t8 b19 hq faa 2 of 3 fdr- faa historian chronology- 9-11-01 to 4-15-02

8/14/2019 T8 B19 HQ FAA 2 of 3 Fdr- FAA Historian Chronology- 9-11-01 to 4-15-02

1/21

Chronology of the Attacks of September 11,2001,andSubsequent Events through April 15,2002

(Eastern time is used.)

Prepared by the FAA Agency Historian, this timeline is a reference tool. It does notrepresent an official position of the FAA.Sep 11,2001: In an unprecedented terrorist assault on the United States, hijackersseized the controls of four airliners for use as missiles against ground targets. Eventsincluded:8:00 a.m.: American Airlines Flight 11, a Boeing 767with 92persons aboard,lifted off from Boston Logan for Los Angeles.(a)8:14 a.m.: United Airlines Flight 175, a Boeing 767with 65persons aboard, liftedoff from Boston Logan for Los Angeles.(a)8:21 a.m.: American Airlines Flight 77, a Boeing 757 with 64 persons aboard,lifted off from Washington Dulles for Los Angeles.(a)8:40 a,m.: FAA notified NORAD's Northeast Air Defense Sector concerning thesuspected hijacking of American Flight 11.8:41 a.m.:United Airlines Flight 93, a Boeing 757with 44persons aboard, liftedoff from Newark for San Francisco,(a) after leaving the gate at 8:01 .(l)8:43 a.m.: FAAnotified NORAD's Northeast Air Defense Sector concerning theUnited Flight 175 suspected hijacking.8:46 a.m., approx.: American Flight 11 crashed into the north tower of NewYork's World Trade Center.18:46 a.m.: NORAD ordered two F-15 fighters to scramble from Otis Air NationalGuard Base, Mass. They were airborne at 8:52 a.m.

9:02 a.m., approx.: UAL Flight 175 crashed into the World Trade Center'ssouth tower.29:04 a.m., approx.: FAA's Boston Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)stopped all departures from airports within its jurisdiction.3

9:06 a.m.: FAA stopped departures of flights bound to or through the airspace ofthe NewYork ARTCC fromairports within airspace controlled by that ARTCC and itsadjacent ARTCCs (Washington, Cleveland, and Boston).(d)9:08 a.m.: FAA stopped departures nationwide for traffic flying to or through theairspace of the New York ARTCC.(d) FAA also issued a written advisory that"sterilized" the airspace controlled by the New York ARTCC, meaning that all aircraftoperating in that airspace were ordered to leave it.(e)

9:24 a.m.: jFAAnotified NORAD^s Northeast Air Defense Sector concerning thejasr mbig from Tjbey were airborne at 9:30 SLm. FAA andNbRAD estabUsMan opelQluielb dlscuss'AAX Flight 77aMTJALFnpt 93;

9:26 a.m.: FAA issued a nationwide ground stop that prevented the takeoff of allcivil aircraft, regardless of destination. (d>e) At 9:29 a.m., FAA issued Advisory 031concerning the ground stop.(d)


2/21

9:40 a.m., approx.: American Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon, the DefenseDepartment's Washington headquarters.49:45 a.m.: In the first unplanned shut down of civil operations throughoutU.S. airspace, FA A ordered all civil aircraft to land at the nearest airport as soon aspossible. At the time of the order, 4,546 flights were airborne. (At 10:39 a.m., FAAfollowed up on this order with a Notice to Airmen closing operations at all airports; at11:06 a.m., the agency issued Advisory 036 suspending operations hi the NationalAirspace System.)(M'e)9:48 a.m.: According to media, the Capitol and the West Wing of the WhiteHouse were evacuated; from about 10:00 to 11:30 a.m., Federal buildings nationwidewere evacuated.^9:55 a.m.: President George W. Bush departed from Sarasota, Fla., according tomedia., and arrivedat Barksdale Air Force Base, La., at about 11:40 a-m.10:10 a.m., approx.: United Flight 93 crashed in Stony Creek Township, Pa.5In cellular telephone calls, passengers had stated their intention to resist the hijackers.1112:16 p.m.: The national airspace was clear of civil traffic, except for a smallnumber of law enforcement or emergency operations, and a few international arrivals.(d)1:37 p.m.: According to media, President Bush left Barksdale Air Force Base. At2:50 p.m., the President arrived at Offutt Air Force Base, Neb., where he receivednational security briefings. At 4:36 p.m., he left Offutt for Washington, where he arrivedabout 7:00 p.m, and addressed the Nation at 8:30 p.m.^

Determining the total loss of life due to the September 11 attacks proved difficult.The foliowhig fatality figures were reported by the Associated Press on Apr 22,2002:New York, 2,823 (including 128 listed as missing); Washington, 189; Pennsylvania, 44;total, 3,056.

Sources and Notes Regarding the Times of Events on September 1 1, 2001(a)(b)(0fd)fe)(f)(g)fh)12345

FAA (APA), Flights in September 11 Incidents, undated^Sep 2001)FAA, History of Ground Stop Order, undated (Sep 2001)FAA (AAT-20) American Airlines Flight 77, Sep 15, 2001FAA (AAT), Initial Ground Stop Decisions/Traffic in the NAS, Sep 18, 2001FAA, Statement ofAdministrator Jane F. Garvey before a House subcommittee, Sep 21,2001FBI Press Release, Sep 14, 2001NORAD, NORAD's Response Times, Sep 17, 2001News media.Approximation, based on document (g) and on Secretary Norman Y.Mineta's testimony before aSenate subcommittee, Sep 20, 2001; document (a) lists 8:47Approximation, based on (a) and (g); document (f) lists 9:05Approximation; document (d) lists 9:04, but earlier times have been mentionedApproximation^dpaiment (g) estimates 9:37; (f) lists 9:39; Associated Press, Sep 12, 2001, listsApproximation; document (g) lists 10:03; (f) lists 10:10; (a) estimates 10:15

Sep 12,2001: DOT announced that FAA would begin a limited reopening of thenation's commercial airspace to allow flights diverted during the previous day toproceed to their destinations. This included international flights bound for U.S. airportsthat had been diverted to Canada. Apart from these operations, the ground stop orderremained hi effect while additional security steps were completed. These measures


3/21

included: search and security check of all airplanesand airports before passenger reentry;a ban on curbside and off-airport check-in; access to boarding areas for ticketedpassengers only; increased monitoring ofvehicles near airport; and a strict ban on knivesand cutting tools as carry-on items.In an early example of the attacks' economic effects, Midway Airlinesannounced that it was shutting down permanentlydue to the previous day's events.The carrier had already filed for bankruptcy protection on August 13.Sep 13, 2001: DOT ordered the reopening of the national airspace to U.S. aircarriers, effective 11:00 a.m., provided that the airport involved had implemented thenew security measures. Part 135 operators were included in the reopening. Generalaviation remained grounded, except in Alaska. Foreign air carriers were still not allowedto fly into the United States, with certain exceptions, but could depart if they met the newsecurity standards. By the following day, foreign carriers were being permitted entry ifthey met those standards, and depending on their point of origin.Sep 14, 2001: As of 9:00 a.m., FAA had recertified 421 of 451 airports as meeting thenew security standards. Among the airports continuing to reopen during the day werethe three major facilities servingNew York City, which had already reopened for a timeon September 13, but had closed again due to security concerns. The major airports yetto reopen were Boston Logan and Washington's Reagan National. The latter facilityremained under "temporary, indefinite" closure.Effective at 12:15 p.m., FAA reauthorized agricultural flight operations (cropdusting) under Part 137. Effective at 4:00 p.m., DOT approved reopening of theairspace to certain general aviation flights. Instrument Flight Rules (EFR) operationswere permitted, except within two areas under Temporary Flight Restrictions thatextended 25 nautical miles from N ew York Kennedy and Washington Reagan Nationalairports. (Exceptions applied to airports at White Plains, N.Y., and Manassas, Va.)Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations remained grounded nationwide, except to allowremoval of aircraft from the predicted path of a tropical storm in four southern states.In other developments on September 14, fighter jets reportedly forced downthree small planes in Maryland, West Virginia, and Texas for violating flightrestrictions. The FBI released the names of 19 men identified as the September 11hijackers. Four were aboard the United Flight 93 that crashed in Pennsylvania, and fiveaboard each of the other three hijacked flights.Sep 15, 2001: Boston Logan airport reopened, leaving Washington's Reagan Nationalas the only major airport yet to do so. FAA announced that some commercial and

gyyifinj^ and_* -- _ ._onand 24.

Sep 16, 2001 : Secretary of Transportation Norman Y. Mineta announced the creation oftwo Rapid Response Teams composed of six leaders in aviation and security protection.


4/21

The teams would make recommendations on improving aviation security no later thanOctober 1 ,2001. One team would focus on airport security, the other on aircraft security.FAA grounded Part 137 agricultural operations due to security concerns.Effective this date, however, authorities permitted shipment of mail and packagesaboard passenger flights to resume, subject to heightened security. Such shipmentshad been suspended after the terrorist attacks.In remarks at the White House beginning at 3:23 p.m., President Bush named theleader of the Al Qaeda organization, Osama bin Laden , "the prime suspect" in theSeptember 1 1 attacks.Sep 17, 2001: FAA again permitted the resumption of agricultural flight operationsunder Part 137. Other Visual Flight Rules operations remained grounded. FAA'sAdministrator Jane F. Garvey held a teleconference with 31 airport operators to reviewthe status of airports' return to operation, to stress the importance of the new securitymeasures, and to encourage contact with the agency on questions or concerns.Sep 18, 2001: By this date, announced aviation employee layoffs following theSeptember 1 1attacks reportedly totaled 44,000 in the airline sector. On that same day,Boeing stated that it would lay off up to 30,000 workers. By October 4, media reportedannounced airline layoffs totaled 128,000.Sep 19, 2001:On or about this date,FAAinitiated a revalidation by airport operatorsof identification badges of employees with access to secure areas.Sep 19, 2001 : Late on this day, the agency permitted limited resumption of generalaviation Part 91 operations under Visual Flight Rules (VFR). Exceptions includedflight in Enhanced Class B (ECB) airspace, meaning that VFR flying was not allowedover, through, or "under the shelf of the Class B airspace category surrounding majorairports. (Later, ECB was defined to exclude airspace above 18,000 feet.) Other types ofPart 91VFR operations not permitted to resume were: civil flight training; bannertowing; circling or loitering by news reporting helicopters; traffic watch; sightseeing; andairship/blimp flights.In another development on Sep 19, FAA prohibited U.S. civil flights to or overAfghanistan, a ban that remained in effect until Feb 1, 2002.Sep 20, 2001: At about noon, FAA issued a Notice to Airmen (FDC 1/0257) restrictingflight over major sporting events or other major open-air assemblies. Flight below3,000 feet was not permitted within 3 nautical miles of such events.

Prc^StabilizatioB Act


5/21

communities; and authorized DOT to provide certain insurance against risks to aircraft inthe United States.(Later, on Sep 25, President Bush notified the Speaker of the House that he wasproviding up to $5billion to DOT's Compensation for Air Carriers account under theterms of the Act. Another implementation step came on Oct 5, when the Office ofManagement and Budget released regulations that gave the Air TransportationStabilization Board broad powers in providing up to $10 billion in loan guaranteesto air carriers.)Effective at 7:00 a.m. on September 22, FAA lifted some of the restrictions ongeneral aviation (Part 91) flight training under Visual Flight Rules (VFR). Suchtraining might be permitted in non-turbojet aircraft of less than 12,500 Ibs. outside ofEnhanced Class B airspace. Training in single- and twin-engine piston powered aircraftand helicopters was permitted within Enhanced Class B airspace except in and aroundBoston and in the areas of New York City and Washington, B.C., covered by temporaryflight restrictions. Part 91 sightseeing outside of Enhanced Class B airspace andtemporary restricted areas was also allowed to resume.Sep 23,2001: Due to security considerations, FAA imposed a ban onPart 137agricultural flight operations for the second time since permitting the flights to resumeon September 14.Sep 24,2001: AdministratorGarvey traveled by commercial airliner to New York,where she met with employeesof FAA's Eastern Region headquarters, many of whomlost relatives and friends in the terrorist attacks.Sep 25,2001: FAA's secondban on Part 137 agricultural flights ended at 12:05 a.m.in each time zone.

In an address at the International Civil Aviation Organization in Montreal,Administrator Garvey called on ICAO member states to cooperate in investigatingthe September 11 attacks and to meet at a high level to agree on steps to eradicateterrorism from civil aviation.DOT's Research and Special Projects Administration issued a Broad AgencyAnnouncement requesting paperson innovative technical or operational concepts toimprove transportation security.Sep 27,2001: PresidentBush announced a program to enhance civil aviationsecurity, based on a midpoint review of the work of DOT's Rapid Response Teams.Elements of the plan included a continued expansion of the Federal Air Marshals

toto eky dmy^ockpit^iccess4^ workwithCongress toplace the federal governmentin charge of airport security. Uniformed federalpersonnel would managea combined federal and non-federal security workforce atairports. The President would request state governors to deploy National Guard troopsat airportspending implementationof the new program, which was expected to takefour to six months.


6/21

Media reported on this day that President Bush had delegated to certain militaryofficers the authority to order airliners shot down, as a last resort, if the public wasthreatened.FA A permitted the resumption of curbside check-in at some airports withadditional security measures in place. Applications for employment as a Federal AirMarshal reached more than 20,000 by this date. The total had reached more than136,000 applications by January 7, 2002.Sep 28, 2001: National Guard personnel began assisting security at multipleairports around the nation. By Oct. 16, a total of 6,155 Guard members had beendeployed at 420 airports in 53 states and territories.FAA issued a 15-part Notice to Airmen (1/0586) on emergency rules currently ineffect. Changes to flight restrictions included authorization for all general aviation Part91 operations outside of Enhanced Class B (ECB) airspace, including previouslygrounded airships/blimps, news helicopters, traffic-watch aircraft, and banner-towingoperations. Flight training operations were permitted for aircraft up to 12,500 Ib. outsideof ECB airspace and up to 6,000 Ib. inside ECB airspace, except in the Boston ECB andin the continuing restricted areas around New York and Washington, D.C.Also on Sep 28, FAA warned that pilots who violated restricted or prohibitedareas faced risks that included military interception, forced landing, and, as a last resort,the use of deadly force.Oct 1,2001: The Rapid Response Teams completed their reports, which theysubmitted to the Secretary of Transportation in meetings on this day and the next. Theaircraft security team made 17 recommendations on issues that included: installationwithin 90 days of a flight deck barrier device on the entire airline fleet; new requirementsfor future flight deck doors; changes in security training; prompt delivery of securityadvisories to crewmembers; and a task force on modificationsto assure continuoustransponder signal transmission. The airport security team recommended establishment ofa new DOT security agency for transportation law enforcement, including officers tooversee airport security. The team's 15 other recommendations concerned: sharingsecurity information; exploiting new technologies; unproved screening and accesscontrol; and a voluntarypre-screening regimen to qualify passengers for fasterprocessing.Also on Oct 1, FAA issued Special Federal Aviation Regulation 91 requiringoperators of private charters and general aviation flights using secure areas atairports to implement security procedures already required for public charters andscheduled passenger flights. This provision was effective on Oct 6. The rule also

qthgL^^ifTwEenTaOct 2, 2001: President Bush announced a phased reopening of Washington'sReagan NationalAirport, beginning on October 4, for commercial service only.Extraordinary airport security measures would include: a ban on aircraft with more than156 seats; operations only between 7 a.m. and 10 p.m.; and temporary discontinuance ofthe river approach that hadbeen used to mitigate noise. Phase I of the reopening, to last


7/21

about 3 weeks, would be limited to shuttle flights and service to eight hubs by sixairlines. Phase n, to last 30-45 days, would add flights to additional cities (see Oct 18,2001). Further phases would be announced after review of the initial operations.A series of events leading to alarm over terrorist use of anthrax began when aman who worked in the American Media building in Boca Raton, Fla., was hospitalizedwith pulmonary anthrax. He died on October 5. Subsequent incidents involving receiptof contaminated letters at media offices spread concern over the delivery of anthraxspores by mail (see Oct 15,2001).Oct 2,2001: Also on this date, problems during apower failure at FAA's nationalheadquarters highlighted safety issues and reinforced ongoing security concerns. Aprogram of improvements at headquarters included barriers and guard booths outsideof the building, as well as more emergency lighting and public address system speakers.Oct 3,2001: FAA issued Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) 92 grantingtemporary relief from certain regulatory requirements in order to permit passengerairlines to quickly modify flight deck doors to prevent unauthorized entry, usingboth short-term and longer-term measures. SFAR 92 also banned possession of flightdeck door keys by cabin attendants during flight. The rule was modified by SFAR 92-1,issued on October 12, which broadened the regulatory relief provisions to cover cargooperations as well as passenger flights under Part 121. Further modifications werecontained in SFAR 92-2, published on Nov 21, which allowed cabin attendants onpassenger flights to possess cockpit door keys if the flight crew used an additional lock tosecure the door from the inside. (See Jan 15,2002.)Oct 4,2001: As announced by President Bush on October 2, Washington's ReaganNational Airport opened to limited airline flights. The event marked the return toservice of all U.S. commercial airports.Oct 5,2001: Secretary of Transportation Norman Y. Mineta made public therecommendations of the two Rapid Response Teams. FAA announced that SecretaryMineta had directed the agency to take any necessary steps to support installation ofsecure mechanismson airline cockpit doors within 30 days. FAA also announced thatthe Secretary had established a $20 million grant program to develop aircraft securitytechnologies aspart of the $500 million initiative unveiled by the President on Sep 27.Media reported that Associate Administrator for Civil Aviation SecurityMichael A. Canavan would leave FAA by mutual agreement. Subsequent reportslinked Canavan's departureto a disagreement over the assignment of Federal AirMarshals to flights carrymgjCabinetrnembCTS.Ocl6,_2001 :_.Effective_atJ2i01 a.m., thejireas covered by Temporary FlightRestrictions around New York City and Washington were reduced. The specified 25nautical miles radii around Kennedy and Reagan National airports were lowered to 18nautical miles. In the same Notice to Airmen (NOTAM FDC 1/0989), FAA specifiedTemporary Flight Restrictions banning general aviation operations within a radius of15 nautical miles from the Boston's BOS VORTAC, except for Instrument Flight


8/21

Rules flights to and from Logan airport. In a separate NOTAM (FDC 1/0982), FA Apermitted "flush flights" for private aircraft trapped within the New York andWashington restricted areas on this day through October 9.Oct 7,2001: Starting at 12:30 p.m. EDT, the United States and Britain began air strikesagainst targets in Afghanistan as part of Operation Enduring Freedom. In anaddress beginning at 1:00 p.m., President Bush stated that the attacks were directedagainst the Al Qaeda terrorist network and against installations of the Taliban regime,which had not complied with U.S. demands concerning the terrorists. According tomedia reports, the Nation stepped up security measures as the air campaign began,including additional police and National Guard at airports.Also on Oct 7, FAA sent a notice to airlines of a new carry-on security measurerequired to be implemented within 72 hours of receipt. Each passenger was to be limitedto one carry-on bag and one personal item such as a purse or laptop computer. On thefollowing day, FAA issued a news release advising air travelers on this and other currentsecurity measures. Airlines with appropriate security measures inplace were nowpermitted to operate automated check-in kiosks.Oct 8,2001: A man with a history of mental problems reportedly stormed into thecockpit of an American Airlines 767 before being subdued by passengers andcrewmembers. Fighter aircraft escorted the plane to a safe landing in Chicago. This wasthe most serious of several incidents inwhich fighter jets intercepted or escortedairline flights since the recent terrorist attacks. Examples of these escort incidentsreported by the media included: on Sep 11, a Korean Airlines 757 landed at White Horse,Yukon Territory,due to a transponder code error; on Sep 19, an American Airlines flightwith radio problems returned to Chicago; on Sep 27, an Air Canada flight returned to LosAngeles due to a passenger's hostile behavior; and, on O ct 10, a Delta flight made anunscheduled landing at Shreveport, La., after a passenger gave a suspicious note to aflight attendant.Oc t 10,2001: Secretary of Transportation Mineta sent to Congress proposed legislationto strengthen safety and security in transporting hazardous materials. The proposalincluded greater enforcement authority for state, postal, and DOT officials.Oct 11,2001: The FBI warned that there might be additional terrorist attackswithin'the next several days against the United States and its overseas interests, andcalled upon law enforcement officials to be on the highest alert.Oct 12.200JLL FA A announced a three-phase program to allow private aircrafttor^mTfl^ifil^fiae? Visual Flight Rules (VFRTTn[Enhanced Class B airspace

.aEound45~majr cities,.A^require a waiver. The resumption would be effective each morning as follows: on Oct15: Houston, Kansas City, Memphis, New Orleans, and St. Louis; on Oct 16: Cleveland,Dallas-Fort Worth, Honolulu, Minneapolis, and Phoenix; and on Oct 17: Charlotte, SaltLake City, Seattle,Tampa, and the area surrounding Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington,Ky. Restrictions in the other 15 areas with Enhanced Class B airspace remained


9/21

unchanged (see Oct 21, 2001). VFR operations still not permitted in Enhanced Class Bairspace included: news reporting; traffic watch; banner towing; commercial sightseeing;airship/blimp flights; and flight training in aircraft over 6,000 Ibs.FAA announced that SecretaryMineta was directing joint teams from the agencyand from DOT's Office of the Inspector General to conduct an audit of employeebackground checks of Argenbright Security, a firm providing airport screeningservices The audits would take place at 13 airports at which FAA had recently foundbackground check violations by Argenbright. (On Oct 23, a Federal court reportedlyapproved a settlement in a case against Argenbright, under which the firm wouldcontinue on probation and take certain actions related to background checks.) FAA alsoannounced that separate teams from the agency would soon begin an audit ofbackground checks of all U.S. airport security screeners.O ct 15,2001: The developing anthrax hazard spread to the U.S. Congress when aSenate aide reportedly opened a contaminated letter. On Oct 16, FAA headquartersemployees received notice of a suspensions of mail throughout DOT pendingimplementation of a new system to protect against the anthrax threat. (See Oct 23,2001.)Oct 15,2001: As of this date, DOT had distributed nearly $2.43 billion to 111 carriers ascompensation for losses due to the September 11 attacks. The sum represented nearlyhalf of the $5 billion authorized (see Sep 22, 2001).Oct 17,2001: In a speech to the National Press Club, Administrator Garvey said that shewas ordering a criminal history check on all airline and airport employees withaccess to secure areas, broadening a procedure that had previously applied to newemployees with such access. (Without new legislation, however, lids could be appliedimmediately to only 21 major airports, since the Aviation Security Act of 2000 stipulatedthat smaller airport were no t required to implement such employee checks beforeNovember 2003.) The Administrator also said that explosives detection program must beaccelerated with the goal of screening every checked bag.Oct 18,2001: DOT announced an expansion of flight operations at Reagan NationalAirport, representing Phase n of the reopening program unveiled on Oct 2 (see thatdate). Phase n was to begin on Oct 26 and was expected to last for 45 days. It increasedthe number of airports served to/from Reagan Nationalby 18, for a total of 26. (See Dec21,2001.)Also on this date, a Federal judge in New York City sentenced four terrorists tolife imprisonment fo r conspiring with Osama bin Laden in the 1998 bombings of U.S.embassies in Kenya and Tanzania. The four had been convicted in May.Oct21,,200,14-FAAannounced restoration ofgeneral aviation-Visual flight Rulesoperations in 12 more metropolitan areasunder the same terms as for 15 areasannounced nine days previously (see O ct 12, 2001). The restoration was effective at 7:00a.m. Eastern time according to the following schedule: Oct 22: Atlanta, Las Vegas, LosAngeles, Miami, and San Francisco; O ct 23: Denver, Detroit, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,


10/21

and San Diego; Oct 24: Chicagoand Orlando. Restrictions on VFR flying remainedunchanged in the specified areas of Boston, New York, and Washington, D.C.Oct 23,2001: As the anthrax outbreak continued, authorities confirmed two fatalitiesfrom the disease among workersat the Brentwood postal facility in Washington, D.C.The victims had died on Oct 21 and Oct 22. Subsequent events included further anthraxcases and the detection of spores, particularly in postal facilities and governmentbuildings in the Washington area. On Oct 29, Administrator Garvey reported that testshad shown no anthrax contamination of the FAA national headquarters mailroom or itsemployees. Similar tests at DOT headquarters were also negative. On Oct 30, FAAresumed delivery of interoffice mail at headquarters. On that same day, however, someFAA offices at Washington Dulles airport closed for part of the day as a precaution aftera trace of anthrax was found at a U.S. Postal Service facility in the same building. Theanthrax outbreak claimed its fourth fatality on Oct 31 in New York City, and its fifth onNov 21 in Connecticut. Unlike earlier fatalities, neither of these victims were media orpostal employees. On Nov 29, FAA headquarters staff received notice that delivery ofexternal mail would resume.Oct 25, 2001; The Security Subcommitteeof FAA's Research, Engineering andDevelopment Advisory Committee(REDAC) convened to evaluate industryrecommendations on development of promising security technology. Thesubcommitteemade its initial report to the Administrator on Nov 20,2001.Oct 26,2001: FAA sent a letter to U.S. air carriers offering partial reimbursement forcertain increases in war risk insurance costs due to the September 11 attacks, asauthorized by the Air TransportationSafety and System Stabilization Act (see Sep 22,2001).Oct 29, 2001; The FBI issueda second alert against terrorism (see Oct 11,2001),warning that attacks against the United States or its overseas interests might occur duringthe next week.Also on this date, anAmerican Airlines flight made an unscheduled landing atWashington Dulles airport due to the reported discovery of a threatening note on board.Oct 30,2001: In response to the previous day's FBI alert, FAA prohibited mostgeneral aviation flying over 86 sensitive sites, most of which were nuclear powerplants. The ban applied within a radius of 10 nautical miles and below 18,000 feet, andwere planned to last throughNov 6. Exceptions included certain law enforcement andemergency jêjjtflQni^jwhe^^ _"Trfcifelic! ân area j> f dpwnjgwn jThieagni to l tii fbêr notice (see Jan 24, 2002)^ Theagency also implemented temporaryflight restrictions to protect New York's YankeeStadium during a game attended by President Bush.In a speech to a National Transportation Security Summit meeting, SecretaryMineta announced a crack-down on continuing deficiencies in airport security.Mineta stated that he had met that morning with FAA agents from around thecountry,


11/21

directing them to react to security lapses by such measures as clearing secure areas,rescreening passengers, or holding flights for luggage recheck. The Secretary alsodiscussed steps to supplement FAA's agent workforce with personnel from the Office ofthe Inspector General, and perhapsby FAA internal reassignments or new hiring.Oct 3 1 , 2001: Events on this day included two incidents reported by media. Due to asuspected biohazard, two Northwest Airlines flights from Tokyo were held at the gate inSeattle, and authorities detained two passengers from one of the aircraft. At Pittsburgh,FAA held airliners on the ground while military jets investigated the sighting of a single-engine plane over a nuclear plant in the area.Oct 2001 : Bureau of Transportation Statistics indicators for this month reflected theeconomic impact of the terrorist attacks on an air travel industry already feeling theeffects of recession. As compared to October of the previous year, for example, revenuepassenger enplanements were down 21 percent for domestic service by large U.S.airlines. Revenue passenger enplanements for international flights by U.S. carriers weredown 32 percent.Nov 1, 2001: In one example ofmultiple actions such as Secretary Mineta had called foron Oct 30, FAA agents closed an American Airlines security checkpoint at New YorkKennedy because of a failure to follow proper procedures. After the concourse wasemptied and checked, all passengers and employees were rescreened. Also on Nov 1,another airliner wasdiverted due to a threatening note discovered on board, accordingto media. Fighter jets escorted the Northwest Airlines flight to a landing at Detroit.In Washington, Secretary Mineta presented DOT's 2001 Gold Medal Award forOutstanding Achievement to FAA's air traffic controllers for their performanceduring September 1 1emergency.

The House ofRepresentatives passed an aviation security bill that differedsignificantly from a version passed unanimously by the Senate on Oct 1 1 . Reflecting theRepublicans' preferred approach, the House measure provided that airport screenersmight remain employees of private firms, although they would be placed under Federalsupervision. Under the Senate's bill, the screeners would become Federal personnel.(See Nov 19, 2001.)Nov 2, 2001: Effective at 5: p.m. EST, FA A revised the temporary flight restrictionsissued on O ct 30 to cover a total of 95 nuclear sites, a change made by deleting four sitesand adding 13. The agency allowed general aviation aircraft located at 15 airports withinthe restricted areas to depart during the day between 1 1:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. The

^ ______

Nov 3, 2001: According to media, a Nepalese man breached a security checkpoint atChicago O'Hare airport as he attempted to board a United Airlines flight. ArgenbrightSecurity personnel at the checkpoint detected two of the man's knives, which were


12/21

confiscated; however, they failed to detect other knives and additional prohibited itemsfound during a later search at the gate.Nov 5,2001: Secretary Mineta stated that airport security was still inadequate,despite the crack-down announcedon Oct 30. He cited the incident at Chicago on Nov 3(see that date) and a lapse in airport screening at Louisville, Ky., on Nov 4. Mineta saidthat he intended to hold the airlines and their screening contractors accountable forsecurity until forthcoming legislation reassigned responsibility to the Federalgovernment. To underline this, he planned to hold a meeting of the airlines' topexecutives during the following week.Also on this date, FAAannounced mat it would hire temporary personnel tobegin assisting security inspectors within the next few weeks. More than 200individuals were recruited.Nov 8,2001: FAA issued temporary flight restrictions at Cape Canaveral thatenlarged the permanent restricted area around the NASA and USAF facilities there.Nov 9,2001: President Bush announced a temporary increase inNational Guardtroops protecting air travel during the holiday season. (States were authorized andfunded to deploy a 25 percent increase above current personnel levels for a 60 day periodto begin about Nov 15.) Th e President also mentioned that FAA was deploying a coreteam of security professionals to improve security oversight at airports, and that DOT'sOffice of the Inspector General would conduct undercover audits of airport securitynationwide. In addition, he noted that major airlines had now fortified 100 percent oftheir cockpit doors.Nov 10-11,2001: FAAreportedly issued temporary flight restrictions to protect aUnited Nations General Assembly meeting in New York City on these dates.Nov 12,2001: According to media, Federal Air Marshals aboard a USAirways jetordered the flight diverted to Washington Dulles after handcuffing a man who waswalking toward the cockpit. Th e man's action reportedly violated the requirement thatpassengers remain seated during the last half hour of an approach to Reagan Nationalairport.Nov 13,2001: America West became the first airline to apply for a Federallyguaranteed loan under the program established by Congress in the wake of theSeptember 11 attacks (see Sep 22,2001). The Air Transportation Stabilization Boardte3jtajiyj^_^ M^butjttached"cc - * - - - * * -applied for loans under the program; however, none of them had received approval as ofAp r 12,2002.Nov 16,2001: A man penetrated a secure area at Atlanta Hartsfield airport, evadingguards by running down an up-bound escalator. The incident resulted in evacuation of


13/21

all concourses and widespread interruptions of flight operations. FA A imposed a fine of$3,300 on the perpetrator, who, in addition, later received criminal penalties including ajail term.Nov 19, 2001: President Bush signed the Aviation and Transportation Security Act(P.L. 107-71). The act created a new DOT organization, the Transportation SecurityAdministration (TSA), to assume responsibility for the security of all modes oftransportation. TSA was to be headed by an Under Secretary of Transportation forSecurity, who would serve for a fixed five-year term.TSA was to assume the aviation portion of its security responsibilities within 90days of the law's enactment, replacing FAA as the Federal agency with primaryresponsibility in that field. Within one year, airport security screening was to beperformed by TSAemployees, who must be U.S. citizens. TSA would then implement apilot program under which screening at five airports would be performed by private firmsunder TS A contracts. Two years after TS A certified that all Federal screeners were inplace, airports wouldbe granted th e option to request such contract screening. The actrequired use of the Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS) for allpassengers and included provisions on the effective use of the system.To help pay for the screening personnel and certain other expenses, airlinepassengers were to pay a security service fee of $2.50 for each time they boarded, with amaximum of $5 for any one-way trip. The fee was to begin within 60 days, or as soonpossible thereafter. Shortfalls in revenue from th e fees were to covered by the airlines.The legislation authorized the $500 million fund, announced earlier by the President, toassist airlines in making security upgrades. It also contained provisions on airport use offunds from the Airport Improvement Program and from Passenger Facility Charges.The act created a Transportation Security Oversight Board, chaired by theSecretary of Transportation and including: the heads of the Departments of Justice,Treasury, and Defense; the CIA Director; and representatives of the National SecurityCouncil and the Homeland Security office. The Board's functions of oversight andcoordination included th e authority to ratify or disapprove TSA regulations anddirectives.Th e act required a wide range of security-related actions, many with specificdeadlines. By the end of 2002, for example, TSA was to deploy sufficient ExplosiveDetection Systems (EDS) to permit all air carrier airports to screen all checked baggagewith this equipment. Within 60 days, meanwhile, TSA w as to implement screening of allchecked baggage at these airports using available EDS or alternative means such as bagmatching, manual search, or inspection by canine units.The legislation authorized TSA to deploy Federal Air Marshals on all passengerflights, and required them aboard flights presenting high security risks. TSA was^g. fe53f g==a~

ining The art alsn provided f n q - the shirty and pnggihleauthorization by DOT of non-lethal weapons for flight deck crew.Provisions of the act directed to FAA included: certain required actionsconcerning flight deck security; rapid development of guidance and training to prepareflight crews for threat situations; and establishment of pilot programs at no fewer than 20airports to test emerging security technologies. The act required U.S. and foreign


14/21

airlines, within 60 days, to provide to the Commissioner of Customs passengers and crewmanifests for flights bound for the United States. Among other features of the legislationwere provisions included measures to heighten the security of flight schools and airportperimeters, and to increase penalties for interference with aviation security personnel.Nov 23,2001: On the Saturday following Thanksgiving, examples of security-relatedair travel problems reportedly included a temporary stop on departures from Seattle-Tacoma airport, caused by the discovery that a metal detector had been unplugged duringscreening. Ripple effects included closure of Oakland and Reno terminals whilepassengers arriving from Sea-Tac were rescreened. Other security problems caused flightdelays at Memphis, Tenn., and Santa Ana, Calf.Nov 26,2001: Administrator Garvey announced that she had recently formed a newoffice of emergency operations and communications as a result of the September 11events.Nov 27,2001: Secretary Mineta reportedly stated that the government was notlikely to meet the deadline fo r screening all checked baggage within 60 days, asmandated in the recent airport security bill. Mineta cited insufficient personnel,equipment, and bomb-detecting dogs. The next day, however, media carried a DOTstatement that the deadline would be met.Dec 3,2001: Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge issued a general security alert,stating that the action was based on intelligence that did not identify a specific threat.The FBI had issued two similar alerts on Oct 11 and Oct 29, 2001.Dec 6, 2001: FA A published a rule strengthening criminal history checkrequirements fo r employees at airports who: were screeners; supervised screeners;possessed unescorted access to secure areas; or had authority to grant such access. Itrequired a finger-print-basedcriminal history check, if such a check had not beenperformed in the past. The fingerprinting requirement applied to new applicantsimmediately and to current employees within one year. On the same day, FAAannounced that the American Association of Airport Executives would serve as aclearinghouse for these record checks.Dec 7,2001: Media reported that FAA had unveiled temporary flight restrictions(TFRs) to protect the Winter Olympics during 19 days beginning on Feb 6,2001.Included were an"Olympic Ring" TFR area from the surface to 18,000 feet msl within a45 mites r a j d j i u s of Salt Lake City airport^ and nine smaller TFRs. Before entering theI;01ppc.jafJaur^a^Boise, Idaho. These requirements were published on Jan 18,2002, as Special FederalAviation Regulation 95.Also on this date, an FAA official testified to Congress that more than 2000Explosive Detection Systems (EDS) would be needed to meet the mandated goal ofscreening all checked baggage with this equipment. Fewer than 200 EDS were currently


15/21

deployed. The official noted tha t FAA was also purchasing Explosives Trace Detection(ETD) equipment and had installed more tha n 850 of the devices at airports.Dec 10,2001: President Bush a nnounced his intention to nomina te John M agaw to beUnder Secretary of Transportation for Security. A former director of the SecretService and of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, Magaw was currentlyActing Executive Director of the Office of Na tional Preparedness hi the FederalEmergency Ma nagement Agency. Ma gaw received a recess appointment on January 7,2002.Dec 11,2001: The Justice Department indicted Zacarias Moussaoui on charges ofconspiracy in the September 11 attacks. The first individual to be charged directly inconnection with the attacks, M oussaoui was a French citizen of Moroccan descent. Hehad been in custody since August 16, when he was arrested on charges of immigrationviolation. The arrest was reportedly triggered by his suspicious beha vior as a student a t aMinnesota flight school.Dec 13,2001: Media reported tha t 50 Salt Lake City airport employees had beenarrested on charges of giving fa lse informa tion to obtain security access badges. Thearrests were said to be part of a coordinated security effort in preparation for the WhiterOlympics.Reported incidents at Boston Logan airport marked Argenbright Security's lastday of duty at the facility. Areas of the airport were evacuated and passengers rescreenedafter FAA identified improperly trained screeners. Later in the da y, more passengerswere rescreened after an individual objected to screening and fled.Dec 19,2001: FAA lifted the broad restrictions on gen eral aviation Visual FlightRules flying in 27 major metropolitan areas imposed after September 11 on airspacedesignated as Enhanced Class B. The agency also reduced flight restrictions in theBoston, New York, and Washington areas. For the latter city, special restrictions ongeneral aviation were now limited to a radius of 15 statute miles a round the WashingtonMonument, with ac commodations for three of the area's small airports. Among theprohibitions not affected by the changes were: Temporary Flight Restrictions fordowntown Chicago, for other specific locations, and for major sporting events; certainrestrictions on bo th foreign and U.S.-registered general aviation aircraft; and the weightlimit on aircraft that might be used for flight training under Visual Flight Rules.Also on this day, the Transportation Security A dministration issued eligibilityrequirements for airport screeners hired by security com panies after TSA assumedtoejrjntrajtsi duruig.ê teaiurjdojijo.anâll-fêral^ screjOTer_workforce._&i addition,

Dec 21,2001: DO T announced the schedule for Phase III of the restoration of flightsat W ashington's Reagan National Airport (see O ct 18,2001). Phase T T T would becarried out in three stages, to begin on Janua ry 2, February 1, and March 1, 2002.Service to additional 43 cities w ould be restored during Phase III, returning service all


16/21

airports that had non-stop flights to Reagan National prior to its closure. At thecompletion of Phase HI, daily operations the airport were expected to number about 620flights, representing 77 percent of the level before the September 11 attacks. (See Mar13,2002.)Also on this day, FAApublished a rulemaking proposal on procedures forreimbursement of certain mandated security costs incurred by airports, on-airportparking lots, and vendors of on-airfield services.Dec 22,2001: Aboard an American Airlines flight from Paris to Miami, a passengerallegedly tried to ignite explosives hidden in his shoes, but was subdued by passengersand flight attendants. The suspect was Richard C. Reid, a British national who was saidto be a convert to Islamic extremism. Reportedly, FAA had earlier issued an alertconcerning the need for airport screeners to check passengers' shoes, and issued moreprecise instructions after the Reid incident. In indicting Reid for attempted murder andother charges on Jan 16,2002, the Justice Department alleged that he had received AlQaeda training inAfghanistan.

Inauguration on this date of a new interim government in Afghanistan toreplace the Taliban regime reflected the achievement of an important U.S. objective inAfghanistan, although not the end of U.S. military involvement in that country.Dec 28,2001: In issuing amended procedures for compensating airlines for losses dueto the September 11 attack, DOT noted that it had so far received applications from over300 air carriers. The Department had made payments to 131 of these carriers, totalingmore than $3.8 billion of the $5 billion authorized.Dec 31,2001: DOT announced that the new Transportation Security Administrationhad met the first requirements under the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (seeNov 19,2001). These included: issuing qualification standards for Federal airportsecurity screeners; publishing procedures for airports to seek part of the funds authorizedfor security improvements; reporting to Congress on airspace security measures forgeneral aviation; and lifting, through FAA, most restrictions on visual flight rules flyingin major metropolitan areas imposed after the September 11 attacks (see Dec 19, 2001).As of this date, 30 evacuations at U.S. airport terminals had occurred sinceOctober 30 at the direction of FAA civil aviation security special agents, and 434 flightshad been deplaned due to agents' observations of improper screening. (See Feb 16,2002.) Also on this day, FAA published a request for public comments on certainissues relating to arming flight crews and to the provision of emergency services on

on Feb 14,_2002,_FAA had_-Jan 5,2002: A 15-year-old student pilot died as he deliberately crashed a Cessna172R into a high-rise building in Tampa,Fla. No one else was injured. After taking offwithout permission from a flight school, Charles Bishop flew over McDill Air Force Baseand ignored signals from an intercepting Coast Guard helicopter before colliding with thebuilding. Bishop reportedly left a suicide note in which he expressed sympathy for the


17/21

September 1 1attackers, but made clear that he was acting alone. On Jan 9, FAA issued anotice containing suggested security enhancements for flight schools and fixed baseoperators.Jan 8, 2002: DOT announced it had begun to recruit Transportation SecurityAdministration security directors for the nation's top 429 airports, beginning with thelargest 81 facilities.Jan 10, 2002: A defense appropriation act (P.L. 107-117) signed into law on this dateprovided additional funds for civil aviation security through the Airport and AirwayTrust Fund, including added funds to partly reimburse airports for the cost of securityrequirements imposed after the September 2001 attacks. On Mar 18, DOT announcedthat FA A would dispense $175 million to 317 airports.Jan 15, 2002: FA A published in the Federal Register a Special Federal AviationRegulation (SFAR) 92-3 on cockpit doors, superceding previous SFARs on this topic(see Oct 3, 2001). The new SFAR required operators to install temporary lockingdevices on their cockpit doors within 45 days, if they had not already done so as part ofthe already completed short-term fixes (see Mar 19, 2002). The same issue of the FederalRegister carried an FAA final rule setting longer-term standards for reinforcedcockpit doors, to be met by April 9, 2003.Jan 16, 2002: DOT announced a senior advisor program for the TransportationSecurity Administration, under which private sector executives would help establish thenew agency. Secretary Mineta also stated on this date that Baltimore Washingtonairport would be used to test TSA procedures, train TS A senior managers, and studyairport security.

Also on this date, a U.S. court sentenced Moktar Haouari, an Algerian, to 24years in prison for conspiracy to support terrorist activities. On July 13, 2001,Haouari had been convicted of providing certain assistance to convicted terrorist AhmedRessam. Arrested after he tried to bring explosives into the United States from Canada inDecember 1999, Ressam had not revealed his intended target during his own trial. AtHaouari s trial in July 2001, however, Ressam admitted that he had planned to plant abomb at Los Angeles airport.Jan 17, 2002: Telair International became the first company to both to pass FA A securityrequirements for a blast resistant luggage container, also know as a hardened unit loaddevice (HULD), and to obtain Technical Standard Order (TSO) approval for such acojijainer.^ __screening of all checked baggage at US. airports began, using a variety of approvedmethods (see Nov 19, 2001). No major problems were reported. Also on this day, FAAfulfilled a requirement in the same legislation by issuing detailed new guidance fortraining aircrew members to deal with threats such as hijacking, reflecting a revisedstrategy that involved active resistance by the crew (see Mar 19, 2002). The


18/21

Transportation Security Administrationmet a similar mandate on time by issuing plansfor training of security screeners.Jan 23, 2002: The Secretary of the Army reportedly stated that, in the next 60 to 90 days,the National Guard would begin removing the approximately 6,000 troops assignedto assist airport security. Also on this day, the Nuclear Regulatory Commissionreportedly issued an advisory warning U.S. nuclear power plants that terrorists mightattempt to crash an aircraft into one of the facilities.Jan 24,2002: At thebehest of city authorities, FAA established anexpandedTemporary Flight Restrictions area for downtown Chicago. (Originally set to last 60days, this restricted area was subsequently extended through Apr 8, 2002.) Othertemporary flight restrictions issued in early 2002 included expanded restrictions forWashington during the evening of the State of the Union address on Jan 29, andrestrictions on Feb 1-4 to protect Super Bowl activities at New Orleans.Jan 30, 2002: Authorities ordered an evacuation at San Francisco airport after personnelat an Argenbright Security checkpoint failed to detain a manwhose shoes testedpositive for explosives.Feb 1,2002: The Transportation Security Administration announced a study of securityprocedures at 15 selected airports, to be conducted during the next six weeks.Feb 4,2002: DOT unveiled a fiscal 2003 budget request that reflected funding forupgraded security, including $4.8 billion for the first full year of the TransportationSecurity Administration. Also on this date, examples of bomb threat incidentsreportedly caused a Delta Airlines flight to return to Denver and a Northwest Airlinesflight to return to Cancun, Mexico.Feb 6,2002: DOT stated that Argenbright Security would not be receiving newcontracts for security screening when the Transportation Security Administrationassumed from the airlines the responsibility for such contracts later hi the month.Feb 7,2002: According to media reports, a Uruguayan passenger aboard a UnitedAirlines 777 kicked in part of the cockpit door, which had been reinforced with a barin response to an FAA directive. When the passenger tried to crawl into the cockpit, thecopilot struck him on the head with a fire axe. Other passengers and crew subdued theindividual, and the flight from Miami to Buenos Aires was completed safely.

fiterroristattackj^as-early-asthe,ibllowing .day,inJheUnited.States or,agains.tU,S interestsin Yemen. The Bureau identified 17 men, mostly Yemenis, as suspects. U.S. authoritieshad previously issued three other broad security alerts on Oct 11, Oct 29, and Dec 3,2001.


19/21

Feb 13,2002: FAA announced a rule to enable private flying to resume at threesuburban M aryland airports that had been largely shut down since the September 11attacks: the College Park, Potomac, and Executive/Hyde airports. Although flightrestrictions for the Washington area had been reduced on Dec 19,2001, the threefacilities had not been able to reopen b ecause they were in the still-restricted area withina radius of 15 miles from the Washington Monument. Under the new rule, flying couldresume at the three airports when special security procedures were hi place for pilots andfacility managers. College Park and Potomac began flights on Feb 23, Executive/Hydeon March 2, 2002.Feb 16,2002: From October 30 through this date, FAA civil aviation security specialagents initiated 40 evacuations at U.S. airport terminals, and directed the deplaning of636 flights due to agents' observations of improper screening. In addition, the aviationindustry initiated 73 evacuations and 47 deplanings during this same period. (See Apr 6,2002.)Feb 17,2002: Under the terms of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, TSAassumed responsibilities for civil aviation security form erly assigned to FAA underChapter 449 of Title 49, United States Code. FAA personnel responsible for thesefunctions were transferred to TSA. In addition, TSA assumed management ofairport security screening contracts, formerly the responsibility of the airlines.Security at airports was now overseen by Interim Federal Security Representatives, whowere scheduled for replacement by Federal Security Directors. (See Mar 13, 2002.)Feb 19-20,2002: Representatives of 154 states and 24 organizations attended anInternational Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ministerial conference on aviationsecurity. The group issued a declaration tha t called for steps to strengthen security,including regular, mandatory, and systematic security audits through ICAO. To supportthe audit program, the United States pledged $1 million in addition to its ongoing ICAOcontributions.Feb 25,2002: USA Today reported charges against FAA by a "whistleblower" whostated that the agency had for years covered up airport security lapses revealed by its own"red team" inspections. The allegations were attributed to Bogdan Dzakovic, a former"red team" member and current TSA employee. On the following day, the U.S. Office ofSpecial Counsel reportedly stated that it had ordered DOT to investigate Hie charges.Feb 28, 2002: Fighter jets escorted an Air India flight from London to a landing atMiy^oi:kJKejmedy^^Bojrt uejto a report of a suspicious passenger aboard.AlirMOTti^ .-was^lughly,publicized example of the continuing military intercepts of ciyU fjigbts^dueto security concerns.Mar 2,2002: According to media, government officials stated that airport security hadselected 9 of the 19 hijackers for special attention befo re they boarded on September 11,2001.


20/21

M ar 4,2002: DOT and TS A announced a contract with NCS Pearson, Inc., forrecruitment of 30,000 Federal security personnel, including testing and managementof selection processing.M ar 12,2002: Hom eland Security Director R idge announced the creation of aHomeland Security Advisory System including five color-coded levels of risk ofterrorist attack. The Attorney General would be responsible for developing the finalsystem, a nd for implementing it following a public comment period and approval by thePresident.Mar 13, 2002: Secretary Mineta swore in the first group of Federal Security Directorsto oversee security at airports. He also announced that Washington's Reagan Nationalairport would be authorized to return to its pre-September 11 capacity by April 15(see that date).In addition, Secretary M ineta announced a 60-day extension of DOT's specialwar risk insurance program for the aviation industry. In the wake of the September 11attacks, legislation had broadened FA A's authority to issue war risk insurance to closethe gap between the industry's needs and the coverage available from private insurers onreasonable terms. The initial policies issued under the new authority were effectivethrough October 31; however, coverage had subsequently been extended through Jan 11,then Mar20, and - with this latest action - through May19,2002.M ar 19,2002: All U.S. certificated air carriers m et the deadline for submitting to FAAnew training programs for crew mem bers in dealing with h ijacking. Legislation hadmandated this be done within 60 days after FAA issued guidelines for the training (seeJan 18, 2002). By Apr 17, all the airlines had either obtained FA A approval for theirprograms or received them back for revision.Also on this da te, FAA published Special Federal A viation Regulation 92-4clarifying certain provisions concerning cockpit doors contained in SFAR 92-3, whichit superseded (see Jan 15, 2002).M ar 21,2002: The International Civil Aviation Organization (1CAO) announcedstrengthened international inflight security standards. The new standards includedreinforced cockpit doors on international flights of more than 60passengers, effectiveNov 1,2003.M ar 25,2002: USA Today reported criticism of airport screening by the DOT Office

19 memo by the OIG stating that^after4he-.Sjep^emberJA-attacks-~ -

Mar 25,2002; The first 300 TSA screener-trainer candidates took the oath of officebefore staring their training.


21/21

Apr 1, 2002: A Frontier Airlines crew attracted media attention when their 737 strayedinto restricted airspace near the White House after takeoff from Reagan Nationalairport.Apr 2, 2002: Media reported that JetBlue had begu n installing video cameras in thepassenger cabins of its aircraft. The airline was the first to begin regular use of thissystem, which FAA had approved for installation but had not required.Apr 4,2002: The New York Times reported that two companies had announced ordersfrom TSA for hundreds of explosives detection systems for screening luggage. Thefirmswere L-3 Communications Corporation and InVision technologies.Apr 6, 2002: Figures on security actions from February 17 through this date indicatedthat TSA had initiated 31 evacuations at U.S. airports, and also the deplaning of 179flights for passenger rescreening. During the same period, the aviation industry initiatedan additional 36 evacuations and 39 deplanings. (See Feb 16,2002.)Apr 15 02: DOT com pleted its phase-out of broad restrictions on airline service atWashington's Reagan N ational airport that had been imposed after the September 11attacks. The airport still remained under certain security-related rales that included a banon general aviation flights and on aircraft seating more than 156 passengers, as well asflight path restrictions and a curfew. On April 24, however, DOT announced that theserestrictions would end on April 27 insofar as they affected commercial aviation.

t8 b19 hq faa 2 of 3 fdr- faa historian chronology- 9-11-01 to 4-15-02

Documents