streamer is optimally positioned

prior to the start of acquisition of each acquisition line. This distance is usually set to one

(01) streamer length. Line run-outs shall be sufficient to achieve full fold coverage, and will

not be less than streamer length plus streamer source distances.

b) Minimum aceptable line segment length

The minimum acceptable length of a seismic line is 5 km of full fold data.

c) Numbering conventions

The streamer channel allocation convention is such that the first trace (trace # 1) is the one

closest to the vessel, starting on starboard side, and equivalent for numbering of the guns.

d) Reshoots

A line, or any part of a line, should be considered a reshoot if this part has already been

acquired in a previous attempt. When the reshoot is a partial line, only the affected data will

be reshot. Every reshoots shall be recorded in the same direction as the original line. Every


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reshoot segment must have an overlap of 10 shot points, in addition to performing and

considering the run-in and run-out lines.

e) Feather

The effects of tides and currents on streamer feathering will be watched closely, and every

effort will be made to keep the feather low. If feather angle exceeds 10 degrees, it shall be

brought to the attention of the Setemar representative and be recorded in Observer's logs.

For lines acquired using one or more sequences, feather should be matched within 10

degrees in the overlap area(s).

f) Shooting strategy

A shooting strategy for the survey shall be developed prior to survey start.

g) Unacceptable misfire rate

A line or line segment shall not be accepted if there are:

8 or more consecutive misfires

12 misfires in any 24 consecutive records

16 misfires in any 40 consecutive records

The cumulative misfires shall not exceed 5% for a line or line segment and 2% for the all

acquisition.

h) Definicin de una falla de disparo (misfire)

A misfire is defined as any condition resulting in an unusable record or no record at all. Any

of the following conditions shall be considered as misfire:

No seismic data recorded (or incomplete record)

Loss of time zero signature pulse

Loss of header data

Loss of the on-line QC systems, unless data can be played back and confirmed by

QC offline systems.

No shot fired

Auto firing or misfiring of units of source array.

Loss of synchronization between acquisition time and energy source fire time.

Source signature does not meet performance specifications

Failure of any gun (or combination of guns) not acceptable according to the gun

dropout out criteria derived for the particular survey. Air pressure does not meet performance specifications

Source depth is outside performance specifications

Failure of two or more source depth indicators

Recording system is in any way outside manufacturer's specifications.

Seismic streamers do not meet manufacturers specifications

Streamer noise levels exceeds performance specifications

Streamer balance/depth does not meet performance specifications

Number of bad streamer channels does not meet performance specifications

No navigation data recorded (or incomplete record)

Failure of vessel primary and secondary navigation system

Source positioning does not meet performance specifications


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No gyro information

6.3 Energy Source

The nominal operating pressure shall be 2000 +/- 5% lb/pulg. The air gun pressure will be

monitored by a minimum of 1 pressure transducer per source string and the actual pressure

shall never be less than 90% nor more than 110% of the nominal operating pressure. Each

source sub array shall be equipped with a minimum of 2 depth transducers. Nominal source

depth is defined in the Document of Work/Call Off/Acquisition Parameters, and shall never

vary by more than +/- 1.0 meter.

Separations between individual strings in the array will be monitored real-time by RGPS. All

data, including gun position, mask, firing time and gun pressure will be recorded on a shot-

by-shot basis.

Source performance is monitored by field hydrophones. At the start of each line there shall

be at least one (01) operative hydrophone per sub array. The air gun timing shall be

maintained within +/- 1 ms.

Firing, synchronization and monitoring of the gun arrays shall be controlled by the gun

controller. The gun controller should be able to detect which gun fired, auto-fires and double

pops. In addition to monitoring field hydrophones, solenoid coil current, and air line pressure,

the gun controller shall be able to monitor depth at the front and tail of each sub array and

timing performances for each gun.

Operations will be governed by the source drop-out criteria, and shooting will continue as

long as the specifications set in the source drop-out report are met. Prior to survey start a

source modelling report with allowable drop-out specifications will be made. This will be

supplied by Contractor and agreed by Setemar. Drop-out specifications are based on

signatures modelled with Nucleus or Gundalf, whereby the following criteria are used:

The average deviation in the 10 to 70 Hz bandwidth from the spectrum of the full

array shall not exceed +/- 1.5 dB

The maximum deviation from the spectrum of the full array shall not exceed +/- 3 dB

anywhere in the 10 to 70 Hz bandwidth The signal strength peak-to-peak output shall be within 10% of the full array output

The change in peak-to-bubble ratio shall not be more than 15%

Far-field source signature specifications are in accordance with the SEG recommendations

as published in the Special Report of the SEG Technical Standards Committee SEG

standards for specifying marine seismic energy sources Geophysics, Vol. 53, No. 4 (April

1988), pp. 556-575. Specifications and drop-out criteria are referenced to the response of a

DFS-V recording system with a bandwidth of out-128 Hz for a 72 dB/octave slope.

Prior to start of survey the following tests will be performed as a minimum:


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A check of all guns solenoid and timing sensor

Click test to verify the gun positions correspond to the gun controller

Calibration of depth sensors

Verification that depth rope is correct for source depth

Tap test of all near field hydrophones

Inspection of the lifting equipment

A check of the hardware and accessories including shackles, bushings, chains and

floats

6.4 Recording System

a) Requirements

The equipment shall perform according to manufacturers specifications.

Polarity will be in accordance with SEG convention.

Data shall be recorded on two sets of tape. Only new recording media shall be used.

Acceptable media is IBM 3592, LTO-2 tape or USB3 HD. Contractor shall verify the integrity

of all recorded data.

b) Recording instruments QC and checks

Instrument tests will be performed in accordance with manufactures recommendations.

These tests are:

Instrument noise

Instrument distortion

Instrument crosstalk

Instrument gain/phase error

Common mode rejection

Instrument pulse

In addition the following field tests will be performed:

Cut off

Leakage

Capacitance

Noise

Impulse response.

All tests will be performed on a daily basis.


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c) Display

Field records for every shot will be available for screen display on high resolution monitors.

Data is continuously monitored and the QC products are saved in electronic format for

inspection during and after a line. Near trace data is accumulated real-time on hard-disk.

d) Seismic streamers

Streamer depth controllers (birds) will be placed at intervals of 300 meters along the active

part of the streamer. All depth detectors shall be checked prior to deployment. Average

streamer depth shall not vary by more than +/- 1 m from the specified depth. Depth readings

will be recorded to tape for every shot.

The feather for each streamer shall be measured for every shot point.

e) Performance specifications

The maximum number of bad traces allowed is 3 in any 120 channels, and there shall not be

more than 2 adjacent bad channels. Every effort shall be made to keep the near trace

operational.

The maximum distance between operational depth indicators shall not exceed 600 m.

f) Bad trace definition

Any of the following is considered a bad trace:

Trace is dead

Trace is intermittent or clipped

Trace is out of phase by more than 30 degrees

Trace has reversed polarity

The sensitivity in operating conditions as derived from the seismic data is different

by more than 3 dB from normal adjacent channels

The unfiltered RMS noise level averaged over one acquired line (sequence) is 3dB

higher than the average of its adjacent normal channels

As a guideline to determine what will be considered normal channels, calibration

certificates should be available to document hydrophone sensitivity for a number of sections

in the streamer. For at least 10% of the sections in the streamer, such documentation should

be less than 6 months old.

g) Streamer noise definitions

A receiver noise test should be performed at the start and end of each line. Unusual events

shall be brought to the attention of the Setemar representative and be recorded in

Observer's logs.

The following general noise specifications shall be used as guidelines:


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Streamer noise shall be given in microbars RMS and measured over the full

recording cycle through a 6 Hz 24dB/octave low cut filter and with the streamer at

the specified tow depth.

Random noise shall not exceed:

15 microbars for 10 first traces

10 microbars around birds, pingers, DigiFINs and at the last trace

7 microbars noise for all other traces

Swell noise of up to 25 microbars can be tolerated if appearing on less than 15% of

shot records on any line. Higher noise levels may be accepted at the discretion of

Setemars representative.

Coherent noise shall be assessed according to the following:

Amplitude and frequency of the interfering signal

Duration of the noise

Repetition and synchronization of the interference

Moveout of the interference

Constant interference up to 10 microbars will only be tolerated to a maximum

duration of 4 seconds. As a general rule coherent noise should not exceed the

following limits:

Coherent Noise from Ahead

Time difference Max noise level (rms) microbar

0 -1000 ms 6

1000 - 1100 ms 10

11001500 ms 20

1500 ms - 40

Coherent Noise from Behind

Time difference Max noise level (rms) microbar

0 -50 ms 6

50150 ms 10150 - 250 ms 20

250 ms - 40

6.5 Positioning

a) Positioning system

Contractor shall supply, maintain and operate one primary and one secondary DGPS based

positioning system for the vessel, in addition to a complete source and streamer positioning

system capable of continuous operation and with a sufficient level of redundancy to enable


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gross error detection/removal. The secondary system shall, including the source of

differential corrections, be as independent as possible from the primary positioning system.

Magnetic compasses shall be used in combination with Relative GPS (RGPS) systems and

gyro to establish streamer node positions.

Each individual source string shall be equipped with an RGPS unit to allow for sub string

separation monitoring. In the event that RGPS measurements are unavailable, acoustic

measurements may be utilized.

Sufficient redundancy shall be included in the integrated design of these systems to allow

limited failure of equipment without severely affecting the positioning accuracy.

b) Accuracy

The precision of positions, expressed in the semi major axis of the (one sigma) standard

error ellipse, shall be:

Vessel reference point < 2 metres

Streamer front end < 3 metres relative to vessel

Streamer tail end < 3 metres relative to vessel

In the calculation of these quality indicators following the methodology described in referenceGuidelines For The Use Of Differential GPS In Offshore Survey by the UKOOA Survey and

Positioning Committee, September 1994, the unit variance shall not be significantly different

from Unity-1 (F-test accepted) for the particular shot. Alternatively, the quality indicators can

be scaled with the calculated (aposteriori) unit variance for the particular shot, or scaled with

a calculated unit variance averaged over a number of consecutive shots.

c) Gyro compasses

The vessel shall be equipped with at least a primary and a secondary gyro. Gyro compasses

shall be verified on-line using a suitable on-line verification system (e.g. DGPS baseline,

secondary gyro or GPS Attitude Determination System).

d) Calibrations

During mobilization if requested by Company, Contractor shall validate the accuracy of the

DGPS and RGPS systems using higher accuracy land survey techniques, differences shall

not exceed three (03) meters. Both DGPS systems shall operate with an elevation mask of

8, minimum number of satellites 4 and height aiding mode. The Geoid-ellipsoid separation

shall be calculated using a recognized database model and checked against a derived value

using DGPS observations. During survey operations the systems shall be monitored with QC

facilities meeting the UKOOA quality guidelines. The average radial difference between the


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two systems shall not exceed three (03) meters in magnitude and each system should be

tracking the same number of satellites.

During mobilization, if requested by the Setemar, Contractor shall calibrate the vessel

heading systems (GPS Attitude Determination System & gyro compass). In addition,

offshore verifications shall be carried out at intervals as agreed between Contractor and On-

board Setemar Representative.

6.6 Echo Sounder

a) General

A precision echo sounder with hull mounted transducer is required for observations of waterdepth. Data will be logged for every shot without draft correction applied, and with a

comment of the draft value in the header. If the echo sounder fails to log the water depth, it

shall be brought to the attention of the Setemar representative and be recorded in

Observer's logs. If the echo sounder fails to record the water depth as a result of failure on

the echo sounder or associated equipment, the Contractor must repair such failure urgently.

Vessel draught shall be verified whenever possible and always during port calls.

b) Sound velocity

Sound velocity data will be acquired as per Company procedures. As a minimum a sound

velocity profile should be taken once a week or more frequently if conditions require. Data

from these profiles will be passed to the Navigation Processor to be input to the navigation

survey definition for later velocity corrections where necessary.

In addition, at least one acoustic velocity sensor will be deployed on the streamer.

6.7 Streamer Compasses

Streamer compasses shall be placed at intervals of 300 m along the streamer. Extra birds

will be placed in the front and tail of the streamer for redundancy.

All streamer compasses (in use and spares) shall have a manufacturers calibration

certificate and documented operational history to verify operational accuracy.

Work shall not commence if three or more streamer compasses are inoperative, or two

adjacent compasses are malfunctioning for any streamer. A bad compass is defined as a

compass for which the average value of the compass samples differs from the average

values of other compasses by more than 3 degrees, or is noisy or stuck.

The magnetic declination value for compasses which is entered into the online navigation

system will be calculated for a point applicable to the survey area, using the IGRF11 model.


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All compasses will be verified online using the online navigation system, which analyses and

verifies data in real time from the adjustments of the integrated network.

6.8 Separations

The following source string separation tolerances shall apply:

A mean separation over any single line of +/- 10% of nominal separation and/or any

instantaneous separation of +/- 15% of nominal sub array separations.

In cases where the influence of currents is severe, these specifications may be

relaxed.

6.9 Navigation Processing

Navigation data processing should be carried out in one integral network adjustment using

all available data simultaneously, allowing for determination of statistical properties for all

nodes positioned within the seismic spread. The calculation of source and receiver group co-

ordinates shall include full statistical analysis, including outlier detection and calculation of

reliability measures, using the redundancy in the navigation data available.

All positioning processing and post-processing shall be completed on board. The Contractor

will be expected to demonstrate within 24 hours after the end of line that the required

accuracy has been met and that all post processing has been finalized.

The final raw data tape deliverables shall be used as input to generate the final processed

deliverables and each processing step shall be supported by documented data quality

verification routines.

technical specification final

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