table of contents title page page i. introduction … · title page page i. introduction / preface...

BAWAD Water Safety Plan

December 2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page Page

I. INTRODUCTION / PREFACE 2

1.1 BAWAD Service Coverage Area 3

1.2 Bayawan Water District 4

1.3 BAWAD Highlights 7

II. WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM 8

2.1 Water Safety Plan Team Structure 8

2.2 Skills Required for WSP 9

2.3 Water Safety Plan Team Composition 10

III. WSP STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION 11

IV. WATER SUPPLY AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION 14

4.1 System Schematic Diagram 15

4.2 Comprehensive Plan 16

4.3 The Main System 17

4.4 Cambulo Sub-system 20

4.5 Nangka Sub-system 21

4.6 Omod Sub-system 22

4.7 Ali-is and Dawis Sub-system 23

V. LIST OF TABLES

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION, RISK ASSESSMENT AND CONTROL MEASURES 26

IMPROVEMENT / UPGRADE PLAN 30

OPERATIONAL MONITORING AND CORRECTIVE ACTIONS 31

VERIFICATION MONITORING PROGRAMME 32

VI. SUPPORTING PROGRAMS 33

VII. MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES 34

7.1 Manampa Source 35

7.2 Cambulo Pumping Station 37

7.3 Transmission Pipe Lines 39

7.4 Service Line Requests 40

7.5 Service Connection – Related Requests 41

VIII. WSP REVIEW TEAM PROCEDURE 45

IX. INCIDENT RESPONSE PLAN 45

LIST OF ANNEXES

1. PNSDW 2007 47

Annex 1.A 78

Annex 1.B 80

Annex 1.C 81

2. Office Memo 83

3. Board Resolution 84

4. Training Calendar 85

5. Incident Form 86

6. Incident/Emergency Response Plan Form 87

7. Action Plan Form 89

8. Job Order Form 90

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 91


December 2015

I. PREFACE

Waterborne disease remains one of the major health concerns in the world.

Diarrheal diseases, which are largely derived from contaminated water and

inadequate sanitation, account for 2.4 million deaths each year and contribute over

73 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (a measure of disease burden, WHO 1999).

On a global scale, this places diarrheal disease sixth in the list of causes of mortality

and third in the list of morbidity. This health burden is primarily borne by the

populations in developing countries and by children. Based on present estimates,

one-sixth of humanity lack access to any form of safe and improved water supply

within 1 kilometer of their home and one-fifth of humanity lack access to any form of

adequate and improved excreta disposal (WHO and UNICEF 2000). Endemic and

epidemic disease derived from unsafe water supply affects all nations. Outbreaks of

waterborne disease continue to occur in both developed and developing countries,

leading to loss of life, disease and economic burden for individuals and communities.

Strategies to improve water quality, in conjunction with improvements in excreta

disposal and personal hygiene can be expected to deliver substantial health gains in

the population. In addition to microbial risks to drinking-water, safety may also be

compromised by chemical and radiological constituents.

The WSP of Bayawan Water District is formulated in order to ensure that our

vision and objectives are attained, that is to “to improved living condition of the target

population of Bayawan City thru 24-hour clean drinking water” and “to provide 24-

hour filtered potable water supply with consideration to sustain shared neighborhood

faucets, increase hygiene awareness and improved health situation to the target

population of Bayawan City.


December 2015

1.1 BAWAD SERVICE COVERAGE AREA

BAYAWAN WATER DISTRICT SERVICE COVERAGE BARANGAYS:

1.) BRGY. MALABUGAS 6.) BRGY. BOYCO

2.) BRGY. BANGA 7.) BRGY. TINAGO

3.) BRGY. SUBA 8.) BRGY. VILLAREAL

4.) BRGY. UBOS 9.) BRGY. MANINIHON

5.) BRGY. POBLACION 10.) BRGY. ALI-IS

11.) BRGY. DAWIS


December 2015

1.2 BAYAWAN WATER DISTRICT

The building is the first home of Bayawan Water District, dedicated to consumers, clients and donors and benefactors.

Bayawan Water District, a small water district located 100 km south of

Dumaguete city, Negros Oriental Philippines. It has its humble beginnings, from a

defunct NAWASA turning into a local Water District by virtue of Presidential Decree

No. 198 otherwise known as the Local Water utilities Act of 1973. It was born into a

district under SB Resolution No. 79, dated May 26, 1982, by then Honorable Mayor

Felix Gudiel,Jr.

A 400 cu. m. reinforced concrete ground reservoir located at Muyao, Banga at

elevation 50 meter above sea level was constructed in 1940. About 5,800 lineal

meters of 4"Ø C.I. pipes were laid in 1940. A 210 lineal meters 4"Ø G.I. pipe

connects the intake dam to the 16 cu. m. auxiliary tank at Manampa watershed.

In 1956, additional transmission of 636 lineal meters 6"Ø C.I. pipes were laid

and 490 lineal meters 6"Ø P.E. laid in 1979. In 1980, additional pipes were laid;

around 2,366.50 meters 3"Ø G.I. pipes; 486.20 meters 2"Ø G.I. pipes; and 1,292.50

meters 1"-1½"Ø at the distribution area.

The Water System had encountered problems some of which are numerous

leaks in its transmission and distribution pipelines and reduction of available water

supply at the service area. Also, during heavy rains, Manampa spring is affected by

surface run-off, thus making it turbid during these times.


December 2015

The local Government of Bayawan decided to create a water district under the

law of PD 198 to address the meager resources of the government under the able

leadership of Honorable Mayor Felix Gaudiel, Jr.

By October 4, 1982, it was formally recognized as a water utility and was

correspondingly issued a Conditional Certificate of Conformance No. 221; thus,

operating under the rules and regulations of PD 198 otherwise known as the Local

Water Utilities Act of 1973. More so, the generosity of the City government of

Bayawan through the able leadership of the late Honorable Mayor German P.

Saraña, Jr. extended an additional 17 million pesos grant subsidy to BAWAD in year

2004.

Through this elegant and generous act of the LGU, BAWAD was able to bring

down its water tariff from 148.00 to 100.00 per 10 cubic meter consumption. A

staggering 32% reduction in tariff redounds to greater economic benefit to

Bayawanons.

In 2008, the LGU under the late Honorable German P. Saraña, Jr. also

extended a 12 million interest free loan to BAWAD to find its water quality

improvement projects.

In 2012, the BAWAD received the 30 million NLIF-PSF which was converted

into a regular Window I loan from LWUA. A 8.5 km transmission pipeline parallel to

the existing one was installed. A 3.7 km distribution line was also part of the

expansion project to fully serve up to BrgyCaranoche, Sta Catalina, an Annex

municipality.

Today, the district has twenty regular personnel and 18 Job Orders serving

4,445 connections at almost 27,000 population. The service area includes the seven

urban barangays and four hinterland barangay of Bayawan city. It already extended

its service to the neighboring barangay of Santa Catalina, Barangay Caranoche.

Product water of BAWAD is intended for household, commercial use, safe for

drinking, and meets the standard for Potable Drinking Water of the PNSDW.


December 2015

The district maintain a regular random bacte testing and an annual raw water

physical and chemical testing done by a DOH accredited laboratory to ensure a safe

and potable water.

BAWAD VISION AND MISSION

Improved living conditions of the target population of Bayawan city through

24-hour clean drinking water.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

To provide 24-hour potable water supply with consideration to sustain shared

neighborhood faucets. increase hygiene awareness and improved health situation to

the target population of Bayawan city.


December 2015

1.3 BAWAD HIGHLIGHTS

Bayawan Water District is

among the recipients of the "TOP

PERFORMER IN THE PHILIPPINES

2008" under the average category.

The award is given to water

districts in the country in the financial

and operational parameters. The

award is given during the National

Annual Convention of the PAWD on

February 7, 2008.

Bayawan Water District is also

an awardee of Civil Service

Commission "LINGKOD BAYANI

AWARD - BRIGADA AHENSYA

CATEGORY A (5S Principle)" on the

occasion of the 114th Anniversary of

the Philippine Civil Service last

September 3, 2014.


December 2015

II. WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM

The Bayawan Water District WSP Team came up as per Office Memo No.: 2015-

05-026 dated May 25, 2015 seen in the ANNEX II where it is made up of diverse and

experienced technical personnel from every facet of our water system. Every key

department and sections are well represented to address all concern, from the

production, maintenance, administrative, finance and commercial. All will be working

together, hand in hand to produce a comprehensive and effective Water Safety Plan.

2.1 WATER SAFETY PLAN STRUCTURE


December 2015

2.2 SKILLS REQUIRED FOR WSP TEAM

1

Technical expertise on operation and maintenance of

a Source

b Storage

c Treatment

d Distribution

2

Provide operational support for the WSP in terms of

a Administrative

b Financing

c Technical

3

Capable of communicating the WSP objectives and outcomes

a Inside the WD

b Outside the WD

4 Understand water quality targets to be met

5 Understand the impact of proposed water quality controls on the environment

6 Familiar with training and awareness programme


December 2015

2.3 WATER SAFETY PLAN TEAM COMPOSITION

Name Job Title Role in the WSP Team Contact Details

Expertise Remarks

1 2 3 4 5 6

a b c d a b c a b

Alma L. Abrasaldo General Manager Team Adviser 09173142398 x x x x x x x x X X X X

Reno John S.Tuale Senior Project /Planning Development Officer

Team Leader 09175843722 X x x x x x x x x x

Ginalyn P. Piosca Department Manager Team Coordinator 09989599470 x x x x x x x

Rodolfo P. Piosca Jr. Water Sewerage

Maintenance Man-A Team Member / Maintenance 09173258450

x x x x x

Jeana A. Dy Store Keeper B Team Member / Admin / Commercial 09068991382 x x x x x

Rustom P. Clanza Water/Sewerage Man-A Team Member / Production 09061504941 x x x x x x

Iver L. Barte Senior Water/Sewerage Maintenance Man-B

Team Member / Maintenance 09367141092 x x x x x x x x

Ethel S. Briones Procurement Assistant-A Team Member / Admin / Commercial 09177132733 x x x x x

Joanna Lynn Trayvilla Record Assistant Team Member / Admin / Commercial 09173234850 x x x x x

Leo O. Esco Senior Water Maintenance Man-B

Team Member / Maintenance 09177050968 x x x x x x x

Anthony T. Hermosa Water Sewerage Maintenance Man-B

TeamMember / Production 09177978045 x x x x x x x

Rosendo O. Espares, Sr. Water Sewerage Maintenance Man-B

TeamMember / Production 09177243649 x x x x x x


December 2015

III. WSP STAKEHOLDERS

COMPONENT OF WATER SUPPLY

STAKEHOLDER SUMMARY OF

STAKEHOLDER'S ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

STAKEHOLDER CONTACT DETAILS

INTERACTION MECHANISM

* Water Supply System NWRB

Creates policy and regulates water related activities. Monitor and

ensures safety, adequate and sustainable water

supply.

Assigned personnel to BAWAD WSP team

* Communication * Submits quarterly reports

* Watershed * Catchment / Spring

DENR

Responsible for conservation, management,

development of the environment. Secures the

watershed premises. Coordinate to the district if

some modification and improvements or any legal activities could happen in the future for conservation

of water.

Vivian B. Gica * Communication * Meetings

* Water Supply System

LGU-Bayawan city

Coordinate to the district in the implementation of their

projects that distribution and transmission pipelines

might be affected. (Local - RHU)Monitor conformance of water

supply to PNSDW. Through local policies barangay officials and health workers helps

Project foreman

Dr. Jenny June B. Tigbao

Barangay Officials

CENRO

* Communication * Meetings * Outreach programs


December 2015

information dissemination about water safety and

other technical issues that threatens water safety will

be given an immediate action.

* Water Supply System Community

Observed preventive and control measures and

reports all possible hazards that can affect

water safety.

* Consumers / Concessionaires

* Orientation * Outreach program

* Treatment Plant * Distribution Pipelines * Transmission Pipelines

WSP Team

(Production Section)

Maintain and secures water supply from the treatment plant to the

service area.

Production section personnel

* Meetings * Submit reports


December 2015

BAWAD WSP team chooses the above mentioned stakeholders for

developing the water safety plan because they have a big impact and influenced the

quality of safe drinking water. The NWRB and DENR are both government agencies

responsible in preservation of the environment. NWRB creates policy and regulates

regarding water related activities. Ensures adequate and sustainable safety water

supply that is why BAWAD submits quarterly production reports to the agency for the

conformance of the water supply. BAWAD WSP team also decided DENR to be one

of the stakeholders for this agency promulgates and implemented rules and

regulations in conservation, management and development of the environment. It

gives us security for the conservation of the watershed that holds water for the

supply. These two agencies should be on the list in developing BAWAD water safety

plan because of their capabilities and knowledge that BAWAD WSP team could

guarantee an assistance in all aspects of water safety plan.

LGU-Bayawan city in the process of developing of water safety plan is

essential. Local role can be immediately applied to human activities that are threats

to water safety, these hazardous human activities can be given right away an

immediate action. Local government is the frontliner of the institution, the educator of

the community. Through different departments and sections of LGU-Bayawan like

CENRO and CHO, with their implemented local policies and programs and some are

designated to the barangays, especially health services and subsidizing health

workers in maintaining its objectives that water and sanitation are partners for

healthy and strong citizenry, it lessens the possibility of risks, so the district has the

assurance for safe quality water.

Obviously, the community should be part of the stakeholders because it is

the one who consumes water, though communities in Bayawan city is now exposed

regarding safe water but still not enough give assurance. The community should be

updated for possible changes will happen to the system. We choose the community

to be part in developing BAWAD water safety plan, for the community were the one

who will be the most affected when we don't have safe water because community

has the highest percentage of influenced affecting the quality of water. BAWAD WSP

team will educate the community in the premises through education program,


December 2015

orientation/seminars, media advisories or even outreach program to enhance the

knowledge in sustaining safe quality water.

Lastly, the production section is one of the WSP team stakeholders, for they

were the section who are more exposed in prevention and controlling the possibilities

of contamination and abilities as well as their technical skills are needed from the

catchment, treatment plant down to the service area. They are the one who check

and monitor for potential hazards that might affects the quality drinking water.


December 2015

IV. WATER SUPPLY AND PROCESS DESCRIPTION

4.1 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM


December 2015

4.2 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN


December 2015

4.3 THE MAIN SYSTEM

The catchment in Brgy.Pagatban, Bayawan city is 330 hectares of virgin

tropical forest, reforested and some agro-forestalland. The DENR declare this are as

a watershed reserve and currently BAWAD is applying for a Flagt on the areas with

DENR.

Water from the spring is collected by a spring box, then, monitoring is done for

the turbidity and microbial content. It is then transported to the Water Treatment

Facility just few hundred meters away, while coagulant and flocculants is injected,

conveyed to the Sedimentation tanks where settling and pre-chlorination is done.

then goes to the filtration bay, to the clearwell for post-chlorination, and inspection for

water quality then transported to the softener tank for softening and transported to fill

the reservoir 8 km away and to the distribution, service area and consumer tap

where random Water Quality monitoring is done. In the Cambulo Pumping Station

water is stored in the dug wells, monitored for water quality, pumped, chlorinated and

transported to the reservoir, inspected for residual then to the distribution area and

do the random bacte - testing at the consumer’s tap.

These pictures illustrates the (1) Spring box (2) Flocculation, Sedimentation, Filtration(3) Softener tanks (4) Cambulo pumping station (5) Moyao reservoir


December 2015

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

LEGEND:

STORAGE MOYAO RESERVOIR

MONITORING STORAGE AND CHEMICAL PROCESS

TRANSPORT CHEMICAL PROCESS


December 2015

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - MAIN SYSTEM DESCRIPTION STEP RESPONSIBILITY

Catchment / Manampa spring Multiple stakeholders (DENR, NWRB, Community, Production Section)

Monitoring for Water Quality Production Section

Transport for treatment *

Injection of Flocculants, Coagulation,

Chlorination Production Section

Pre-Storage Utility

Monitoring for Debris Water Resource Operator

Flocculation, Sedimentation,

Filtration Water Resource Operator

Storage Clearwell Tanks

and Post-Chlorination Water Resource Operator

Transport to Softener Tanks *

Softening Softener Tender

Monitoring for Hardness

and Residual Softener Tender

Transport and Transmission *

Storage at Moyao Tank Storage Tender

Transport and Distribution Maintenance Section

Concessionaires *


(Water Quality Monitoring Team)


December 2015

4.4 Cambulo Sub-system

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - CAMBULO SUB-SYSTEM DESCRIPTION STEP RESPONSIBILITY

Cambulo Spring Multiple stakeholders

(DENR, NWRB, Production Section)

Pumping and Chlorination Pump Operator

Monitoring for Chlorination Residual Pump Operator

Transport to Moyao Reservoir Utility

Moyao Reservoir Utility


December 2015

4.5 Nangka Sub-System

Water is pumped from 70 meters below ground level, checked for microbial

properties, chlorinated and transported to the reservoir and to the distribution and

monitored for water quality at the consumer’s tap.

Nangka pumping station and 30 cu.m. reservoir.

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - NANGKA SUB-SYSTEM DESCRIPTION STEP RESPONSIBILITY

Pumping and Chlorination Pump Tender

Monitoring Residual and Water Quality Pump Tender

Transport at Transmission Lines Utility

Storage at Elevated Tank Utility

Transport Utility

Concessionaires Concessionaires


(Water Quality Monitoring Team)


December 2015

4.6 Omod Sub-System

From the spring box sample is taken to monitor its water quality, then pumped

and injected with chlorine to the distribution and service tap for residual monitoring.

Omod spring box and pumping station.

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - OMOD SUB-SYSTEM DESCRIPTION STEP RESPONSIBILITY

Catchment / Spring Box Multiple stakeholders

(NWRB, Barangay, Production Section)

Monitoring for Turbidity Pump Tender


Monitoring for Chlorination and

Residual Pump Tender




December 2015

Monitoring for Water Quality Water Quality Monitoring Team


4.7 Ali-is and Dawis Sub-System

From spring boxes, Water is monitored in term of quality, pumped and

chlorinated, transported to the reservoir, to the distribution and monitoring is done

randomly in consumer’s tap for residual Chlorine.

Ali-is spring box and reservoir.

Dawis pumping station and reservoir.


December 2015

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM - ALI-IS AND DAWIS SUB-SYSTEM DESCRIPTION STEP RESPONSIBILITY

Catchment / Spring Box Multiple stakeholders

(NWRB, Barangay, Production Section)

Monitoring for Turbidity Pump Tender


Chlorine Residual Monitoring Pump Tender


Storage at Ground Reservoir Utility

Transport at Distribution Lines Utility


Water Quality Monitoring Water Quality Monitoring Team


PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

LEGEND:

STORAGE MOYAO RESERVOIR

MONITORING STORAGE AND CHEMICAL PROCESS

TRANSPORT CHEMICAL PROCESS


December 2015

Water is life. That is why Bayawan Water District as a water utility pushing the

limits towards excellence to met its goal and objectives. Dealing with potentially

hazardous agents in water is a big responsibility to handle with, and immediate

action should be executed right away. It triggers problem to safe drinking water,

dangerous or potentially harmful to our health. These hazards should be taken

seriously and accurately with correct methods of approach, whether it comes from

the catchment/source, distribution lines, reservoir, at the treatment area or even at

the concessionaires tap.

The BAWAD WSP Team identifies correctly the possible hazards that can

affect the safety of the drinking water and assess it carefully, the evaluated each

identified hazards which has the higher risks and will be given the priority attention

and potential control measures in order for the district continues to provide quality of

safe drinking water.

V. LIST OF TABLES

A.) Hazards, Risk Assessment and Control Measures

B.) Improvement / Upgrade Plan

C.) Operational Monitoring and Corrective Actions

D.) Verification Monitoring Programme


December 2015

(Table A.) Hazards, Risk Assessment and Control Measures

Hazards Hazardous event

(source of hazard)

Lik

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Se

ve

rity

Sc

ore

Existing Control Measure

Validation

Lik

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Se

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rity

Sc

ore

Ris

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Proposed Control Measure

Catchment/Spring:

Physical Turbidity during severe

rain 5 4 20

Use of water treatment(flocculation,

sedimentation and filtration)

Turbidity in the clear well must not

<10 ppm 3 4 12 H

Expansion of filter bay to increase capacity. Preventing filter

overloading

High hardness during

dry season 5 3 15

Use of softener to attain dilution in the water

Product water hardness must be

>250 ppm 3 3 9 M

Exploration of other sources w/ lower

hardness

Presence of debris

during flood 4 3 12 Screening of intake pipe

No floating debris in the treatment

2 3 6 M

Lower intake pipe from the water level, allowing

floating debris to just overflow

Chemical Run-off from agricultural

area 5 2 10 By-pass during floods

No in placed early monitoring system on coming floods

3 2 6 M Early flood warning

system

Microbial Contamination during

severe flood from upstream human activity

5 5 25 Use of water treatment &

chlorination

Zero incident of positive bacte

testing 2 5 10 H

Recreational activities and act of terrorism on

the source 2 5 10 None None 2 5 10 H

Fencing of the watershed area and spring box


December 2015

Treatment:

As identified in the catchment

Any hazard not controlled/mitigated within the

catchment 2 5 10

Use of water treatment

Ingress contamination 1 5 5 L Continues update of WSP

Microbial, chemical, physical

Overloading of treatment facility

3 5 15 Frequent cleaning of

filters Water quality meets

the standard 2 5 10 H

Additional of filtration facility

Physical Insufficient water for backwash

during severe rain 5 3 15 None

Sufficient water supply during rainy

days 5 3 15 H

Construction of backwash tank

Microbial Unreliable disinfection 2 5 10 Random monitoring of residual chlorine

Zero incident of positive bacte test

2 5 10 H Use of in-line residual

tester


By-pass facility causing absence of / inadequate

treatment 4 5 20

Condemned all by-pass line

1 5 5 L


Treatment failure 3 5 15 Periodic

maintenance 1 5 5 L

Microbial, physical

Blocked filters causing inadequate particle removal

2 5 10 Regular rehab of

filter Efficient filtration 2 5 10 H

Increase pre-treatment to lower turbidity in the filter

bay


Instrumentation lack / failure causing loss of control

3 5 15 Random monitoring

of water quality Improved water

Quality 2 5 10 H

Establishment of own laboratory


December 2015

Storage:

Physical Metal rusting of tank cover,

contaminating water with rust particle

5 2 10 Cleaning and

repainting Non-presence of rust particle

inside the tank 3 2 6 L

Chemical Security breach 2 5 10 Fencing and padlock

entry Padlock & fence broken 1 5 5 L

Physical Accumulation of scale in the walling (Calcium Carbonate)

5 2 10 Periodic maintenance 5 2 10 H

Physical Falling debris/leaves 5 2 10 Regular removal of

debris Presence of debris 4 2 8 M Install cover

Distribution:

As identified in treatment

Any hazard not controlled/mitigated within the

treatment 2 2 4 None 2 2 4 L

Continues update of

WSP

Microbial, Physical

Mains burst causing ingress of contamination

3 5 15 Immediate repair No contamination 2 5 10 H

Use of good quality pipe material and sand bedding

Microbial, Chemical, Physical

Pressure fluctuations causing - pipe bursts

- ingress of contaminants 2 5 10 immediate repair No contamination to water 2 5 10 H

Install air release valves


Intermittent supply causing ingress of contamination in some areas

2 5 10 Use of standby supply Frequency of mainline repair 1 5 5 L


December 2015

Physical

Opening/closing of valves causing the disturbance of

sediments due to changing flow direction

3 3 9 Slow opening of valves Zero incident of complaint on

turbidity 2 3 6 L

Monthly flushing of pipeline

Physical

Third party access to hydrants causing the

disturbance of sediments due to backflow

1 5 5 Use of customize valve

key 1 5 5 L


Contamination due to security breach/vandalism

3 5 15 Periodic survey on

pipeline No contamination 1 5 5 L

Consumer:

As identified in distribution

Any hazard not controlled/mitigated within

the distribution 2 2 4 None 2 2 4 L

Continues update of WSP


Illegal connection causing backflow

3 5 15 Giving incentive on

reported illegal connection

Reported incidents of illegal connection

2 5 10 H Inventory of

disconnected tapping


Backflow of customer's overhead tank during low

pressure 3 5 15 Install check valves

Negative reading in the water meter / fluctuation in meter

reading consumption 1 5 5 L

Physical Clogging in the service

lines 3 4 12

Reclogging procedure and flushing

Incident of low pressure complaints

3 3 9 M Burry all service lines


Dual water source 3 5 15 Install check valves Decreased contamination 2 5 10 H Encourage separate

pipeline


December 2015

(Table B.) Improvement / Upgrade Plan

Action Arising from Identified specific improvement plan

Accountabilities Cost Source of Fund

Due Status

Design innovation on self-cleaning screen to

filter footing debris in the spring/intake box

Risk assessment process indicates that debris causes clogging in the intake box

Install self-cleaning screen at intake box

Production Manager

25,000 Corporate

funds ASAP Under study

Perimeter Fencing of the declared watershed

restricts outsider

Risk assessment shows that the watershed has no barrier from intruder and legal

ownership is not yet established which s needed in the protection and funding

Application for FLAGT from DENR by the district enable to

district to allocate funding for the protection of the watershed

Admin 50,000 Corporate

funds ASAP On-going

Additional filter bay and softener

Assessment shows that treatment is overloaded causing frequent maintenance

and regeneration on the media

Construction of additional treatment to cater the need of

Bayawan

Production Manager

5 M For

Funding 2017 Planning

Acquire monitoring and testing equipment

lack of monitoring and testing equipment causes late precautionary action

Install in-line monitoring and testing to some strategic point

in the system

Production Manager

3M For

Funding 2016 Planning

Establish WD laboratory

Laboratory works of the WD is done in Dumaguete city and Cebu city, causing hustle in the delivery of samples, and

feedback of result, so as to make immediate action on water quality related concern

Create in-house WD laboratory, employ Med Tech and Chemist

ADMIN 5M For

Funding 2018

For assessment

Leak repair

Leakage is one cause of contamination, addressing this problem is just like hitting two

birds at one stone, water quality and NRW reduction. Thus, need priority in the major

improvement planning

Implement NRW reduction Program

ADMIN 8.5M For

Funding ASAP

For assessment

Use of other possible sources

From the assessment, water quality of the WD is high in hardness, thus causes

clogging, scaling and some other physical hazard

Exploration of other possible sources of lower hardness

ADMIN / Technical

300,000 Corporate

funds 2015 Done


December 2015

Process Step/ Control Measure

Critical limit What Where When How Who Corrective action

Water Quality Monitoring

Not >250 ppm Hardness At the outlet of

softener Daily Calorimetric

Softener tender

Regeneration of softener

Residual chlorine leaving the plant must

be >0.5 and <1.5 mg/L

Chlorine residual

At entry point to distribution

system Daily Comparator

WQ monitoring

Activate chlorine non-compliance exceedence

protocol

Backwashing <14 lps / bay Flow rate Discharge of the filter bay

Twice daily

Volumetric Tender Filter backwashing

Cleaning of filters < 10 lps / bay Flow rate Discharge of the filter bay

Twice daily

Manual Tender Filter Cleaning

Pressure management to

minimize negative pressures on the

lines

Establish a threshold level on the number areas with negative pressure; Chlorine residual = 0.3 mg/L

Chlorine residual

monitoring

Distribution lines on low

pressure areas Daily

DPD - comparator

Production Manager

Adjust/modify valving schedule Complaints

on low pressure

Customer Service Office

Weekly Analysis of

report Production Manager

Periodic leak detection and repair

programme

Establish a threshold level on the number of

leaks per day; Chlorine residual =

0.3 mg/L

Chlorine residual

monitoring

Vicinity of leaks

As reported

DPD - comparator

Production Manager Review/modify details of

control measure; Consider changing the control

measure should be proved ineffective

Complaints/ reports on

leaks

Customer Service Office

Weekly Analysis of

report Maintenance

Manager

(Table C.) Operational Monitoring and Corrective Actions


December 2015

(Table D.) Verification Monitoring Programme

Verification Activity

Location of Activity Type of Activity

Frequency of activity

Analyst Recipient

of Analysis Result*

Action on unusual/ Failing result

3rd-Party Recipient of

Results

Water Quality

Total Coliform Consumer's taps

randomly selected per designed sampling plan

Sampling Monthly DOH

accredit lab WQ Section

Chief

Protocol for positive TC

results

Production Manager,

LWUA

Physical/Chemical

Consumer's taps randomly selected per

designed sampling plan Sampling Annual

DOH accredit lab

WQ Section Chief

Review the causes

Production Manager,

LWUA

Verification of Equipment Calibration

Records custodian Internal

audit

Unscheduled, at least twice a

year

As appointed by WSP Team

Customer Feedback

Payment/Collection Office

Survey Annual Customer Service Section

GM,

Concerned Units

Update of WSP Office Meeting Annual WSP Team GM LWUA/DOH

* It is assumed that the recipient of the activity result is the entity responsible for the activity.


December 2015

VI. SUPPORTING PROGRAMMES

BAWAD has only 18 regular employees, 13 Job-Orders and 6 contractual

employees. (Data as of October 2015) With the Office Memo No.:2015-05-026, dated

May 25, 2015, the WSP team was officially organized.(See ANNEX 2.) Supported by

Board Resolution No.:_______, dated _____ (See ANNEX 3.) It is to ensure that the

district has a quality safe drinking water 24/7 from the catchment/source to the tap of

consumer's household. The district treats the water to prevent and control water

related health problems and the consumers can immediately consumes and use the

served water of the district.

In order to avoid additional problems that risks the quality of drinking water.

BAWAD implemented supporting programmes that can enhance personnel’s ability

and understanding about their respective responsibilities and duties and make sure

to meet the standards of safe quality drinking water.

Trainings and Seminars

- This is very important activity, that personnel’s will undergo trainings

and seminars related to their job description in order to boosts their

understanding and skills to be able to perform properly for the

implementation of water quality, from water source protection to

distribution lines, to water treatment process and its control measures

to avoid contamination. To ensure that the assigned personnel are well

equipped with knowledge and expertise to monitor, check and

identified the possible hazards that are threats to water quality and how

to prevent and control the possible contamination. It ensures also the

safe keeping and proper storage of chemicals that are potentially

affects the quality of water in case of expiration and are not

contaminated and spills to their respective storage/container. To

ensure that the personnel has the capacity to maintain all the

equipment and facilities and working properly according to its

procedure that cannot affects the process of producing the standards

of safe water. To ensure that the personnel are equipped with skills

and knowledge and observed work ethics in dealing customer


December 2015

concerns and complaints especially related to water quality to be able

to get the right information.

(See ANNEX 4. For the Training Calendar)

Outreach Program

- Through outreach program, information dissemination and education

campaign guarantees the organization as well as some stakeholders

understands and enrich their knowledge about water safety.

Orientation/seminar and other information campaign about water safety

will be recognizable. This is also a plus factor activity for the BAWAD

WSP team to educate people themselves regarding safe drinking

water. In this way, they will be aware of the danger if they will not

participate and support the objectives of the WSP.

Research and Development

- This program is important to update or develop new strategies in

determining and have a better understanding for the possible hazards to

all the components of the water supply system and gives the right solution

to avoid contamination.

Upgrading some equipments and facilities through accepting new

technologies increases the accuracy of implementation of safe quality

drinking water.

VII. MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES

A management procedure is a part of any organization. It is a strategy to

manage in order to avoid errors and create smooth work flow. It is a step by step

sequence of activities to perform to accomplish once task productively. Management

procedures can be changed or modified depending on the status of the organization.

In connection to water safety plan, having management procedures and doing

it properly the district will come up with excellent result, it assures and maintain the

standards of safe quality drinking water.


December 2015

7.1 MANAMPA SOURCE

Manampa Filter Cleaning Procedure:

1. Close supply line valve from the sedimentation to filter bay.

2. Close filter discharge valve to the clear well tank.

3. Open drain valve to drain the chamber, and wait 30 minutes to allow formation

of filtrate cake.

4. Scrape the formed cake, about 1 inch thick.

5. Scrape scaling in the walling.

6. Put outside the chamber scraped materials ready for cleaning.

7. Load additional filter sand from the stock of clean filter sand.

8. Level the sand properly, slightly inclined to the drain.

9. Perform backwashing procedure.

10. Close drain valve, and open supply valve from the sedimentation chamber.

11. When chamber is filled up, open discharge valve to the clearwell.

12. Open the drip type chlorinator.

13. End.

Backwashing Procedure:

1. Close supply line valve from the sedimentation to filter bay.

2. Close filter discharge valve to the clear well tank.

3. Open drain valve to drain the chamber.

4. Open backwash valve to start backwashing until water flowing to drain is

clear.

5. Close backwash and drain valve.

6. Open supply valve from the sedimentation chamber and wait until chamber is

filled up.

7. Open discharge valve to the clear well tank.

8. End.

Chlorinating Procedure:

1. Fill up 200 liters of water to the chlorine mixing tank.

2. Weigh 6 kilos of chlorine on normal days and 9 kilos during rainy days.

3. Pour chlorine on the mixing tank.

4. Stir the solution for about 30 minutes or until granules fully melted and mixed.

5. Cover the mixing tank and wait for 24 hrs to allow sediments and undissolve

solids settle down the bottom of the tank.


December 2015

6. When solution is already clear, yellowish in color, drain the mixture to the

chlorinating tank.

7. Fill the syphon hose with water until air is out and put back to the chlorinating

tank to start chlorination.

8. Check Residual Chlorine in the discharge of the Clear well tank <.5 ppm but

>1.5 ppm.

9. Check Residual chlorine, if do not conform, adjust flow rate and back to step

8.

10. End.

Filter Sand Cleaning:

1. Bagging of pulled out sand during filter cleaning (using empty cement sack).

2. Open supply line valve going to the cleaning chamber.

3. Sand screening at the cleaning chamber with running water.

4. Pour 30 bags of sand to be clean.

5. When loading is done, rinse the sand until water is clear.

6. Unload washed sand from the chamber to the storage area.

7. Cover the clean sand to protect from dirt.

8. End.

Cleaning of Spring Box:

1. Tender request for clean in the office to the production manager.

2. Production manager scheduled the cleaning and have it approved by the

immediate supervisor.

3. Immediate supervisor approved the schedule.

4. Production Manager assigns personnel to execute the request.

5. Personnel go to site and production manager inform Cambulo pump operator

for the interruption for the station to start when pressure drops below 50 psi.

6. In the site, close discharge valve to the treatment.

7. Open the drain valve.

8. Start cleaning the inside walling.

9. Unload debris, sand from the box.

10. Clear intake pipe screen form debris and other clogged materials.

11. When all sand is clear, all must move out and wait until water inside is clear.

12. Close drain valve.

13. Open discharge valve to the treatment.

14. Tender report to office via radio that cleaning is done.

15. Office informs Cambulo Pumping Station for shut down.

16. End.


December 2015

Softener Regeneration Procedure:

1. Check hardness in the discharge of the softener

2. If Hardness reading above 300, do regeneration process

3. Close supply valve # 1 of the softener

4. Close discharge valve # 5 of the softener.

5. Open valve # 3 to drain.

6. Open valve # 4 to start backwashing for 15 minutes.

7. Close valve # 4 & 3 to stop backwashing.

8. Open valve # 5 to drain.

9. Open Brine supply valve # 2 slowly for until solution is consumed.

10. Close brine supply valve # 2.

11. Open supply valve # 1 to do rinsing for 15 minutes and test the taste of drain

water if not salty anymore.

12. Close drain valve # 5.

13. Open discharge valve # 6 to g back operation.

Note: For every chamber to be regenerated, use one tank of brine solution. Regeneration should be

done one chamber every day.

7.2 CAMBULO PUMPING STATION

Pumping operation procedure:

1. Go to the control house, turn on control board main breaker and check

voltage. Voltage must be 440 – 460 volts.

2. Go back to the pumping house, Turn on Panel board main breaker.

3. Check voltage in every line phase by turning knob to line 1, line 2 and line 3.

Voltage should not be less than 440 volts.

4. When voltage is correct, proceed to starting procedure but if not correct

proceed to genset operation procedure.

5. Open by pass valve.

6. Open priming valve to prime the pump.

7. Open suction line air release until all air trapped is released then close.

8. Close priming valve.

9. Start the pump by pushing start up button.

10. After 3 seconds, open discharge valve slowly and by pass for 5 – 10 minutes,

maintain pressure not less than 25 psi.

11. Open valve going to the transmission line two rounds and slowly closed by

pass valve.

12. Fully open valve to the transmission line.

13. Turn on chlorinator pump, when chlorinator tank is already ¼, fill it with

solution from the mixing chamber.

14. Monitor chlorine residual, residual be <.3 but >1.5 ppm.


December 2015

15. End.

Preparing chlorine solution:

1. Weigh 6 kilos of chlorine granules.

2. Fill the 200 liters mixing chamber.

3. Pour the 6 kilos chlorine.

4. Stir manually for 15 minutes or until granules is fully mixed.

5. Cover the mixing chamber, wait 24 hrs to fully settle un-dissolved particle.

6. Open drain valve to the chlorinator tank, do it slowly without shaking the

mixing chamber so as not to disturb settled particle.

7. Before mixing another batch, collect settle particle and put in an empty

chlorine container for proper disposal.

8. Clean the chamber, ready for the next mixing.

9. End.

Generator set operation during low voltage / power failure procedure:

1. Turn off all breakers in the pump house.

2. In the control house, turn off all breaker.

3. In the generator house, check fuel level, make sure it is full tank.

4. Check oil level if below correct level, fill it up.

5. Open ventilating window.

6. Push on button to start the engine.

7. Warm up the engine for 2 – 3 minutes.

8. Turn on genset main breaker.

9. Turn on gen set breaker in the double throw breaker.

10. Turn on breaker in the control panel.

11. Proceed to pumping procedure.

12. Close door grills; tender should check genset at least every hour for fuel level.

13. When power from the cooperative comes back, turn off pump.

14. Turn off breaker in the panel and control board.

15. Turn off gen set breaker in the double throw breaker.

16. Turn on breaker in the cooperative power source.

17. Turn on control breaker, check for correct voltage; if voltage is correct

proceed to pumping operation procedure.

18. If voltage is not correct, turn off control board breaker go back to step # 8.

19. End.


December 2015

7.3 TRANSMISSION PIPELINES

Transmission or distribution mainline leak repair procedure:

1. Commercial accept the request or report and make job order and have

approved y authority.

2. Maintenance Manager accepts the job order and have it schedule.

3. Plumber receives the job order and conduct site inspection to assist the

situation then caution signs is placed.

4. Plumber reports to the Maintenance Manager the situation via cellphone or

radio.

5. Maintenance Manager assigns additional manpower to help the repair.

6. One assisting plumber process request and prepare materials needed while

other go to site and starts clearing procedure.

7. Plumber who assists the situation then isolates the area if there is any. And if

not, plumber goes to the PRV area in Moyao to close the main valve.

8. While commercial informs the I.T. for him to do immediate public

announcement through radio and text blasts to the affected areas for the

advisory of water interruption including estimated time of supply resumption.

9. When clearing of the pipe is done, plumber confirms the materials brought to

site if correct, if not replacement should be done immediately.

10. Water pump is used to drain the water to prevent ingress contamination.

11. Cutting or pull-out of affected pipe or fitting done.

12. Chlorine about 200 grams is place inside the pipe of the to disinfect later the

system.

13. Installation of new or fitting for repair is done.

14. Nearest blow-off is then open, and main supply valve is slowly open.

15. After flushing when water is already clear. Blow-off is close.

16. While pressure is building up, check the fitting for leaks, if there is any; tighten

the bolts if none, proceed to next.

17. Backfilling and compaction is done.

18. Plumber then informs the maintenance Manager and commercial that repair is

done.

19. If site is not safe for vehicle to pass; caution signs are placed on the area.

20. If the site is a concrete, restoration should be done next day after repair is

made.


December 2015

7.4 SERVICE LINES REQUESTS

Service line leaking before meter:

1. Commercial receives the requestor report for the leaking.

2. Maintenance Manager accepts the job order and have it scheduled.

3. Plumber receives the job order and conduct site inspection to assist the

situation then caution signs is placed.

4. Plumber checks nearest water meter; opens a faucet to verify if the leak is on

this connection.

5. Plumber look for old condemned connection, if there is any plumber open to

check if the leak is going to the connection.

6. Plumber clear / excavate the pipe.

7. Plumber will assess the leak and materials needed for the repair.

8. Plumber withdraws materials needed in bodega.

9. Plumber opens a faucet from the connection or opens the end of the

connection.

10. Plumber will do the repair on the leak.

11. Flushing is made in the end or faucet until water is clear.

12. Hydro testing is done, check fitting for leaks, if there’s any retighten or repair

again.

13. Backfilling and compaction is done.

14. If site is not safe for vehicle to pass, caution signs are placed on the area.

15. The concessionaires then conform that the repair is made.

16. Accomplished Job order is forwarded to the commercial.

17. End.

Service line leaking after meter:

1. Commercial receives the requestor report for the leaking.


3. Plumber visits the site to assess the leaking.

4. Plumber will excavates and clear the leaking.

5. Water meter lockwing is then closed.

6. Plumber identifies the materials needed for the repair.

7. Plumber will inform the concessionaire for the materials needed.

8. The concessionaire will produce the materials or pays to the office for the

needed materials.

9. Plumber request needed materials in the bodega.

10. Plumber will do the repair.

11. Plumber opens a faucet and the lockwing in the standpipe.

12. Flushing is done until water is clear and faucet is closed.

13. Check the fitting installed for leaks, if there is any; tighten it or repair it again.


December 2015

14. Backfill excavated materials and do compaction.

15. Have the owner conform job order that repair is done.

16. Plumber will now forward the job order to the commercial department for the

accomplishment report.

17. End.

7.5 SERVICE CONNECTION – RELATED REQUSTS

Stand pipe leak repair:

1. Commercial receives the request or report for the leaking.

2. Maintenance Manager accepts the job order for schedule.

3. Plumber visit the site and assess the leaking, if leak is after the meter the

concessionaire provides the materials for repair if before the meter the WD

provides the repair materials.

4. Plumber closed the standpipe lockwing.

5. Plumber will do repair and install repair materials.

6. Hydro testing is made, check for leaks if any, do repair again.

7. Have the concessionaire conform job order that repair is done.

8. Plumber will forward the job order to the commercial department for the


9. End.

Change meter:

1. Commercial receives the request or report for the change meter.

2. Maintenance Manager accepts the J.O. and have it schedule.

3. Plumber visit the site, open a faucet and check if water meter is turning and

dials is moving.

4. If abnormalities are observed, water meter is pulled out.

5. Water meter is then clean and install it and check if it functions correctly. If so,

calibrate the water meter using a calibrating bucket. Error must be within +/-

5% only.

6. If water meter is proven broken the district will provide a replacement but if is

intentionally broken the concessionaire will pay for the water meter. In case of

thief, the concessionaire will secure police blotter and bring it to the office and

the management will provide replacement for the first incident only, the

following incident the concessionaire will pay already the water meter as the

replacement.

7. Plumber will temporarily plug the connection.


December 2015

8. Plumber request in the office for water meter and have it approved by the

authority.

9. Plumber installs the new water meter.

10. Concessionaire conform the job order that repair is done.



12. End.

New Service Connection:

1. Inquire at the Customer Service/Complaint Desk the requirements for

application and schedule for the attendance of NSC Orientation.

2. Attend Orientation Seminar. (Orientation Schedule is every 1st and 3rd

Saturday of the month. 8:00 a.m. at BAWAD office).

3. Fill-up and submit the Service Application Form C-1 together with other

requirements needed to the Customer Service/ Complaint Desk for

verification.

4. Plumber will do the investigation, inspection, and verification of the area to be

installed and do estimates for additional materials needed.

5. Fill up and sign the Water Service Contract and have it signed by the Division

Manager and General Manager. Afterward, have the Service Contract

notarized.

6. Submit the notarized Service Contract together with the other documents to

the Customer Service/Complaint Desk and pay installation fee and other

applicable charges at the Teller.

7. Present your Official Receipt to the Customer Service/Complaint Desk and

sign logbook for your service request.

8. Plumber receives the job order from the commercial.

9. Plumber request for connection materials in the bodega approved by the

authority.

10. Plumber assembles standpipe assembly and faucet stand.

11. Plumber will go to the site.

12. Excavates for the mainline tapping.

13. Tap the service connection.

14. Connect to the stand pipe and to the faucet stand.

15. Backfilling and compaction for the mainline tapping.

16. Have the concessionaire conform job order that new connection is well done.



18. End.


December 2015

Reconnection:

1. Go to the Customer Service/Complaint Desk, verify the status of the Service

connection and inquire on requirements.

2. Comply and Submit requirement/s to the Customer Service/Complaint Desk

and receive assessment for corresponding fees.

Accounts disconnected for more than two (2) years should attend the

Orientation Seminar before the Re-installation request be approved/granted.

(Orientation Schedule is every 1st and 3rd Saturday of the month. 8:00 a.m.

at BAWAD office).

If the requestor is the Account Holder:

-Please present a valid ID.

If the requestor is not the Account Holder:

-Please submit an authorization letter duly accomplished by the account

holder.

-Photocopy of the account holder’s valid ID and the authorized representative.

3. Pay corresponding dues and re-installation fees to the Teller.

4. Go back to the Customer Service/Complaint Desk and present Official

Receipt.

5. Sign logbook for your service request and re-installation schedule at the

Customer Service/Complaint Desk.


7. Maintenance Manager accepts the job order and have it schedule.

8. Plumber will withdraw concessionaire’s water meter in the bodega.

9. Plumber will find for the old connection tapping or standpipe.

10. Plumber will do flushing on the line until water is clear.

11. Plumber installs the water meter in the standpipe.

12. Plumber opens control valve.

13. Check for standpipe leaks; if any; do repair.

14. Have the concessionaire conform job order that reconnection is well done.

15. Plumber will now forward the job order to the commercial department and

record it for accomplishment report.

16. End.

Disconnection:

1. Commercial receives the request or report for the disconnection.

2. Maintenance Manager accepts the J.O. and have it scheduled.


December 2015

3. Plumber visit the site, pull out water meter.

4. Plug the service connection.

5. Have the concessionaire conform job order that disconnection is done.

6. Forward to the commercial the accomplished job order.

7. Deposit the pulled out water meter.

8. Store keeper records the last reading, water meter serial number and the date

disconnected.

9. End.

Re-routing procedure of Water Service Connection:

1. Inquire at the Customer Service/Complaint Desk the requirements for

application and status of the account.



verification.



verification.

4. Concessionaire will pay the re-routing fee.

5. Go back to the Customer Service/Complaint Desk and present Official

Receipt.

6. Sign logbook for your service request at the Customer Service/Complaint

Desk.



9. Plumber visit re-routing site and conduct estimate of materials needed.

10. Plumber visits the existing site and check materials that can be pulled out

and still useable for the re-routing.

11. Inform the concessionaire on the additional materials to be used if there is

any.

12. Concessionaire pays the excess materials.

13. Plumber pull-out standpipe assembly as well as the other materials that is

still useable.

14. To the re-routing site plumber proceed with the new service connection

procedure.

15. Have the concessionaire conform job order that re-routing is well done.

16. Plumber will now forward the job order to the commercial department and

record it for accomplishment report.

17. End.

(See ANNEX 8. For the Job-Order Form)


December 2015

VIII. WSP REVIEW PROCEDURE

The BAWAD WSP is committed to have an annual review of the existing

Water safety Plan done every December. This is a whole day activity which

focuses on the various incidents related to water safety that happens within the

year. Records or minutes of WSP team meetings during every after major

incident which may or may have affected water quality are properly reviewed and

discuss, any recommendation made during the meeting are revalidated to be

considered in the upgrade of the district WSP.

Knowledge from trainings and capability building program of the WD to the

WSP team undertaken within the year are also a factor to be consider in the WSP

upgrade. Every member sent to such training is obliged to echo to the group key

information, good practice of other WD WSP team, and other learning.

When an upgrade is already identified, discussed and considered. The team

should adopt thru a resolution to amend portion of the WSP.

This annual upgrade should is done to assure our concessionaires, including

the team that Bayawan Water District meets its mission that is to provide a 24

hour safe and potable water to the populace of Bayawan city and where ever the

pipeline may reach.

IX. INCIDENT RESPONSE PLAN

The district adopted some template (See ANNEX 5,6,7) which will be used

in the report incident that may have happen. The concern division or

department makes report of the incident that may have or have affected

Water Quality to the head of the agency, copy furnished to the WSP team.

When the WSP team receives the report, the chairman thru the secretariat

calls for a WSP meeting, for the team to discuss such report and take actions

based on the WSP. During such meeting, the team can make

recommendation for amendments of the WSP which will be taken during the

annual review of the WSP if the existing WSP does not address a particular


December 2015

incident, or the planned action is not enough solve and prevent such an

incident.

After the meeting, the concern individual should take action as soon as

possible and make sure that the planned action is properly executed. And

after it, he should assess if the action is effective, for him to report to the

WSP team the result.


December 2015

ANNEX 1.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR

DRINKING WATER 2007


December 2015

Republic of the Philippines Department of Health

OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY

San Lazaro Compound, Rizal Avenue, Sta. Cruz, Manila, Philippines 1003 Tel. No. (632) 743-8601 locals 1107, 1125; (632) 711-9502/03;

TeleFax: (632) 743-1829 Email Address: [email protected] Website: http://www.doh.gov.ph

09 March 2007 ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER No. 2007- __0012____

SUBJECT: Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water 2007 I. RATIONALE/INTRODUCTION Access to safe drinking water is not only essential for the promotion and protection of public health but is a basic human right. Provision of safe water supply prevents the transmission of waterborne pathogens and reduces the exposure of individuals to chemical and physical hazards that could be ingested through contaminated drinking water. Diarrheas and other waterborne diseases still rank among the leading causes of illnesses in the country. It is apparent that continuous development or refinement of policies and programs geared towards minimizing the risk of contracting waterborne diseases should be supported to provide optimal health service for the population. Setting standards for drinking water establishes threshold limits for different impurities found in drinking water. These limits are intended to minimize risk and therefore prevent deleterious health repercussions that result from lifelong exposure to these impurities through consumption of water. The Department of Health is mandated to formulate standards to this effect. Chapter II (Water Supply), Section 9 of the Code on Sanitation of the Philippines states that “Standards for drinking water and their microbiological and chemical examinations, together with the evaluation of results, shall conform to the criteria set by the National Drinking Water Standards.” The government recognizes recent quality-related developments in the water supply sector in the country and elsewhere such as the following: 1. New information on many chemicals . As an outcome of evolving agricultural, industrial and even domestic practices, new chemicals find their way into the environment and contaminate drinking water sources 2. Proliferation of water refilling stations as alternative (or main) sources of drinking water. The quality of “processed” water from these stations may require distinct standards compared to the water from large water systems.


December 2015

3. Detection of naturally occurring hazardous substances in groundwater, e.g. arsenic and fluoride. The presence of these chemicals is inevitable constituent in some water sources. 4. The need for different approaches in supporting safe management of water supply systems . While PNSDW 2007 aims to achieve more comprehensive parameters to address issues on water quality, it also advocates for an efficient water quality surveillance system by prioritizing the parameters that need to be monitored (refer to Annex 1). The concept of performance targets through the application of water safety plans has been introduced to encourage water providers to systematically monitor the quality of water at all phases of production and distribution. The standards set in 2007 PNSDW are based on guidelines or criteria that are recommended by international institutions like the World Health Organization, United States Environmental Protection Agency, etc. There are certain factors that the national government should consider whether or not to adapt these guideline values. First, standards that are very stringent could limit the availability of water supply that meets such levels. National standards are influenced by national priorities and economic factors. The judgment of safety, or what is acceptable level of risk in particular circumstances, is a matter that our society should decide. II. OBJECTIVE To protect public health, safety and welfare by ensuring quality standards of drinking water. III. SCOPE/COVERAGE These standards shall apply to all waterworks officials, developers and operators of water supply systems both government and private entities, water refilling station operators, water vending machine operators, ice manufacturers, all establishments and institutions that supply or serve drinking water, drinking water laboratories, health and sanitation authorities, the general public and all other concerned IV. DEFINITION OF TERMS As used in this document, the terms below shall be defined as follows: Acceptability– physical or chemical quality of water that conforms to the appearance, taste and odor or drinking water that satisfy the consumer. Aerobic bacteria – bacteria that live or occur only in the presence of oxygen.


December 2015

Agricultural land - a tract of land cultivated for the purpose of agricultural production including but not limited to crop production, raising and breeding of domestic animals, raising, breeding, or production of a specific aquatic animal, and similar activities. Algae- any of various chiefly aquatic, eukaryotic, photosynthetic organisms, ranging in size from single-celled forms to the giant kelp. Anaerobic– a descriptive term for a process such as fermentation that can proceed only in the absence of oxygen or a living thing that can survive only in the absence of oxygen. Banned pesticides – pesticides whose use in the country has been prohibited by official order by the government Bioaccumulation– is the accumulation of substances in life forms or biological system through uptake from the environment or the food chain Biofilm– a microbial (bacterial, fungal, algal) community, enveloped by the extracellular biopolymer, which these microbial cells produce, that adheres to the interface of a liquid and a surface By-product- a secondary or incidental product deriving from a manufacturing process or chemical reaction that is not the primary product or service being produced. Chlorination – the process of adding the element chlorine to water disinfection to make it fit for human consumption as drinking water. Coagulation – is a water treatment process that promotes aggregation of small particles into larger particles that can be subsequently removed by sedimentation and/or filtration. Coliform Organisms (Total Coliforms) - refers to any rod-shaped, non-spore-forming gram negative bacteria capable of growth in the presence of bile sales, or other surface-active agents with similar growth-inhibiting properties which are cytochrome-oxidase negative and able to ferment lactose at either 35 or 37°C with the production of acid, gas and aldehyde within 24-48 hours. Composite sample - a series of individual grab samples taken at different times from the same sampling point and mixed together Consumer’s tap - a valve and spout used to regulate delivery of water supply located at end of the water distribution systems usually within the vicinity of the houses or buildings. Contact time – the length of time water supply is held in direct contact with a treating agent, e.g. chlorine solution. Contamination – a general term referring to the introduction of materials not normally


December 2015

found in water that make the water less desirable or unfit for its intended use. Cyanotoxin – any of several poisonous substances produced by certain cyanobacteria. Decomposition – refers to the reduction of the body of a formerly living organism into simpler forms of matter. Detergent – a substance used to enhance the cleansing action of water, which acts similarly to soap but is made from chemical compounds rather than fats and lye Disinfection – water treatment processes designed to destroy disease-causing microorganisms. The efficacy of disinfection is often assessed by measuring the coliform group of indicator organisms. Dissolution– any of a class of chemical reactions in which solute and solvent molecules combine with relatively weak covalent bonds. Drinking water– water intended for direct human consumption or use in food preparation. Where high quality waters are scarce, the quality of water used for other domestic purposes need not be as high as that of drinking water. Effluent– an outflowing of water from a natural body of water or from a sewage treatment facility Facultative Bacteria – bacteria that can adapt themselves to growth and metabolism underaerobic or anaerobic conditions. Many organisms of interest in wastewater stabilization are among this group. False negative – negative test result when the attribute for which the subject is being tested actually exists in that subject False positive– a positive finding of a test when, in fact, the true result was negative. Fecal coliforms –subgroup of coliform bacteria that has a high positive correlation with fecal contamination associated with all warm blooded animals. These organisms can ferment lactose at 44.5° C and produce gas in a multiple tube procedure (EC Confirmation)or acidity with Membrane Filter procedure Fecal indicator organisms– microorganisms that when detected present in water supply signals fecal pollution of water Fitting– any machine, piping, or tubing part that can attach or connect two or more larger parts in a plumbing system Flora– refers to the collective bacteria and other microorganisms in an ecosystem (usually an animal host or a single part of its body


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Freshwater– water with less than 0.5 parts per thousand dissolved salts which may be found in lakes, rivers, and groundwater. Galvanized pipe– iron or steel pipe that is coated with rust-resistant zinc. Grab sample- a single water sample collected at one time from a single point. Gram-negative bacteria – bacteria that decolorize and accept the safranin stain which appears pink using the gram-stain technique Gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity – radioactivity emanating from radionuclides belonging to the uranium, thorium and actinium series, which are terrestrial in origin.It also includes radionuclides that occur singly and are produced by cosmic rays and are terrestrial in origin. Groundwater– water that occurs below the surface of the Earth, where it occupies spaces in soils or geologic strata Humic Acid– a complex organic acid that is present in soil, peat, and coal formed from the decomposition of vegetable matter. It is responsible for much of the color in water. Igneous- rocks or processes involving the formation and solidification of hot, molten magma produced under conditions involving intense heat Ion- an atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons Leaching- is the loss of soluble substances and colloids from ores or other rock formations beneath the Earth’s surface into groundwater. It is also the separation of soluble substances from plumbing materials into water supply. Level I(or point source) – a protected well or a developed spring with an outlet but without distribution system, generally adaptable for rural areas where the houses are thinly scattered. A level I facility normally serves 15 to 25 households and its outreach must not be more than 250 meters from the farthest user. The yield or discharge is generally from 40 to 140 liters per minute. Level II (communal faucet system or standposts) – a system composed of source, a reservoir, piped distribution network and communal faucets, located no more than 25 meters from the farthest house. The system is designed to deliver 40 to 80 liters per capita per day to an average of 100 households, with one faucet per 4 to 6 households. It is generally suitable for rural and urban areas where houses are clustered densely to justify a simple pipe system. Level III (waterworks system or individual house connections) – a system with a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network and household taps. It is generally suited for densely populated areas. This level of facility requires a minimum treatment of disinfection.


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Local health authority– a government official or employee responsible for application of aprescribed health measure in a local political subdivision. It is the provincial governor, city or municipal mayor, as the case maybe. Metabolite– organic compound that is a starting material in, an intermediate in, or an end product of metabolism. Methylation– refers to the replacement of hydrogen atom (H) with a methyl group (CH3), regardless of the substrate. Most Probable Number (MPN) - a statistical method of determining microbial populations. A multiple dilution tube technique is utilized with a standard medium and observations are made for specific individual tube effects. Resultant coding is translated by mathematical probability tables into population numbers. Oxidation– a chemical reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondingly increased Persistence – extent to which compounds in the environment tend to accumulate and do not easily degrade as a result of natural processes of decomposition Pesticide– chemical substance or biological agent used against pests including insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes, and microbes that compete with humans for food, destroy property, spread disease or are a nuisance. Petroleum– a substance, generally liquid, occurring naturally in the earth and composed mainly of mixtures of chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen with or without other nonmetallic elements such as sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Pipe– a long hollow cylinder used chiefly to convey water supply or sewage Plumbing– includes the pipes, materials, fixtures and other appurtenances used in the installation, maintenance, extension or alteration of building water supply system and building drainage system. Potable water – water suitable (both health and acceptability considerations) for drinking and cooking purposes Proteinaceous – pertains to any adhesive material having a protein base such as animal glue, casein, and soya. Radioactivity – the spontaneous emission of radiation, generally alpha and beta particles, often accompanied by gamma rays, from the nucleus of an unstable isotope. Registered pesticides –types of pesticides that are imported or manufactured locally andare officially recognized by the government for use in the country.


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Residual chlorine – When a sufficient dosage of chlorine is applied to water, microorganisms of sanitary significance are destroyed and there is a reaction on all oxidizable matter. After all these reactions have taken place, at the end of a specified contact time, there remains a certain minute quantity of chlorine in the water. Its presence in the water is usually an indication of sufficiency of treatment or chlorination, and is therefore an assurance of protection of the microbiological quality. Risk assessment– an estimate of the severity or likelihood of harm to populations or ecosystems from exposure to hazard Sedimentary rock– rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment, especially sediment transported by water (rivers, lakes, and oceans), ice (glaciers), and wind. Solvent– a substance, ordinarily a liquid, in which other materials dissolve to form a solution. The most familiar and widely used solvent is water. Other compounds valuable as solvents because they dissolve materials that are insoluble or nearly insoluble in water are acetone, alcohol, benzene (or benzol), carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ether, ethyl acetate, furfural, gasoline, toluene, turpentine, and xylene (or xylol). Trace element–an element found in small quantities (usually less than 1.0%) in a mineral also known as accessory element or guest element. Turbidity- a cloudiness or haziness of water (or other fluid) caused by individual particles that are too small to be seen without magnification. Turbidity in drinking water is caused by particulate matter that may be present from source as a consequence of inadequate filtration or from resuspension of sediment in the distribution system Water refilling stations– establishments where water is purified, sold and placed in water containers. Water safety plan– a comprehensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply from catchments to consumer to ensure the safety of drinking water supply. Water softening – any physical or chemical process of reducing the concentration of divalentcations(including calcium and magnesium) in water supply. Water treatment works – includes devices and equipment or physical and chemical processes for making water suitable for human consumption and other purposes


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V. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1. Microbiological Quality 1.1. Public Health Implications Drinking-water supplies should be free from contamination by human and animal excreta, which can contain a variety of microbial contaminants. Microbiological parameters are indices of potential waterborne diseases and, in general, are limited to bacteria, viruses and pathogenic protozoa. The major interest in classifying and issuing standards is the identification, quantification, and evaluation of organisms associated with waterborne diseases. Practically, all pathogenic organisms that can be carried by water originate from the intestinal tract of warm blooded animals. Bacterial intestinal pathogens known to be transmitted in drinking-water are strains of Salmonella, Shigella, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Yersinia enterocolitica and Campylobacter fetus, Legionella pneumophila although, a soil bacterium, may be contracted by inhalation exposure to the bacteria in water. There are also many common viral and protozoan organisms that transmit disease in humans. Human enteric viruses that may be present in water include Poliovirus, Echovirus, Coxsackie Virus A, Coxsackie Virus B, newenterovirus types 68-71, Hepatitis type A, Gastroenteritis type Norwalk, Rotavirus and Adenovirus . The protozoans are Giardia ,Cryptosporidiumspp, Entamoebahistolytica, Balantidium coli, NaegleriaandAcanthamoeba . Public health concern regarding cyanobacteria relates to their potential to produce a variety of toxins, known as “cyanotoxins.” In contrast to pathogenic bacteria, cyanobacteria do not proliferate within the human body after uptake; they proliferate only in the aquatic environment before intake. Toxic peptides (e.g., microcystins) are usually contained within the cells and may be largely eliminated by filtration. However, toxic alkaloids such as cylindrospermospsin and neurotoxins are also released into the water and may pass through filtration systems. Some microorganisms will grow as biofilms on surfaces (e.g. pipelines) in contact with water. Although most of these organisms do not cause illness to human, they can cause nuisance through generation of taste and odor or discoloration of drinking-water supplies. Growth following drinking-water treatment is referred to as “regrowth”. It is typically reflected in measurement of increasing heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) in water samples. Elevated HPC occur especially in stagnant parts of piped distribution systems, in domestic plumbing, in some bottled water and in plumbed-in devices such as water softeners, carbon filters and vending machines. Potential consequences of microbial contamination are such that it must be of paramount importance and must never be compromised. It should be the primary concern of water providers to secure microbial safety of drinking-water supplies based on the use of multiple barriers, from catchments/source to consumer, to prevent the contamination of drinking-water or to reduce contamination to levels not deleterious to public health. Two approaches can be used to reduce the risk of


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bacterial, viral and parasitic infection to a negligible level: providing drinking water from a source verified free of fecal contamination or adequately treating fecal contaminated water. It is particularly more important to prevent or reduce the entry of pathogens into water sources than to rely on treatment processes to remove these pathogens. Local health authorities should advocate the preparation and implementation of water safety plans (refer to Annex 2) to consistently ensure drinking water safety and thereby protect public health. 1.2. Microbiological Indicators of Drinking-Water Quality Frequent examinations for fecal indicator organisms remain as the most sensitive and specific way of assessing the hygienic quality of water. Fecal indicator bacteria should fulfill certain criteria to give meaningful results. The tests required to detect specific pathogens are generally very difficult and expensive so it is impractical for water systems to routinely test for specific types of organisms. A more practical approach is to examine the water for indicator organisms specifically associated with fecal contamination. An indicator organism essentially provides evidence of fecal contamination from humans or warm-blooded animals. The criteria for an ideal organism are as follows: a. Always present when pathogenic organism of concern is present, and absent in clean, uncontaminated water. b. Present in large numbers in the feces of humans and warm-blooded animals c. Respond to natural environmental conditions and to treatment process in a manner similar to the waterborne pathogens of interest d. Readily detectable by simple methods, easy to isolate, identify and enumerate e. Ratio of indicator/pathogen should be high f. Indicator and pathogen should come from the same source (gastrointestinal tract). No organism fulfills all the criteria for an indicator organism, but the coliform bacteria fulfill most. The coliform group of bacteria (also called as total coliforms) is defined as all the aerobic and facultative anaerobic, gram-negative, nonspore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose with gas formation within 48 h at 35° C. This definition includes E.coli , the most numerous facultative bacterium in othe feces of warm-blooded animals, plus species belonging to the genera Enterobacter , Klebsiella , and Citrobacter . Total coliform could be considered as part of natural aquatic flora because of their regrowth in water. Because of this characteristic, their detection in water supply may mean false positive for fecal contamination. Another way by which false positive can occur is when the bacteria Aeromonasis present in the sample. Aeromonascan biochemically mimic the coliform group. False negatives can occur when coliforms are present along with high populations of HPC bacteria. The presence of HPC bacteria may restrict the activities of coliform group bacteria. Thermotolerant fecal coliforms are a subgroup of total coliforms that are differentiated from the total coliforms through laboratory examinations using elevated temperature (43 to 44.5 C). Although fecal coliforms provide stronger oevidence of fecal contamination than total coliforms, they could not be distinguished as human or


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animal origin. E.coli is the indicator organism of choice for fecal contamination. On the other hand, Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) describes a broad group of bacteria that include pathogens, nonpathogens and opportunistic microorganisms. HPC could be used to indicate general biological condition of drinking-water as aconsequence of insufficiency of treatment processes, regrowth or recontamination of drinking water in the distribution system. Water intended for human consumption should contain no indicator organisms. However, pathogens more resistant to conventional environmental conditions or treatment technologies may be present in treated drinking-water in the absence of E.coli or total coliforms. Protozoaand some enteroviruses are more resistant to many disinfectants including chlorine, and may remain viable and pathogenic in drinking-water following disinfection process. 1.3. Standard Methods of Detection and Values for Microbiological Quality

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, 1998

* Should be validated and approved by Department of Health


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Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, 1998

* Should be validated and approved by Department of Health


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1.4. Sampling and Analysis for Microbiological Quality To determine the safety and acceptability of drinking-water supply, appropriate laboratory examinations should be conducted on representative samples of water taken at all critical stages in the production and consumption of water supply. These stages include, and not limited to: the water sources, in the course of and after the treatment process (if any), and from a reasonable number of points in the distribution network. Microbiological examination, i.e. determination of fecal contamination of water supply, is conducted more frequently than the other tests because of the high probability of microbial contamination and the extent of public health it might cause. 1.4.1 Volume of sample The volume of sample should be sufficient to carry out all tests required, preferably not less than 100 ml. 1.4.2 Sample container Collect samples for microbiological examination in 120 ml clear bottles that have been cleansed and rinsed carefully, given a final rinse with distilled water and sterilized as directed in the standard method of analysis for water and wastewater. Sampling bottles should be provided with either ground glass stoppers or plastic screw caps. A paper or a thin aluminum foil cover should protect both the stopper and neck of the bottle. For waters that have been chlorinated, add 0.1 ml of a 3% solution of sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) to a clean sample bottle before sterilization 1.4.3 Sample Collection, Handling and Storage The sample should be representative of the water under examination. Contamination during collection and before examination should be avoided. The tap should be cleaned and free from attachments and fully opened with water allowed to waste for a sufficient time to permit the flushing/clearing of the service lines. Flaming is not necessary. Taps with a history of previous contamination may be disinfected with hypochlorite solution (NaOCl 100mg/L). No samples shall be taken from leaking taps. The sampling bottle should be kept unopened until it is ready for filling. Remove stopper or cap as a unit; do not contaminate inner surface of stopper or cap and neck of bottle. Fill container without rinsing, it should be filled without rinsing and ample space (at least 2.5 cm) must be left to facilitate mixing by shaking. Replace stopper or cap immediately. Water samples should be processed promptly or within six (6) hours after collection or if not possible the use of ice coolers for storage of water samples during transport to the laboratory is recommended. The time elapsed between collections and processing should in no case exceed 24 hours.


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1.4.4 Identification of Samples Sampling bottles must be tagged with complete and accurate identification and description. The information about the samples can be recorded in a request form for analysis of water quality. 1.4.5 Frequency of Sampling The minimum number of samples to be collected and examined periodically must be based on the mode and source of water supply(as shown in Table 1). However, frequency of sampling should also take into account the past frequency of records yielding unsatisfactory results, the quality of raw water treated, the number of raw water sources, the adequacy of treatment and capacity of the treatment plant, risks ofcontaminationat the source and in the distribution system, the size and complexity of the distribution system, the risk of an epidemic and the practice of disinfection.

Table 1. Minimum Frequency of Sampling for Drinking-Water Supply Systems for Microbiological Examination

1.4.6 Location of Sampling Points. Adherence to the set guidelines for sampling point selection must be observed. These guidelines cover zoning of piped water supply as well as sampling from the point source (refer to Annex 3).


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2. Chemical and Physical Quality 2.1 Chemical Contaminants Various forms of chemicals, which occur naturally in the environment and in raw, water or used in agriculture, industries, and water treatment processes or domestically may be found in drinking water supplies. There are few chemical constituents of water that can lead to acute health problems except through massive accidental contamination of drinking water supply. In such incidents, water usually becomes undrinkable owing to unacceptable taste, odor, and appearance. Certain inorganic constituents may be present in drinking water as a result of leaching out of piping or plumbing materials such as lead, copper, asbestos, nickel and cadmium. Some of these chemicals are known or suspected carcinogens such as arsenic, lead, chromium, and cadmium among others. Organic constituents in water could come from various sources such as the decomposition of organic debris, domestic, agricultural and industrial activities and contamination that occur during water treatment and distribution. These activities generate wastewater discharges, agricultural and urban runoff and leachates from contaminated soils that may include pesticides, solvents, metal degreasers and plasticizers and petroleum products. Other organic contaminants are formed during water treatment processes such as coagulation, chlorination and ozonation. It is recommended that Local Drinking Water Monitoring Committee should look into the possible sources of these chemicals in their respective areas and direct efforts to monitor its possible implications to drinking water supplies. 2.2 Acceptability Aspect The chemicals and physical quality of water may affect its acceptability by consumers. Problems resulting to taste, odor, turbidity, color and similar nature may originate in raw water sources, within the treatment processes, in the distribution system or in the plumbing systems of the consumers. Although acceptability aspects of drinking water quality do not have adverse health implications, standards are set to satisfy the need of consumers for a colorless, odorless and tasteless drinking water. Sections 2.9 to 2.13 indicate the physical and chemical quality requirements of drinking water supply to be provided to consumers. 2.3 Particulates in Water Supply Particles in water may consist of suspended finely divided solids and colloids, clay, silt, fibrous substances as well as living organisms. Particles affect the aesthetic quality or acceptability by the consumers. They can also be of significant health concern since they could be toxic or could adsorb toxic substances. Particulates could interfere with disinfection and other treatment processes. There are no recommended standard values for floating and settled materials, but it is suggested that no floating or settled materials should be found in drinking water.


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2.4 Water Sampling for chemical and physical analysis The actual collection of the water sample is a matter of considerable importance. Refer to section 1.4.6 for sampling location. It is impossible to state unequivocally how much time should be allowed between the time of collection of a sample and its analysis. This depends on the character of the sample, the particular analyses to be made and the conditions of storage. For sampling, the following procedures should be observed: 2.4.1Collect samples from wells only after the well has been pumped sufficiently to ensure that the samples represent the quality of groundwater that feeds the well. Sometimes it will be necessary to pump at a specified rate to achieve a characteristic drawdown as part of the sample record. New wells will require sufficient utilization and abstraction before sampling. Collect samples from open shallow wells by taking a composite sample. 2.4.2 When samples are collected from surface water sources such as river or stream, it is best to take a composite sample from three depths (top, middle and bottom). In this way, the sample becomes representative. If only a grab or catch sample can be collected, it is best to take it in the middle of the stream and at mid-depth. 2.4.3 When sampling lakes and reservoirs, which are naturally subjected to considerable variations from normal causes, the choice of location, depth, and frequency of sampling will depend on the local conditions and the purpose of the investigation. 2.4.4 Before samples are collected from distribution systems, flush the lines sufficiently to ensure that the sample is representative of the supply, taking into account the diameter and length of the pipe to be flushed and the velocity of flow. 2.4.5 Sample of oil films recovered from the surface of stream or other bodies of water will be almost impossible to evaluate in relation to the total volume of water, the total film area, and the thickness involved. A method commonly used to estimate total volume is to divert the water into a wide-mouth container (washed with solvent and air-dried before use). The glass-stopped container should not be completely filled, as a loss of floating oil may occur in stoppering. It is advisable to collect the desired quantity of sample in an oversized bottle that has previously been marked at the desired volume. 2.5 Minimum Frequency of Sampling The minimum frequency of sampling for drinking water supply systems for physical and chemical analysis is provided in Table 2.


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Table 2. Minimum Frequency of Sampling for Drinking-Water Supply Systems for

Physical and Chemical Analysis

2.6 Volume of Sample Three (3) liters of sample should suffice for physical and chemical analyses. Note: No attempt should be made to use the sample for microbiological and microscopic examination because collection and handling methods for are quite different for these analyses. 2.7 Sample Container In all cases, the container should be chosen so that it will not contaminate the sample. 2.7.1 Chemically resistant glass (Pyrex), polyethylene, or hard rubbers are suitable materials for containers (see Table 3). For samples containing organics, avoid plastic containers except those made of fluorinated polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Glass containers generally are preferred for volatile organics. Sample containers must be carefully cleaned to remove all extraneous surface dirt, thoroughly rinsed with distilled water and drained before use. a. For glass bottles, rinsing with chromic acid cleaning solution is necessary. An alternative method is with the use of alkaline permanganate solution followed by an oxalic acid solution. b. For polyethylene bottles, detergents or concentrated hydrochloric acid can be used. 2.7.2 Stoppers, caps and plugs should be chosen to resist the attack of material contained in the vessel or container. Cork stoppers wrapped with a relatively inert metal foil are suitable for many samples, or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). 2.7.3 The sample containers should be such that when filled with the desired amount of sample, space roughly equivalent to 1 percent of the volumetric capacity of the containers is available for expansion of the liquid. 2.7.4 Sample containers must be properly labeled. A gummed label, or a cardboard or tag securely affixed to the container should be provided with the following


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information.

Date and time of sampling

Source of sample

Point of sampling (designed in sufficient detail to enable anyone to collect a second sample from the identical spot from which the first sample was taken)

Temperature of the sample

Sampled by: (name of collector) 2.8 Sample Handling and Storage In general, the shorter the time lapse between collection of a sample and its analysis, the more reliable will analytical results be. 2.8.1For certain constituents and physical values, immediate analysis in the field is required in order to obtain dependable results, because the composition of the sample may change before it arrives at the laboratory. 2.8.2 Changes caused by the growth of organisms may be greatly retarded by keeping the sample in the dark and at a low temperature until it can be analyzed. 2.8.3 It is necessary to keep the samples cool or refrigerated. Storage at a low temperature (4 C) is the best way to preserve most samples. o 2.8.4 Add chemical preservatives to samples only as specified in specific analytical methods. Suitable preservative that will not affect the results of the analyses to be made must be selected. The recommended sampling and preservation of sample according to parameters for analysis are presented in Table 3. The list is by no means inclusive. It is clearly impossible to prescribe absolute rules for the preservation of all possible changes. Advice is included in the notes under the individual determination.


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Table 3.Sampling and Preservation methods according to parameters†

† For determination not listed, use glass or plastic containers; preferably refrigerate during storage and analyse as soon as possible

‡ Environmental Protection Agency, 40CFR Part 136 Table II, Dated July 1, 1999


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P = plastic (polyethylene or equivalent); G = glass; G(A) or P(A) – Rinsed with 1 + 1 HNO3;G(B) – Glass, borosilicate; G(S) – Glass, rinsed with organic solvents or baked; N.S. – Not stated in cited reference; Stat – no storage allowed; analyze immediately.

2.9 Standard Values for Inorganic Chemical Constituents with Health

Significance


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2.9 Standard Values for Inorganic Chemical Constituents with Health Significance - Continuation


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2.10 Organic Chemical Constituents from Industrial Pollution (with health significance)


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2.10 Organic Chemical Constituents from Industrial Pollution (with health significance) - Continuation


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2.11 Standard Value for Organic Chemical Constituents (Pesticides)

§ Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority Pesticide Circular No. 04, Series of 1989

* Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority Board Resolution No. 04, Series of 2005


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2.12 Standard Values for Physical and Chemical Quality for Acceptability Aspects


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2.13 Standard Values for Chemicals Used in Treatment and Disinfection and Disinfection by-products


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2.13 Standard Values for Chemicals Used in Treatment and Disinfection and Disinfection by-products - Continuation

AAS -Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

DPD -NN-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (under residual chlorine method)

EAAS -Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

ELISA -Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

FAAS -Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS)

FID -Flame Ionization Detector

GC -Gas Chromatography

GC/ECD -Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture Detector

GC/ELCD -Gas Chromatograph/Electrolytic Conductivity Detector

GC/FID -Gas Chromatograph/Flame Ionization Detector

GC/MS -Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry

GC/PID -Gas Chromatograph/Photoionization Detector

HPLC -High-performance Liquid Chromatography

ICP/AES -Inductively Coupled Plasma / Atomic Emission Spectrometry

ICP/MS -Inductively Couple Plasma / Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS)


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3. Radiological Quality Radioactive contaminants in drinking water may come from naturally-occurring radionuclides present in rocks and soils from earth's formation and from man-made radionuclide arising from power generated by nuclear energy. Deepwells, groundwater and mineral springs have been known to be sources of natural radioactivity, principally radium and radon. Deposition of radioactive fallout from nuclear weapon testing abroad or from nuclear accidents, nuclear power plants facilities or from medical use of radioactive substances may also be a source of contamination. Although the contribution of radioactivity in drinking water from above sources is very minimal, it is still important to monitor radioactivity to protect the public from undue exposure to radiation, The World Health Organization has set radioactivity levels for gross alpha and gross beta activity as shown on Section 3.7, in radioactivity units of Becquerel per liter (Bq/L). The guidelines are based on the fact that radioactivity in drinking water contributes only a minor part of the total radiation dose received from natural sources. Screening of gross alpha and gross beta emitters is used to determine whether more complete analyses for specific radionuclides are needed. The term screening value is used in the same manner as reference level as defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). A reference level is not a dose limit requirement. The values of the gross alpha and beta which is used as the initial screening technique for assessing the radiological quality of drinking water do not include gaseous radionuclide such as radon, so that if its presence is suspected, special measurement should be used. The Environmental Protection Agency has established Maximum Contaminant Level and Alternate Maximum Contaminant Level for radon in drinking water. (Refer to Section 3.7). 3.1. Collection of Samples Samples of drinking water are collected directly from the source, typically from household faucets. Groundwater and spring water used as drinking water are also collected directly from pumpwells or deepwells. 3.2. Sample Size: containers: handling and storage One liter of water sample is collected and contained in a properly labeled polyethylene plastic container. After sample collection, the sample is acidified to a pH of less than 2 using minimum amounts of diluted hydrochloric acid to minimize losses caused by adsorption in the container walls as well as to preserve the sample. Radiochemical analysis is then performed in the laboratory at any time except perhaps when short-lived radionuclides are known to be present in the sample. 3.3. Sampling frequency Based on the 2000 EPA final rule on radiological requirements on drinking water, the PNRI established monitoring frequency for the Philippine drinking water (Section 3.8).


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In case of emergencies such as nuclear accidents from neighboring countries, immediate sampling and analysis should be done. 3.4. Resampling Re-sampling and reexamination of the source of drinking water should be performed in cases where gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity levels exceed the standard values. In the event that gross alpha is exceeded, analysis of specific alpha-emitting radionuclides, total Radium shall be conducted. If the gross beta activity is exceeded, analysis of specific beta-emitting radionuclides, tritium (3H) and Strontium (90Sr) shall be performed. Additional advice may be obtained from the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman,Quezon City. 3.5. Method of Analysis The methods for analyses of gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity), 226Ra, 3H and 90Sr shall be based on the standard procedures by the Health Physics Research Section and Analytical Measurement Research Section of the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute. The procedures are based on the procedure manual of the Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML-300) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Prescribed Procedures for Measurement of Radioactivity in Drinking water (EPA 600/4-80-032). The determination of gross alpha radioactivity should be made as soon as practicable to minimize the in growth of radon and its daughter products in the prepared sample. If the gross alpha and gross beta levels are less than the standard values, no further examination is necessary except for routine surveillance as may be required in the vicinity of nuclear installations or the major sources of radionuclides pollution. 3.6. Health Effects Radiation causes a variety of health effects, depending on the dose rate, Linear Energy Transfer (LET) of the type of radiation and several other factors. At low doses, the health effects of radiation are primarily cancer induction and genetic disorder. However, these effects may take a number of years before they are manifested. The conservative approach in radiation protection is to assume that any dose, no matter how small, carries with it a finite, albeit small, probability of inducing cancer. The United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) has estimated that the probability of fatal cancer induction after low-dose, low dose-rate irradiation of the total population to be 5 x 10-3 sievert per year (Sv/y). For instance, the limits for 3H(7600 Bq/L) and 90Sr(5 Bq/L) in drinking water, when combined, are estimated to have probability of causing in two out of one million persons exposed. However, based on the data obtained at the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute on 3H and 90Sr as well as 222Rn in drinking water, the limits for drinking water are generally not reached, much less exceeded.


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Breathing radon from the indoor air in homes is the primary public health risk from radon contributing to about 20,000 lung cancer death each year in the United States according to 1999 landmark report by the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) on radon in indoor air. Radon from tap water is a smallest source of radon in indoor air. Only about 1-2 percent of radon in indoor air comes from drinking water.

3.7. Standard Values for Radiological Constituents

3.8. Sampling Frequency Requirements for Radiological Constituents

VI. REPEALING CLAUSE All administrative orders, rules and regulations and administrative issuances or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of these standards are hereby repealed or amended accordingly. VII. EFFECTIVITY This order takes effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in an official gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation.


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ANNEX 1.A.

Guidelines in Identifying Priority Drinking-Water Quality Parameters for Monitoring

The Local Health Authority at the municipal or city level shall identify the list of parameters that will be examined to determine the potability of drinking water supply provided in the local area. To achieve this, the local health authority through the Local Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Committee shall undertake a systematic assessment of all the parameters listed in the 2007 Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW 2007) in consultation with, but not limited to, the following authorities: health, water resources, water supply provision, environment, agriculture, geological services/mining, industry, and radiological services. As a matter of prudent public health decision, particularly in situations where resources are limited, to give priority to ensuring availability and accessibility of water supply all individuals over rendering treatment to water for the benefit of few individuals. Based on its health significance and acceptability, the following priority parameters shall be tested: 1. microbiological 8. turbidity 2. arsenic 9. iron 3. cadmium 10. pH 4. lead 11. manganese 5. nitrate 12. chloride 6. benzene 13. sulfate 7. color 14. TDS

In addition to the above, other physical and chemical parameters shall be tested based on the following conditions: 1. Chemical/Physical Quality 1.1 All naturally occurring chemicals based on the geological characteristics in the local area that are of health significance and are found in drinking-water supply should be in the priority list. 1.2 An inventory of chemicals used in local agricultural practices such as pesticide, herbicide and fungicides shall be the basis for identifying which the organic constituents (pesticides) to include in the priority list. 1.3 Industries that transport, use as raw materials, produce either as intermediate or final product or by-product or generate as wastes any or all of the chemicals listed in PNSDW 2006 shall be identified and mapped. Water sources taken within 50 meters from the location of the said industries should be examined for such chemicals. 1.4 Chemical disinfection by-products shall be identified based on the type of disinfectants used. If water providers could provide evidence of control of generation of disinfection by-product such as pretreatment to remove precursors, use of treatment technology that evidently removes disinfection by-product or two successive analysis showing that suspected by-product does not occur then such chemical disinfection by-products will be removed from the priority list.


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1.5 Chemicals leaching from plumbing system materials or facilities such as copper, lead, zinc and nickel shall be included in the list if the pH of water is 6 or below. 1.6 Hardness will only be in the list if the general population deems it unacceptable at certain level due to taste or odor. 1.7 The list of priority physical and chemical parameters to be monitored may change based on the results of previous water examinations. Parameters that are less likely to occur in water may be tested less frequent. Radiological Quality 2.1 Radiological quality shall be included in the priority list if there is fall-out or contamination from suspected sources of radiological impurities of water such as hospitals or other industries. 2.2 Sources of naturally occurring radiological contaminants should be identified by the Department of Health or Philippine Nuclear Research Institute


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ANNEX 1.B.

Water Safety Plans The application of an extensive risk assessment and risk management approach that encompasses all steps in water supply system from sources, production, storage and conveyance to consumers will ensure safety of drinking water supply. Such approach is termed as Water Safety Plans. It follows the principles and concepts of multiple-barrier approach and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) as used in the food industry. It is proposed that these plans will be prepared by all water providers from large water systems to water refilling stations. Three key-components of Water Safety Plans: • System assessment – to determine whether the drinking water supply chain as a whole can deliver water of quality that meets health-based targets. This also includes the assessment of design criteria or new systems • Operational monitoring – to identifying control measures in a drinking-water system that will collectively control identified risks and ensure that the health-based targets are met; to rapidly detect any deviation from required performance • Management plans – to describe actions to be taken during normal operations or incident conditions A thorough discussion of water safety plans is presented in WHO’s Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 2004, Third Edition.


December 2015

ANNEX 1.C.

Guidelines for Selecting the Location of Sampling Points

1. Sample Location 1.1 Piped water supply zoning Zoning of piped water supplies should be undertaken to ensure that different parts of the water supply system that may have different level of risk are adequately covered for water quality sampling. A zone can be considered as coverage area per source, service reservoir supplies specific area , an area where different parts of distribution system operates at different pressures and elevations and an area where leakage or reliability is different in different parts of the system 1.2 Point Source Samples should be taken from the point source from the principal outlet–handpump or spring outlet. For routine monitoring boreholes or deepwells generally requires less frequent sampling as they are usually of better quality than shallow groundwater given the greater depths of water abstraction. It is also important to undertake an extended assessment of point source quality in order to develop an understanding of the process causing water quality failure and thus the appropriate interventions required to improve the source. 1.3 Selection of Sampling Sites When the sample locations and frequencies of sampling visits have been calculated, the final stage is the selection of sampling sites. Sample sites will usually be taken as being representative of a wider area. Samples sites can be either fixed – i.e. every time sampling is carried out in the area, a sample is always picked from the same point. Sample sites can also be random, with the exact location of the sample point in zone or area varying between sample rounds. 1.3.1. Key fixed points that should always be included in the surveillance include: • water leaving treatment works (usually the first tap) • the inlets and outlets of service reservoirs • critical points in the distribution system - (e.g. low-pressure area or parts of the system prone to frequent discontinuity 1.3.2. Regular sampling points will include public taps in high-density areas or in places such as markets where large number of people congregate.


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REFERENCE

American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition, 1998

CFR Title 40 Part 136 Table II, Dated July 1, 1999

Committee on Water Treatment Chemical, Food and Nutrition Board, Water Chemical Codex

Connell, Gerald F., The Chlorination/Chloramination Handbook, AWWA, 1996 De Zuane, John, Handbook of Drinking Water Quality, 2nd edition

Degremont, Water Treatment Handbook, 5th edition, 1979

Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority Pesticide Circular No. 04, Series of 1989

Fertilizer and Pesticide Authority Board Resolution No. 04, Series of 2005

Hayashi, Tabata, Catapang, Evaluation Report: LWUA-JICA Technical Cooperation Projection

“Improvement of Water Quality in the Philippines”, JICA, 2003

Hem, John D., Study and Interpretation of the Chemical Characteristics of Natural Water, USGS, 1985

JICA, Baseline Survey on Nationwide Ground Water Quality Monitoring in the Philippines,2003

Letterman, Raymond D., (Technical Editor), Water Quality and Treatment – A Handbook of

Community Water Supplies, 5th edition, AWWA

Sabandeja, Victor V., Development of 2006 Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water, Paper Presented at the National Convention of Philippine Society of Sanitary

Engineers, Baguio City, June 8, 2006.

Sommerfield, Elmer O., Iron and Manganese Removal Handbook, AWWA, 1999

WHO’s Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, 2004, Third Edition.


December 2015

ANNEX 2.


December 2015

ANNEX 3.

BOARD RESOLUTION


December 2015

ANNEX 4. TRAINING CALENDAR

TITLE OF TRAINING NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS

NAME OF PARTICIPANTS

BUDGET

Occupational / Safety And Basic First Aid

Operation and Maintenance of Pump Facilities and Appurtenances

Property and Inventory Management

Safety Planning and Emergency Preparedness

Water Meter Management Seminar

Understanding the Concept of Water Contamination

Revised Rules on Administrative Cases

Basic Customer Service Skills

Public Service Ethics and Accountability

Capacitating PMT's

Public Sector Unionism

Orientation / Re-Orientation Program for New Entrants

GAD Awareness (COA initiated)


December 2015

ANNEX 5.


December 2015

ANNEX 6. (PAGE 1)


December 2015

ANNEX 6. (PAGE 2)


December 2015

ANNEX 7.


December 2015

ANNEX 8


December 2015

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

BAWAD - Bayawan Water District

CENRO - City Environment and Natural Resources Office

DENR - Department of Environment and Natural Resources

DOH - Department of Health

LGU - Local Government Unit

LWUA - Local Water Utilities Administration

NAWASA - National Waterworks and Sewerage Authority

NLIF-PSF - Non-LWUA Initiated Funds - President's Social Fund

NWRB - National Water Resources Board

PAWD - Philippine Association of Water Districts

PNSDW - Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water

RHU - Rural Health Unit

UNICEF - United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund

WSP - Water Safety Plan

WHO - World Health Organization

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