Systematic film review 3.Pleura

• Follow the pleural surface around the lung periphery.

• The costophrenic angles should be V-shaped• Look for the minor and major fissures.They

are normally hair-line structures

Pneumothorax

• Peripheral (apical) hyperlucent zone devoid of lung markings.

• Visceral pleural line (retracted lung) inferomedially.

http://www.trauma.org/imagebank/chest/images/chest0018.html

Pleural effusion

• Homogenous density in the dependent part in the up-right position; typically with a meniscus sign.

• Small effusions may only obliterate CP >s• Silouhetting of diaphragm.• Diffuse haziness on the side of effusion in

supine position.