entritis and diarrheal diseases of sheep and goats
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TRANSCRIPT
ENTRITIS AND DIARRHOEAL DISEASES OF SHEEP AND
GOATS
Submitted to Dr Hassan Mushtaq SbSubmitted by Abdul Wajid 2013-mphil-1086
Contents
Entritis Diarrhea Transmission sign CausesInfectious
1. BacterialE. coliSalmonella sp.Clostridium perfringins
2. ViralRotavirusCoronavirus
3.Protozoa Cryptosporidia Coccidia (Eimera sp.)Giardia sp.
Non Infectious • Gastro-intestinal worms • Nutritional• Dietary changes• Overfeeding• Simple indigestion• Inadequate intake of
colostrums• stagnant water• Lush or wet pasture• Allergies• Poor sanitation• Stress
Diarrhea (Scours)• Diarrhea is defined as an increased frequency, fluidity, or volume of fecal excretion. The feces may contain blood or mucous and be smelly
Enteritis• inflammation of the intestine, especially the small
intestine, usually accompanied by diarrhoea.
Transmission• fecal-oral route• transmitted through water contaminated with feces• Some viruses can be transmitted through air• Nosocommial transmission is possible
Sign Symptoms• Vomiting• Dehydration moderate to severe• Fever– often of moderate grade• Mild abdominal pain
E.Coli scours
• scours is an opportunistic disease associated with sloppy environmental conditions and poor sanitation
• It is also called "watery mouth," because affected lambs salivate and have a cold mouth.
Treatment• Antibiotics are used• . Spectinomycin oral is commonly used• Adequate colostrum
Salmonella• The bacteria Salmonella has thousands of serotypes and all can potentially cause diarrhea in animals. Salmonella can cause diarrhea in lambs and kids of any age.
Treatment• Bleach is an effective disinfectant to use during an outbreak.
• Vaccine efficacy is questionable.
clostridium A, B, C, and D can all cause diarrhea in lambs and kids, though type D is the most common agent With type D the onset of neurologic signs followed by sudden death. Treatmentsupportive care and administration of the antitoxin.• type C • bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic enteritis, and bloody scours.
colostrum is also important.
RotavirusLambs and kids are infected with a group of B rotaviruses, whereas most other animals and humans are infected with group A rotoviruses.. Young animals become very depressed and dehydrated.
Treatment• supportive care.• Vaccination before they give birth will increase passive immunity.
Cryptosporidium
• Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoa that can cause diarrhea.
• . The diarrhea is usually very liquid and yellow.
Treatment• . Ammonia and formalin • The best control comes from lambs and kids getting adequate immunity through colostrum soon after birth.
Giardia
• Giardia-induced diarrhea • The diarrhea is usually transient, but infected animals can continue to shed cysts for many weeks
Treatment• . Infected animals can be treated effectively with fenbendazole
Coccidiosis
• Coccidosis is a protozoan parasitic disease that is a common cause of diarrhea in lambs and kids.
• . The diarrhea of lambs and kids is usually not bloody, but it may contain blood or mucous and be very watery.
Treatment• Treatment of affected animals includes supportive care and adminstration of coccidiostats
Non Infectious causes
• Nutritional• . Nutritional problems can result in diarrhea. • Due to• Poor quality milk replacer• Mixing error• Overfeeding
Gastro-intestinal worms
• The Barber pole worm (Haemonchus contortis) is the major worm species affecting sheep and goats
• gastro-intestinal worms can cause diarrhea in sheep and goats
Control• good pasture• grazing• animal management• with effective anthelmintics
Rumen Acedosis• Acidosis is caused by• too much grain• concentrate• which causes a change in rumen acidity and bacteria population
Treatment• Treatment includes• drenching with mineral oil or antacids. • feeding management.• Concentrates (grain) should be introduced to the diet slowly
Cont…..• Dietary changes• Overfeeding• Simple indigestion• Poor qualtiy milk replacers• Inadequate intake of colostrums• Poor quality colostrums• Poor quality or stagnant water
Cont…..• Lush or wet pasture• Inadequate dry matter intake• Plant and fungal toxins• Allergies• Management (Poor environment)• Overstocking/Overcrowding
Cont….• Poor sanitation• Stress Weaning• Handling• Weather extremes• Shipping/Transportation
Treatment Strategies.Spectinomycin• Pepto-Bismol. • . Kaopectate (Kaolin-Pectin) can be used to treat non-
infectious causes of diarrhea• Antibacterial drugs• . Sulfa-antibiotics or amprolium should be used in the
case of coccidia• Sulphadimadine