target marketing & research design
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TARGET MARKETING & RESEARCH DESIGN. Principles of Marketing Week 08. Learning Objectives. • Market Segmentation • Target Marketing • Research Design • Survey Design • Homework. MARKET SEGMENTATION. Concept of Market Segmentation - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
TARGET MARKETING & RESEARCH DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF MARKETING WEEK 08
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Market Segmentation• Target Marketing• Research Design• Survey Design• Homework
MARKET SEGMENTATIONConcept of Market Segmentation• Partitioning a market that is characterized by
heterogeneity in consumers’ response to the marketing mix into more homogeneous submarkets.
• Process of dividing a large market into smaller target markets, or customer groups with similar needs and/or desires.
MARGET SEGMENTATIONGENERAL PRODUCT-SPECIFIC
OBSERVABLE
LATENT
Observable features of physical and social environment (esp. demographics)
Behavioral characteristics (user status, loyalty, status, usage rate
Usage Situations
Values, lifestyles, and psychographics, personality variables
AwarenessAttitude (belief evaluations)Intentions
MARKET SEGMENTATIONMarket Segmentation
Segmentable market variables are:• Demographic• Benefits Sought• Geographic• Situation• Psychographic• Behavior / Usage
MARKET SEGMENTATIONMarket Segmentation • Demographic
• Age• Income Level• Family• Education• Ethnicity
• Examples?
MARKET SEGMENTATIONMarket Segmentation • Geographic
• When an organization localizes its marketing efforts to accommodate the unique needs of specific geographic regions
• Examples?
MARKET SEGMENTATIONMarket Segmentation • Psychographic
• Grouping customers together based on social class, lifestyles, and psychological characteristics (attitudes, interests, opinions)
• Examples?
MARKET SEGMENTATIONMarket Segmentation • Benefits Sought
• Segments based on the benefits that consumers desire from using a specific product.
• Examples?
MARKET SEGMENTATIONMarket Segmentation • Situation
• Purchase situation or occasion• Impacted by Physical and Social surroundings, Time to
make a purchase, task definition, pre-purchase attitude.
• Examples?
MARKET SEGMENTATIONMarket Segmentation • Behavior / Usage
• Markets can be segmented by how often or how heavily consumers use a specific product.
• Examples?
MARKET SEGMENTATIONIn Class Exercise
• Go to the websites for Crest and Colgate and study what types of toothpastes they offer to appeal to different market segments.
• Use this information or any other information that you can find to come up with a list of variables that companies use to segment the toothpaste market.
MARKET SEGMENTATIONSegmentation Bases• Behavioral Characteristics / Usage Situations
• Toothpaste Category Users• Other brand loyals• Other brand switchers• Heavy users• Light users• Potential users
• Awareness / Attitude / Intentions• Attitudinal Segmentation
• Consider plus and minuses of each brand
MARKET SEGMENTATIONVALS 2• A method of classifying consumers on the basis of two
dimensions:• Self orientation (primary motivation)
• Ideals (principle oriented consumers)• Those who are guided in their choices by abstract,
idealized criteria (quality, integrity, tradition)
• Achievement (status oriented consumers)• Those who are guided in their choices by the expected
reactions, concerns, and desires of groups to which they belong or aspire to belong.
• Self-Expression (action oriented people)• Those who are guided in their choices by a desire for
social or physical activity, variety, and risk taking.
MARKET SEGMENTATIONVALS 2• A method of classifying consumers on the basis of two
dimensions:• Resources
• Refers to the full range of psychological, physical, demographic, and material means and capacities people have to draw upon • (age, education, income, self-confidence, energy,
intellectualism, novelty seeking, innovativeness, impulsiveness, etc.)
MARKET SEGMENTATIONSegmentation Scheme for Toothpastes
Sensories
Sociables
Worriers
Independents
principal benefit
flavor, product appearance
brightness of teeth
decay prevention
low price
behavioral characteristics
users of spear-mint flavor
smokers heavy users heavy users
demographics children teens, young adults
large families men
psycho-graphics
high self-involvement, hedonistic
high sociability, active
hypochondriac, conservative
high autonomy, value-oriented
MARKET SEGMENTATIONData Sources for Segmentation• Simmons Market Research Bureau
• Product usage by category, demographics, media behavior, psychographics
• Mediamark Research
MARKET SEGMENTATIONSegmentation Criteria• Differentiable: Market response is homogeneous within segments and
heterogeneous between segments
• Indentifiable: Individuals can be assigned to a segment based on a meaningful profile of segment characteristics
• Stable: Segments and segment membership do not change in the short run
• Measurable: The size and purchasing power of relevant segments can be determined.
• Actionable: The company is able to develop a marketing mix that will appeal to the members of a given segment.
• Accessible: Members of a segment can be reached with the appropriate marketing mix.
TARGET MARKETING• Evaluation of the attractiveness of each market segment
and selection of target segments
• Evaluation of market segments based on:• Market segment characteristics• Industry competition• Company objectives and resources
• Selection of target segments can result in:• Undifferentiated (mass) marketing• Differentiated marketing• Concentrated marketing
TARGET MARKETING• Undifferentiated Marketing
• An organization develops one strategy appropriate for all members of the total market.
• Differentiated Marketing• An organization targets multiple market segments
and develops segment specific mixes.
• Concentrated Marketing• When an organization concentrates its
marketing efforts on a smaller segment of a larger market.
RESEARCH DESIGNConceptualization• Developing a model that shows variables
that will be studied and hypothesized relationships between the variables.
• Identify variables/construct to study• Specify hypotheses and relationships• Prepare a diagram that represents the relationship visually
RESEARCH DESIGNVariables vs. Constructs• Variables
• An observable item that is directly measured in a research study (gender, age, company name, number of employees, number of customers, amount spent, etc.)
• Construct• An unobservable concept measure indirectly by several
related variables by several related variables (service quality, satisfaction, materialism, best customer, etc.)
SURVEYSMethodologies• Person to Person Administered
• In Home interview• Purchase Intercept• Mail Intercept
• Telephone Administered• Telephone interview• Computer assisted telephone interview• Automated telephone surveys
SURVEYSMethodologies• Self Administered
• Mail Panel • Drop Off• Mail Survey
• Computer Assisted (Online)• Fax• Email• internet
SURVEYSSelecting a Survey Method• Consider the following:
• Situational Characteristics• Budget, completion time frame, quality, completeness
of data, data precision
• Task Characteristics• Difficult, stimuli needed, large amount of information,
sensitive topics
• Respondent Characteristics• Diversity, incidence, participation
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Design• A good questionnaire appears as easy to compose as a
poem, but usually the result of long painstaking work.
• No real, hard and fast rules, only guidelines.
SURVEYSDecisions• What should be asked?• How should each question be phrased?• In what sequence should the questions be arranged?• What questionnaire layout will best serve the research
objectives?• How should it be pretested and revised?
SURVEYSScreener and Filter Questions
SURVEYSScreener and Filter Questions
SURVEYSScreener and Filter Questions
SURVEYSSkip PatternsUse multiple visual Elements to improve skippattern compliance
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Organization• Logical flow• Usually go from general to specific• Ask sensitive questions later
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Organization
SURVEYSQuestionnaire OrganizationSelecting the first questionfor a questionnaire.
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Organization
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Organization• Use of booklets• Color coding• Question numbering• Fitting questions on a page• Instructions (skip and otherwise)• Use of typeface and blank space• Precoding
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Design• Place instruction exactly where needed and not a separate
section at the beginning questionnaire.
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Design• Maintain simplicity, regularity, and a consistent
figure/ground format to make respondent’s task easier.
• Increase size and brightness of visual elements to emphasize order for reading questionnaire information.
• Emphasize words and phrases in questions consistently, but sparingly
• Change spacing and similarity to identify appropriate groupings of visual elements.
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Design• Write special instructions as part of question, not as free
standing entities.
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Design• Answer Formats
• Categories may be placed to the left or right of category tables.
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Design• Answer Formats
• Place items with the same response categories in an item-in-a series format.
SURVEYSQuestionnaire Design• Answer Formats
• Eliminate check-all-that-apply question format.
SURVEYQuestionnaire Design
HOMEWORKIn this week’s homework you will be expected to complete the following:
Target Market / Market ResearchDescribe your customer profile in detail including
demographics, psychographics and geographic information about the target market in great detail.
HOMEWORKIn this week’s homework you will be expected to complete the following:
Questionnaire DesignDesign a questionnaire based on class discussion
and give it to 25 people before next week’s class. Review answers and develop conclusions based on the data collected.
FINAL PROJECT SPECSThe final project is the culminating academic endeavor of the class’s research over the quarter.
It will provide you with the opportunity to explore a problem or issue of particular personal or professional interest and to address it in a thorough focused study and applied research.
This project should demonstrate your ability to synthesize and apply the knowledge and skills acquired through the class, and it should not only exemplify your ability to think critically, but should utilize the variety of research methods introduced to come to a cohesive and logical conclusion.
FINAL PROJECT SPECS» Sections
Executive Summary Industry AnalysisMarketing ResearchSWOTT AnalysisHypothesis/Problem Statement/PurposeResearch ObjectivesLimitationsMethodologySample QuestionnaireData AnalysisConclusions