diarrheal diseases
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Diarrheal Diseases. Courtney Cooper. Diarrhea( >3 loose/liquid stools per day) depletes the body of needed fluids and salts leading to dehydration. Diarrhea is often caused by ingestion of the bacteria/virus/parasite through fecal-oral or direct contact. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Diarrheal DiseasesCourtney Cooper
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Diarrhea(>3 loose/liquid stools per day) depletes the body of needed fluids and salts leading to dehydration
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Diarrhea is often caused by ingestion of the bacteria/virus/parasite through fecal-oral or direct contact.
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Three severities of diarrhea include the acute watery, acute bloody, and persistent diarrhea.
Acute watery Acute Bloody Persistent
Cholera Dysentery/Shigella Celiac’sIBS
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Diarrhea can be osmotic, exudative, motility related, or inflammatory.
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Identification of causes often begins with a stool culture.
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Causes of Diarrhea• Bacterial gastroenteritis• Cholera• Shigella• Dysentery
• Viral gastroenteritis• Norovirus• Rotavirus
• Campylobacter• Traveler’s Diarrhea-E. coli• Clostridium Difficile
• Food poisoning• S. aureus/toxins
• Typhoid• Salmonellosis• Colon cancer• IBS• Lactose intolerance• Celiac’s disease• Hormone abnormalities• Alcohol
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Clostridium difficile (C. diff) is an opportunistic bacteria with an AB toxin.
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Shigellosis is a main cause of diarrhea with bloody stools, and is transmitted fecal-orally.
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Shigella multiplies in and spreads through intestinal epithelial cells.
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Shiga Toxin
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Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and children all over the world.
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Rotavirus is one of the few causes of diarrhea with a preventative measure of a vaccine, recently developed.
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There are several different simple stepsto prevent transmission.
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Diarrhea is usually effectively treated by restoring fluid and salt balance
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What are organizations doing?• World Health Organization conducts research, develop health
interventions, and try to manage diarrhea in developing countries.
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References• http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/index.
html• http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/hygiene/ldc/diarrheal_dise
ases.html• http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Diarrheal+dis
eases• http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/travelersdiarrh
ea_g.htm• http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/727050_3• http://ocw.tufts.edu/Content/6/CourseHome/207201/207203