t209 tma1 yaseen
DESCRIPTION
TMA1 of T209 Arab Open UniversityTRANSCRIPT
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Arab Open University Semester/Year: Fall 2008-2009
Branch: Dammam Course Code:
Faculty of Computer Studies TMA No : 01
Student to Complete:
Name Yaseen Alhashim Tutor’s Name Mr. Raed Alshaikh
ID Section 60812001
Total grade
Tutor to Complete:
Date from Student
Date to Student
Questions & Comments Marks
Max Awarded
Question 1:
Part 1: ١٥
Comments 1:
Part 2: ١٠
Comments 2:
Part 3: ٥
Comments 3:
Total ٣٠
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Questions & Comments Marks
Max Awarded
Question 2:
Part 1: ٥
Comments 1:
Part 2: ٥
Comments 2:
Total ١٠
Questions & Comments Marks
Max Awarded
Question ٣:
Part 1: ٢
Comments 1:
Part 2: 1.5
Comments 2:
Part 3: 1.5
Comments 3:
Total 5
Questions & Comments Marks
Max Awarded
Question 4:
Part 1: ٢
Comments 1:
Part 2: 2
Comments 2:
Part 3: 1
Comments 3:
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Total 5
Questions & Comments Marks
Max Awarded
Question 5:
Part 1: 7
Comments 1:
Part 2: 15
Comments 2:
Part 3: 8
Comments 3:
Total 30
Questions & Comments Marks
Max Awarded
Question 6:
Part 1: 11
Comments 1:
Part 2: 9
Comments 2:
Total 20
Overall Comments:
Strengths
Weaknesses
Needed Actions
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Note to the Student:
Please take the necessary remedial actions recommended by your Tutor and resubmit.
Answer to Question No. 1
Introduction
Our project is to extent the wired network at Science Museum with wireless network in
order to offer new services for its visitors and instead of having a guide for each group
visiting the museum.
Overview of technology
It is useful to go with quick overview about network terms and technologies, before we
go with details. We will explain below network, technology terms;
• Network
• Wireless Communications, WLAN
• the type of Wi-Fi
• Bluetooth
• PDA
• Cellular Wireless 2G, 3G and 4G
Network
“Network (computer science), a system used to link two or more computers. Network
users are able to share files, printers, and other resources; send electronic messages;
and run programs on other computers.
A network has three layers of components: application software, network software, and
network hardware.” (1)
Wireless Communications
Wireless Communications is “various telecommunications systems that use radio
waves to carry signals and messages across distances. Wireless communications
systems include cellular telephones, pagers, radio telegraphs, satellite telephones,
laptop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), shortwave radios, and two-way
radios. They are used primarily to transmit private communications.” (2) Moreover,
“WLAN is abbreviation of Wireless Local Area Network. (3)
Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) Types
“Wi-Fi, an abbreviation for Wireless Fidelity, is a wireless communication technology
that can provide connections between portable computers and wired connections to the
Internet.” (4)
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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• 802.11a: This uses OFDM, operates in the 5 GHz range, and has a maximum
data rate of 54 Mbps.
• 802.11b: Operates in the 2.4 GHz range, has a maximum data rate of 11 Mbps
and uses DSSS. 802.11b is the original Wi-Fi standard
• 802.11g: Operates in the 2.4 GHz range, uses OFDM and has a maximum data
rate of 54 Mbps. This is backwards compatible with 802.11b. (5)
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is an industrial specification for wireless personal area networks (PANs), also
known as IEEE 802.15.1. Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange
information between devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs), mobile phones,
laptops, PCs, printers, digital cameras, etc. (6)
• Bluetooth wireless technology: “is a wireless communication link, operating
in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHz using a frequency hopping transceiver. It
allows real-time AV and data communications between Bluetooth enabled
hosts. The link protocol is based on time slots”. (7)
• Bluetooth Enabled Device: “is a device that is capable of short-range wireless
communications using the Bluetooth system”. (8)
Figure 1: Wireless Technologies (9)
PDA
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), hand-held computer that helps with such tasks as
taking notes, scheduling appointments, and sending faxes and electronic mail. PDAs
are also called Personal Communicators and Personal Intelligent Communicators. (10)
Cellular wireless
• 2.5G
The move from GSM, which is a second-generation (2G) mobile telephone system, to
the third-generation (3G) mobile telephone system is being anticipated by some
enhancements to the second-generation system. These enhancements are sometimes
known as 2.5G, which indicates their intermediate status. (11)
• 3G
The goal of third generation (3G) mobile communication systems is the delivery of
multimedia services to the user in the mobile domain. (12)
• 4G
The 4G technology which is at its infancy is supposed to allow data transfer up to
100Mbps outdoor and 1Gbps indoor. NTT Docomo is planning to launch 4G services in
Japan around 2010-2015. (13)
Comparison of Cellular wireless (14)
2.5G 3G 4G
Speech and limited data capabilities (SMS etc)
Speech and extensive data capabilities (MMS, graphical browsing, video etc)
Allow data transfer up to 100Mbps outdoor and 1Gbps indoor. Will able to support Interactive services like Video Conferencing
TDMA CDMA CDMA
GPRS
Wireless system providing Internet access: a system that provides immediate and
continuous access to the Internet from wireless devices such as cell phones. (15)
Intranet
Computer network within organization; a network of computers, especially one using
World Wide Web conventions, accessible only to authorized users such as those within
a company. (16)
With intranet, all employees within same organization might share information, news,
innovation, new projects, etc. with each other and they will view it via web browser (i.e.:
Internet Explorer, Firefox).
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Advantages and disadvantages of WLAN and Bluetooth
Next table shows some of advantages and disadvantages of Wireless LAN and
Bluetooth based on (Mobility, connectivity, cost and security).
Technology Advantages Disadvantages
Wireless Local Area Network
(WLAN)
� Mobility: visitors can access the network without cables or wires in place of wireless range.
� Security: required high securities to prevent unauthorized people access/hack the connection.
� Connectivity: Visitors whoever have wireless technology on his/her device can access the network anytime.
� Connectivity: If there is problem with wireless connection (AP, wireless router, wireless switch, etc.) visitors will not able to access network.
� Cost: Wireless network is inexpensive.
� Power: Wireless Access Point, router, switches, etc. required power to keep it running all the time.
Bluetooth
� Mobility: visitors can access the network without cables or wires in place of Bluetooth range.
� Security: required high securities to prevent unauthorized people access/hack the connection.
� Connectivity: Visitors whoever have Bluetooth technology on his/her device can access the network anytime.
� Connectivity: If there is problem with Bluetooth Access Point visitor will not able to access network trough Bluetooth Access Point.
� Cost: Bluetooth technology is inexpensive.
� Power: Bluetooth Access Point required power to keep it running all the time.
Explanation
Our goal is to establish Wireless LAN at Science museum of ITU. As given on the
question, wired infrastructure network (Ethernet LAN) was built in the ITU. So, we will
have to connect each wireless device (APs, Switches, Bluetooth APs, Bridges, Router
and Gateways) to the Ethernet LAN. We can imagine the design of Ethernet LAN of
museum which contents (Application Server/ web server, main switch, ADSL modem
and computers).
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Details explanation
• Wireless Access Point: Wireless Access Point (802.11b/g) and Bluetooth
Access Point will be installed in visitor’s room and each other room. Each
Access Point will be connected into network switch located in its room, and each
network switch - (each room) - will be connected into bridge. And bridge is
connected into main network switch located in ITU Network.
• Bridge: bridge device will be installed between museums rooms and will be
connected with main network switch.
• ADSL modem/router: will be installed in ITU Network and it should be
connected to the main network switch. It has fast connection speed to the
internet “broadband”.
• Visitors’: any visitor has (his/her) own device (laptop computer, PDA, Mobile
phone) and (he/she) has (wireless or Bluetooth) technology on a device,
(he/she) will able to discover the museum’s Wireless Access Points and
Bluetooth Access Point. And then able to connect to local Area network of ITU
Network and browse Intranet, and then browse the museum web-based
application and collecting information about the science museum after verifying
visitor authentication. See figure 2.
Figure 2, Wireless Local Area Network
with above design of network infrastructure, visitor will be able to
browse web-based application of sociality museum and get all
information including video and audio media files by using their laptops, PDA, mobile
phone that has wireless technology or Bluetooth technology. Moreover, visitors can
Finally,
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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access the web-based application via internet anytime anywhere through web address
(www.iut.com).
• Total number of words: 1,197 words
References & Bibliography of Question No.1
References:
(1) MSN Encarta,
<http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761567995/Network_(computer_science).html>
(2) MSN Encarta, <http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761595501/Wireless_Communications.html>
(3) MSN Encarta, <http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_701711723/WLAN.html>
(4) MSN Encarta,
<http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761595501_2/Wireless_Communications.html#p21>
(5) The Official Bluetooth® Technology Info Site,
<http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Technology/Works/Compare/#1>
(6) T209 Online Book, <http://www.t209.com/article.php?art_id=16>
(7) Bluetooth Technology, < http://www.bluetomorrow.com/content/view/24/313/>
(8) Previous reference.
(9) Diane Teare, 2008, Introduction to Wireless Technology, Authorized Self-Study Guide (Designing for
Cisco Internetwork Solutions) DESGN, Second Edition, Cisco Press, 800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, IN
46240 USA. Download link
(10) MSN Encarta, <http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761582853/Personal_Digital_Assistant.html>
(11) T209 Online Book, <http://www.t209.com/cd/modules/module1/bookT/text/section26.html>
(12) T209 Online Book, <http://www.t209.com/cd/modules/module1/bookT/text/section28.html>
(13) 3G and 4G Wireless Resources, Tutorials and FAQs, <http://www.3g4g.co.uk/4G/faq.htm>
(14) T209LECTURE-7.ppt, T209 Online Book and previous reference.
(15) MSN Encarta, <http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_701706337_701706337/prevpage.html>
(16) MSN Encarta, <http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861622099/intranet.html>
Bibliography
1. Vijay Garg, 2007, Wireless Communications & Networking, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers is an
imprint of Elsevier, 500 Sansome Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA 94111. Download link
2. Enterprise WLAN Infrastructure, At-a-Glance. Download link
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Answer to Question No. 2
Introduction
We assume that the student (he/she) is able to use most of communication
technologies to browse internet, such (Ethernet LAN or Wireless LAN). Moreover, the
student is setting at home. He might use (Desktop PC, PDA or Laptop computer) to
browse internet. Desktop PC is connected with wire Ethernet LAN and PDA (Personal
Digital Assistance) with GPRS and wireless and Laptop computer with wire Ethernet
LAN or Wireless (WLAN). The student is using broadband connection (ADSL) and
ADSL modem with Wireless feature to browse internet. He has registered with ISP
“Higher-speed” with internet speed 2 Mbps.
List of Devices & Services
Student Course Advisor
Devices
• Linksys ADSL modem (4 ports) with • Linksys ADSL modem (4 ports) with
• ADSL/Telephone line Filter • Desktop PC
• Telephone set
• Desktop PC
• PDA with Wireless + GPRS
• Laptop Computer
Services
• Broadband Internet connection • Broadband Internet connection
• Wireless Connectivity • Wireless Connectivity
• GPRS • E-mail
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Diagram
Explanation
Student
We assumed that the student is setting at home and he decided to call the ISP “Higher-
speed” to activate his Internet Account (broadband Internet Services with 2 Mbps
speed) as he hold his account before he traveled to capital city of Saudi Arabia.
The student has his own PDA (HTC Touch Crouse) with Windows Mobile 6 and GPRS
service and wireless are enabled. Moreover, He has his own desktop PC and Laptop
computer. He decided to browse internet via Laptop computer. The student is using
DELL Laptop with Windows Vista Ultimate edition and Internet Explorer 8 for browsing
Internet.
The student opened the Internet Browser and accessed the web address of ‘course
planner application form’. And he started filling the required information about himself
and about the course (Conant information; first name, last name, student ID, valid e-
mail address. And course code, etc.) And he made proper selection for course
requirements. Then he click (submit) bush-button which is resides at the end of the
form page. Therewith, confirmation page was opened to verify entered information. The
student verified the information and then he clicked (Verified button). And then,
message appeared on popup window saying the submission has been done
successfully. Finally, Internet Explorer prompts to close the window and the student did.
Course Advisor
The form has been forwarded to the course advisor ‘Mr. John Glenn’ as e-mail. The
course advisor was browsing his e-mail via Microsoft Office Outlook 2007 and MS
Outlook notified him about new incoming e-mail message.
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Mr. John opened the new e-mail message –our student form - and he read it carefully
and then he determines with necessary actions.
Finally, he reply/forwarded the e-mail to the student e-mail address.
• Protocols were used in this communications: TCP/IP, HTTP, HTTPs, SMTP, HTML Form or JavaScript Form
Total number of Explanation words: 300 words
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Answer to Question No. 3
Given (1):
“Indicates your successes and problems in the use of search engine(s) to find relevant information, and how you overcame the problems. (provide examples)”
Success:
As I have good experience with internet search engines and as I am following up with
technologies news, I did not face big problem with searching. Some of IT website I am
following up in daily/weekly such as (www.infoworld.com, www.computerweekly.com
news.cnet.com, etc.) Moreover, I have used googl.com and altavista.com and search
about wireless and Bluetooth technologies.
• EXAMPLE (1):
Search Engine: www.google.com
Keywords: Encarta Wireless Communications
Results:
• Wireless Communications - MSN Encarta
http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761595501/wireless_communications.html
• How Wireless Communications Work - Picture - MSN Encarta
http://encarta.msn.com/media_701509001/how_wireless_communications_work.html
• EXAMPLE (2)
Search Engine: www.altavista.com
Keywords: Bluetooth Compare
Results
• Bluetooth.com | Compare with Other Technologies
www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Technology/Works/Compare
• Bluetooth Headsets Accessories - Accessories
www.yourwirelesssource.com/do/products/loadComparableItems?equipmentId=285104
&catId=28
Problems:
Little problem I have faced when I try to get more information about designing network.
The problem that results was not applicable with what I am looking because I did small
fault. What is that? Doing research with “general phrase” will not give you vary result
which will make you floating.
• EXAMPLE (3)
Search Engine: www.google.com
Keywords: network
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Results:
• Network (1976)
http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0074958/
• Network - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network
Given (2):
”Indicates how you decided which sites were useful and reliable.(explain & give examples)”
To get the reliable and useful information you have to know where you should search.
Is it on google.com or altavista.com? Actually it is depends of your parameters. The
best way is to search on the owner of (technology/service, etc) website through their
website search engine or via famous search engines such as google.com. or you might
search on the famous or specific encyclopedia.
• EXAMPLE (1)
Search Engine: www.google.com
Keywords: Design Network Cisco
Results:
• Solution Reference Network Design Design Guides - Cisco Systems
www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns656/networking_solutions_design_guidances_list.html
• Cisco Network Topology and Design > Requirements and Constraints
www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=25188
• Cisco.com - Solution Designer
www.ciscowebtools.com/designer/
• EXAMPLE (2)
Search Engine: www.google.com
Keywords: Network Encyclopedia
Results:
• Network and Telecom Dictionary and Encyclopedia | NetworkDictionary
www.networkdictionary.com/
• The Network Encyclopedia
www.thenetworkencyclopedia.com
Given (3):
“Discuss your experience with some popular search engines such as AltaVista, Google, and Yahoo in terms of speed of response, quality of search results returned etc”
• Loading the homepage of google.com and altavista.com almost is equal in
speed. And yahoo.com is slowest one.
• Google.com is fastest (0.14 sec) than altavista.com, and yahoo.com is the
lowest speed (0.25 sec) on search results.
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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• Quality of search results almost same of all above search engines. The
difference is in display and order of the result is. Each search engine has its
own way and methods to present the results.
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Answer to Question No. 4
A)
I. The skill that I learned about technology the technology is up-to-date and
upgrade of current technology is running worldwide. I have learned much skill
but the important one is how to use technology to communicate with others.
II. To communicate with others, I am always using mobile phone and e-mail. And
most of the time I am using e-mail via PC or PDA.
B)
I. I feel that I need to develop my skills about Bluetooth technology because I did
not read about it in details, but I am using it in my PDA.
II. English skills are very important to communicate with other generally and
communicate with others as well about technologies.
C)
To improve my English skills I am always using English as primary languages on daily
(reading and writing). Moreover, I am planning to listen to English news and technology
news. Finally, my subject study (T209) will help me improving my communication skills
and technology.
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Part 2
Answer to Question No. 5
A) Flowchart
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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B) RAD simulation
RAD simulations file (TMA01_T209_.rad) it attached with this TMA01.
C) Evaluation
When I finished reading the given scenario of this project first time, I have designed out
in blank paper the first draft of expected design. I do repeat reading the scenario again
and again and then I found that we can design this project with different and different
designs depends on scenario and beneficiary parameters and conditions. However, the
decisions will affect based on that.
As given in the question, voice recognition call center system should be installed to
provide callers with certain services such as “Sales Representative” which can respond
to two commands: Make Appointment and Leave a Message. And “Product inquiry” and
“Quotation Inquiry” which can responds to three commands: Mobile, PC, and IT
Peripherals. And “Catalogue Inquiry” which can respond to one command: Leave a
Message.
We will assume that the system receive commands from the microphone, sends
commands to a specific department (Sales, Product, Quotation and Catalogue) while
producing synthesized texts and displaying a corresponding message.
We started design our project on flowchart (as showing on task A) and then we design
it in Rapid Application Developer (RAD).
As we will deal with valuable customers, we decided to start with (Welcome message)
said “Welcome to Automated Call Center”. Everyone make a call to the system will hear
this message. And then, the services will be listed in sequence and system will prompt
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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the caller to select one of the services and sub-services. The services will be listed as
(Option one: Sales Representative, Option two: Product Inquiry, Option three:
Catalogue Inquiry, and Option four: Quotation Inquiry. And it will be displayed as text.
Sales Representative
• If the caller would like to select “Sales Representative” as his/her first choice,
he/she might get this option by pronounce one of words “Option one, Sales,
Sales representative”. And then the system will capture what the caller said and
recognize it.
• Suppose the caller did not pronounce the word correctly or he/she did not
pronounce anything, then the system will prompt him/her to select one of main
services menu (Option one: Sales Representative, Option two: Product Inquiry,
Option three: Catalogue Inquiry, and Option four: Quotation Inquiry.) Otherwise,
the system will notify the caller that the call is going to be disconnected as he
did not understand what he/she need.
• If the caller pronounced one of the words “Option one, Sales, Sales
representative” and the system capture it and recognize it, then the system will
prompt him/her to confirm by answer Yes/ No question “Are you sure?” by
pronounce “Yes” if he/she is sure and agree to continue or “No” if he/she is not
sure or would like to select other service and back to main services menu.
• Suppose the caller confirm and he/she said: “Yes”, then another options will be
displayed on sequence “Option one: Make appointment” and “Option Two:
Leave a message”. Suppose the callers need to select “Make appointment”
he/she might pronounce on of words “Make appointment, appointment or option
one”. And if he/she needs to “leave a message” he/she might pronounce of
words “Leave a message, message or option two”. Suppose the caller did not
pronounce the word correctly or he/she did not pronounce anything, then the
system will prompt him/her to select one of options. Otherwise, the system will
notify the caller that the call is going to be disconnected as he did not
understand what he/she need.
• If the caller pronounced one of the words related to any sub-services options
“Make appointment” or “Leave a message” and the system capture it and
recognize it, then the system will prompt him/her to confirm by answer Yes/ No
question “Are you sure?”. And then by pronounced “Yes” if he/she is sure and
agree to continue or “No” if he/she is not sure or would like to select another
sub-service and back to main services menu.
• Suppose the caller confirmed by pronounced “Yes”, and then the system will
thank him/her and then ask if he/she need any other services -“Thank you for
using our Service. Do you need any other services?” Suppose he/she need
more service and he/she pronounced “Yes”, then the system will displayed the
main menu of the services. If he/she said “No” the system will disconnect.
Product Inquiry and Quotation Inquiry
Product inquiry and quotation inquiry will go with same concept and of Sales
Representative.
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Catalogue Inquiry
Generally, the catalogue inquiry will follow same concept and of Sale, product and
quotation. But the different that the ‘Catalogue Inquiry” has only one option or sub-
service which is “Leave a message” and does not have multiple options as Sales
representative, Product Inquiry and Quotation inquiry.
This is first time on my life to use RAD simulation and hear about it. It is really very nice
application and did face difficulty at the beginning of using it similar to any new
application first time I use. And by looking to “Book D and E of Module 2 of T209’ and
application samples and tutorials I learned and understand the basics of application
which is required to complete RAD section on TMA01. I did my best to clear my
answers to get the full mark on TMA01. RAD testing was wonderful and amazing.
If I am in position to assessment of viability of such a speech interface, It will success if
they develop the idea with multilingual such as Arabic and considering the needs of
companies and society.
The total number of words in part (c) is: 903 words.
Please refer to RAD file
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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Answer to Question No. 6
My articles
Link: click here or visit
https://arabcampus.arabou.org.sa/fall09/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=4357#p9565
Note that you have to login to LMS to able browse this link.
Contributed message
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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• Please note that the size of picture has reduced up to 45%. To see it on original
size, you might go to properties of picture and increase the size. Or you might
refer to file name: “Cont_all3.jpg” in my TMA01 folder.
• Moreover, you might browse my contribution through LMS after you login click
here or visit
https://arabcampus.arabou.org.sa/fall09/mod/forum/search.php?id=73&words=
&phrase=¬words=&fullwords=&hfromday=1&hfrommonth=1&hfromyear=1&h
fromhour=1&hfromminute=1&htoday=1&htomonth=1&htoyear=1&htohour=1&ht
ominute=1&forumid=0&subject=&user=
Summery
One of article was taking about the Human-Computer Interaction and Your Site, this is
the first article. And the author was highlighting some points. For example: how you
should design your site to make user or group of users. The author is talking about
internet websites. Moreover, you should highlight the important fields by moving or
blinking visuals at your website. And you should design your site to grab people
attention. The article was mentioned “In order to achieve a usable Website, you need to
apply what you know about humans and computers, and consult with likely users
throughout the design process.” Moreover, the article highlighted the goals of (HCI) in
order to produce computer systems with good usability, developers must attempt to:
1. Understand the factors that determine how people use technology.
Yaseen Alhashim, Dammam | TMA01, T209 | Tutor: Mr. Raed Alshaikh
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2. Develop tools and techniques to enable building suitable systems.
3. Achieve efficient, effective, and safe interaction.
Moreover, the article explores the basic principles of (HCI), requirements analysis,
conceptual proposal, prototyping, development and launch and housekeeping. And the
article ends with the importance of (HCI) in website development that a large
percentage of the design and programming effort of projects go into the actual Website
design. The interface is a fundamental part of making the site more successful, safe,
useful, and functional and, in the long run, more pleasurable for the user. The tools and
techniques that have been developed in this field have contributed immensely towards
decreasing costs and increasing productivity.
The second article was titled with “Towards Accessible Human-Computer Interaction”.
The primary purpose of the article is to provide a broad overview of the software
human-computer interaction (HCI) issues surrounding access to computer systems.
The needs of users with disabilities are typically not considered during software design
and evaluation. Designing software that takes the needs of users with disabilities into
account makes software more usable for all users: people with disabilities who use
assistive technologies, those who use systems "off the shelf", as well as users without
any significant disabilities. As users and designers, we will soon deal with environment
and task demands in which systems must deliver computing power to people who will
be unable to use their hands, eyes, or ears to interact with computers.
Moreover, designer of software must care about the interface of any device might
design it to interact with human as should care about the software itself to make sure
user did not confuse about how to perform tasks. Blind users of graphical user
interfaces are especially affected by arbitrary violations of design guidelines with
respect to application layout, behavior, and key mappings. These users interact with
their systems through keyboard navigation, and use one-line Braille displays and/or
voice synthesis with screen reader software to read screen contents. Unlike a sighted
user who can selectively scan and attend to screen elements in any order, blind users
with screen readers move through a relatively linear presentation of screen layout. If
that layout deviates significantly from guidelines, it can be especially difficult for a blind
user to understand what is happening.
As with any other issue in human-computer interaction, the key to understanding the
problem of accessibility is to understand the needs of users. We have suggested that
users with disabilities are generally not considered in interface design. A shift from the
narrow view of who constitutes "the user" to a broad view is the first step towards
improving the accessibility of human-computer interaction for all users.
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