sustainable energy system

8/15/2019 Sustainable Energy System

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/sustainable-energy-system 1/33

ENERGY

SOURCE

Renewable energy (sources) or RES capture

their energy from existing flows of energy, from

on-going natural processes, such as sunshine,

wind, flowing water, biological processes, and

geothermal heat flows.

RENEWABLE



TECHNOLOGY Capturing renewable energy by

plants, animals and humans does

not permanently deplete the

resource, though there is a price for

the system.

Fossil fuels, while theoretically

renewable on a very long time-scale,

are exploited at rates that deplete

these resources in the near future.

•

•

RENEWABLE ENERGY



RENEWABLE SOURCES FOSSIL SOURCES SOLAR RADIATION

WIND, BIOMASS, HYDROCOAL, LIGNITE

PETROLEUM

NATURAL GAS

ENERGY SOURCES



RENEWABLE SOURCES?

• REDUCE ENVRONMENTAL IMPACT &

MITIGATE GLOBAL WARMING.

WHY SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL SOURCES WITH



SOURCES WITH SOURCES? RENEWABLE

• MAKE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE.

• ENERGY OF LIGHT,WIND AND FLOWINGWATER AND ENERGY STORED IN

BIOMASS : EXPLOIT INTELLIGENTLY-

EVEN IF DISPERSED, & INTERMITTENT

THEY ARE RENEWED.

• CONSERVE FOSSIL FUELS

WHY SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL



Indiaclearyear.

receives 300•

sunny days in aThis is far more

than the total energyconsumption of this

country in a year.Solar Photo Voltaic(SPV) power inhouseholds,

telecommunications,defence, railways andothers.

•

SOLAR RADIATION



SUN

POWER Manufacturing•

•

low-cost solar PVcells/modules

• Standard SPV

power

packs for supply of

electricity

Solar Photovoltaics:



Technology Transfer •

Indian PV industry is

seeking technology for the

manufacture of PV modulesespecially based on thin film

materials, and is able to

offer technology for the

manufacture of silicon solar

cells, PV modules and PVsystems.

Solar Photovoltaics : SUN POWER



• Widely employed

in India are

Non-grid thermal

technologies:

•

solar

•

solar

•

solar

water heating,

cookers,

air heating.

Solar Thermal



•

State Government extended subsidy forinstallation of solar water heating system insome of the institutions including Government

hospitals, hostels etc.• For the year 2004-05, Government has

sanctioned Rs.15.00 lakhs for installation of24-Nos. of 1000 LPD systems under subsidy

and 12-Nos. of 500 LPD systems inGovernment Institutions with full cost.

Solar Thermal: Tamil Nadu



• Government of Tamil Nadu sanctioned an

amount of Rs.4.61 lakhs for providing subsidy

for drying of various products, for a total

capacity of 440 m² during 2003-04. Two

systems for a total capacity of 168 m2 have

been installed. The balance of works is under

implementation.

Solar air heating system



• Dish type cookers for

10 to 15 persons and

steam cooking for more

number of personsusing solar thermal

energy have also been

developed. MNES, GOI

provides subsidy upto50% of cost.

Solar cookers:



WIND POWER India is the fifth largest wind power producer in the world.

•

It has a wind power

generation capacity of 3,595

MW.

•

The wind potential in India:

[estimated] 45, 000 MW.

•

Almost 6.5 billion units of

electricity have been fed to

various state grids from

•

wind power projects.



Fiscal & promotional incentives:

Concessional import

duty on specified wind

turbine parts. 80 percent accelerated

depreciation.

Customs and Excise duty relief; Loans through IREDA.

Tax holiday for power

generation projects

WIND POWER



•

Wind Assessment studies were conducted toidentify places having wind speed of morethan 18 kmph. Based on the study,

Demonstration wind farms for a total capacityof 19 MW were set by Tamil Nadu ElectricityBoard in stages from among the 41 identifiedplaces. Following this starting from the first

private sector wind farm in Tamil Nadu during1990, large numbers are being installed.

WIND POWER: Tamil Nadu-1



• Wind power projects at the capacity of 1664

MW as on 31.12.2004 have been set up in 20

areas through private sector. This constitutes

more than 50% of the installed capacity in the

country. Though the target fixed for Tenth

Five Year Plan (2002-2007) is 500 MW, total

additional capacity made in the first three

years (April 2002 to Dec.2004) is 807 MW.

WIND POWER: Tamil Nadu-2



Methods for production of biofuels from

biomass

THERMO-

CHEMICAL BIOCHEMICAL CATALYTIC CONVERSION

PYROLYSIS

ANAEROBIC

DIGESTION

HYDROGENATION

GASIFICATION

FERMENTATION

TRANS-ESTERIFICATION

COMBUSTION

HYDROLYTIC

ENZYMES

SYN.GAS PROCESS



Biomass Power

• The applications of biomass energy: thermal or

heat, mechanical water pumping for irrigation and

power generation including village electrificationand industrial applications.



Gasifiers

• At one end is advanced bagasse cogeneration, for

which the government launched a program to tap

the 3500 MW cogeneration potential of India’s cane

sugar industry – the largest in

the world.

• At the other end of the scale are small-scale

biomass gasifiers, to substitute for diesel fuel in

village power installations, providing health,

environmental, and employment benefits for ruralcommunities.

BIOMASS POWER: Cogeneration &



• A National Programme on Biomass Power /

Cogeneration with four components, is being

implemented to tap the large biomass potential.These four components are:

§ biomass-based power generation,

§ biomass/bagasse-based cogeneration,

§ research and development and,

§ biomass resource assessment.

BIOMASS POWER: Cogeneration & Gasifiers



Co-generation • The scheme for producing steam from bagasse high

pressure boilers in sugar mills and generating

electricity for export of surplus power to EB and using

the low pressure steam after power generation for

process has been successfully implemented. With a

total installed capacity of 275 MW as on 31.12.2004,

with exportable surplus of165-MW.

BIO ENERGY SYSTEMS:



Biomass Gasifiers

In 2004, 26 gasifiers (thermal) of total capacity of 3400 Kwe and 11

gasifiers (electrical) of total capacity of 1686 Kwe were installed. Further 3

thermal (450 Kwe) systems and 7 electrical (2357 Kwe) systems

sanctioned by MNES are under implementation. State Government has

also sanctioned for the year 2004-05 Rs.12.00 lakhs for providing

additional subsidy for 14-Nos. 20 Kwe gasifier electrical for six local bodies

@ Rs.1.00 lakh and for eight other Institutions @ Rs.75,000/-; and Rs.7.50

lakhs for 7- Nos. gasifier (thermal) for Noon meal centers in five Schools

@ Rs.1.2 lakhs and in two other institutions @ Rs.75,000/- totaling to

Rs.19.50 lakhs.

•

•

•

Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency



An estimated potential of about 15,000 MW of SHP exists in India.

SMALL HYDRO PROJECTS



• MNES currently has a database of 4,233

potential sites with an aggregate capacity

10,071 MW for projects upto 25 MW.

of

•

From 1989 to 1993, the thrust was onsetting up of demonstration projects in

States to regenerate interest of State

Governments/ SEBs to set up SHP projects.

For this purpose capital subsidy of up to 50%of the cost of project subject to a maximum of

Rs. 2.50 crores per MW was provided.

SMALL HYDRO POWER



•

For SHP, main thrust areas:• 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Nation-wise small hydro resourceassessment Encouragement to commercial SHP projects

SHP projects

States to exploit small hydro potential

mills

Renovation and modernization of old

Special incentives to North-Eastern

Development and up-gradation of water

Industry based research anddevelopment

Small hydropower development-1



•

150 MW Kopili Hydro Electric Project –

Assam – commissioned.

• 405 MW Ranganadi (Arunachal Pradesh) &

75 MW Doyang (Nagaland) Hydro Electric

Projects – under implementation.

•

Also funded a large number of micro-hydeland non-conventional energy schemes

Small hydropower development-2



• Biogas plants,• Improved cooking stoves,

• Biomass conversion plants,

• Solar energy conversion systems

[Photovoltaic & Thermal],

• Wind energy electric systems,

• Small hydro power,

• Other new and emerging technologies

Major Renewable Energy



Systems designed with RE sources shouldmeet the same performance standards asthose based on fossil sources besidesbeing environmentally safe andsustainable.

•

Systems are to be suitable for operationrural areas, meeting their needs.

Poverty elimination and economicdevelopment are to be the benefits ofusing these systems.

in•

•

EVOLVE ‘RET’ STANDARDS



•

limited information,

•

lack of technical skills and

• institutional capacity,

•

prohibitive costs, and

• inaccessibility to technology.

•

Trained staff are needed

at the technical, professional level.

Barriers to overcome



• Trained staff are needed at the technical and

professional levels to meet the current and

expected increase in jobs.

• With the knowledge and skills to develop,

promote and implement new methods of

sustainable energy production, they can

•

improve the efficiency of existing systemsand appliances.

RET manpower training: a felt need



• Specialized technical institutions meant to

provide services for testing and

standardization of the devices, are sponsored

by MNES. These institutions are also

engaged in constant up gradation of the

production technology and improve the

operational efficiency of these devices.

Specialised Technical Institutions



solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems.

2. Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-

WET) deals with wind energy.

3. Sardar Swaran Singh National Ins ti tu te

of Renewable Energy (SSSNIRE) will look

after all other renewable energy areas.THANK YOU

1. Solar Energy Centre (SEC) is devoted to

sustainable energy system

Documents