te airplanes 11 12

Mechanical Engineering

Technical English ISEL

Forces of Flight

Main Control Surfaces

Other Control Surfaces

Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Forces of Flight

There are 4 forces:

1. Weight (created by the gravitational force)

Forces of Flight



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Forces of Flight

There are 4 forces:

2. Lift (created by the wings)

Forces of Flight



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Forces of Flight

There are 4 forces:

3. Thrust (created by the engine)

Forces of Flight



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Forces of Flight

There are 4 forces:

4. Drag (created by the resistence to the flight)

Drag

Forces of Flight

For a plane to fly, lift has to be greater than the weight and the thrust must be greater than drag.



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher





Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher


The Elevators make the plane “Pitch”Main Control Surfaces

Pitch is when the elevators make the plane go up and down.

The elevators are on the tail in a horizontal position.

If the elevators are up, the plane goes up.



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

The Rudder makes the plane “Yaw”



Yaw is when the rudder makes the plane go to the left or to the right.

The rudder is on the tail in a vertical position.

If the rudder goes to the left, the plane moves to the left.



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

The Ailerons make the plane “Roll”



Roll is when the ailerons make the plane

rotate clockwise or counter-clockwise.

Ailerons are placed near the tip of the wing.

Turning the left aileron down and the right

aileron up, the left wing will be pushed up and

the right wing down. Hence, the plane will

rotate clockwise.



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Ailerons





Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Ailerons



Right Aileron

Trailing Edge

Leading Edge – refers to the front of the wing.

Left Aileron



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Slats extend forward from the leading edge of the wing

Slats





Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Flaps are large hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of the wing


Other Control Surfaces Flaps extend backward in order to

make the wing bigger.

This creates more lift but also more drag.

Flaps and slats are used not only during take-off but also in landing. In landing, it prevents the plane from diving.



Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Spoilers or Airbrakes slow the aircraft down

Spoilers or Airbrakes Flaps





Forces of Flight



Jet engine

2011/2012 B. Sher

Spoilers or Airbrakes slow the aircraft down

Spoilers or Airbrakes Flaps


Left Aileron Airbrakes or Spoilers

Flaps


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