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ENERGY
SOURCE
Renewable energy (sources) or RES capture
their energy from existing flows of energy, from
on-going natural processes, such as sunshine,
wind, flowing water, biological processes, and
geothermal heat flows.
RENEWABLE
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TECHNOLOGY Capturing renewable energy by
plants, animals and humans does
not permanently deplete the
resource, though there is a price for
the system.
Fossil fuels, while theoretically
renewable on a very long time-scale,
are exploited at rates that deplete
these resources in the near future.
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RENEWABLE ENERGY
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RENEWABLE SOURCES FOSSIL SOURCES SOLAR RADIATION
WIND, BIOMASS, HYDROCOAL, LIGNITE
PETROLEUM
NATURAL GAS
ENERGY SOURCES
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RENEWABLE SOURCES?
• REDUCE ENVRONMENTAL IMPACT &
MITIGATE GLOBAL WARMING.
WHY SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL SOURCES WITH
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SOURCES WITH SOURCES? RENEWABLE
• MAKE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE.
• ENERGY OF LIGHT,WIND AND FLOWINGWATER AND ENERGY STORED IN
BIOMASS : EXPLOIT INTELLIGENTLY-
EVEN IF DISPERSED, & INTERMITTENT
THEY ARE RENEWED.
• CONSERVE FOSSIL FUELS
WHY SUPPLEMENT FOSSIL
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Indiaclearyear.
receives 300•
sunny days in aThis is far more
than the total energyconsumption of this
country in a year.Solar Photo Voltaic(SPV) power inhouseholds,
telecommunications,defence, railways andothers.
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SOLAR RADIATION
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SUN
POWER Manufacturing•
•
low-cost solar PVcells/modules
• Standard SPV
power
packs for supply of
electricity
Solar Photovoltaics:
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Technology Transfer •
Indian PV industry is
seeking technology for the
manufacture of PV modulesespecially based on thin film
materials, and is able to
offer technology for the
manufacture of silicon solar
cells, PV modules and PVsystems.
Solar Photovoltaics : SUN POWER
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• Widely employed
in India are
Non-grid thermal
technologies:
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solar
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solar
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solar
water heating,
cookers,
air heating.
Solar Thermal
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•
State Government extended subsidy forinstallation of solar water heating system insome of the institutions including Government
hospitals, hostels etc.• For the year 2004-05, Government has
sanctioned Rs.15.00 lakhs for installation of24-Nos. of 1000 LPD systems under subsidy
and 12-Nos. of 500 LPD systems inGovernment Institutions with full cost.
Solar Thermal: Tamil Nadu
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• Government of Tamil Nadu sanctioned an
amount of Rs.4.61 lakhs for providing subsidy
for drying of various products, for a total
capacity of 440 m² during 2003-04. Two
systems for a total capacity of 168 m2 have
been installed. The balance of works is under
implementation.
Solar air heating system
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• Dish type cookers for
10 to 15 persons and
steam cooking for more
number of personsusing solar thermal
energy have also been
developed. MNES, GOI
provides subsidy upto50% of cost.
Solar cookers:
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WIND POWER India is the fifth largest wind power producer in the world.
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It has a wind power
generation capacity of 3,595
MW.
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The wind potential in India:
[estimated] 45, 000 MW.
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Almost 6.5 billion units of
electricity have been fed to
various state grids from
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wind power projects.
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Fiscal & promotional incentives:
Concessional import
duty on specified wind
turbine parts. 80 percent accelerated
depreciation.
Customs and Excise duty relief; Loans through IREDA.
Tax holiday for power
generation projects
WIND POWER
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Wind Assessment studies were conducted toidentify places having wind speed of morethan 18 kmph. Based on the study,
Demonstration wind farms for a total capacityof 19 MW were set by Tamil Nadu ElectricityBoard in stages from among the 41 identifiedplaces. Following this starting from the first
private sector wind farm in Tamil Nadu during1990, large numbers are being installed.
WIND POWER: Tamil Nadu-1
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• Wind power projects at the capacity of 1664
MW as on 31.12.2004 have been set up in 20
areas through private sector. This constitutes
more than 50% of the installed capacity in the
country. Though the target fixed for Tenth
Five Year Plan (2002-2007) is 500 MW, total
additional capacity made in the first three
years (April 2002 to Dec.2004) is 807 MW.
WIND POWER: Tamil Nadu-2
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Methods for production of biofuels from
biomass
THERMO-
CHEMICAL BIOCHEMICAL CATALYTIC CONVERSION
PYROLYSIS
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTION
HYDROGENATION
GASIFICATION
FERMENTATION
TRANS-ESTERIFICATION
COMBUSTION
HYDROLYTIC
ENZYMES
SYN.GAS PROCESS
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Biomass Power
• The applications of biomass energy: thermal or
heat, mechanical water pumping for irrigation and
power generation including village electrificationand industrial applications.
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Gasifiers
• At one end is advanced bagasse cogeneration, for
which the government launched a program to tap
the 3500 MW cogeneration potential of India’s cane
sugar industry – the largest in
the world.
• At the other end of the scale are small-scale
biomass gasifiers, to substitute for diesel fuel in
village power installations, providing health,
environmental, and employment benefits for ruralcommunities.
BIOMASS POWER: Cogeneration &
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• A National Programme on Biomass Power /
Cogeneration with four components, is being
implemented to tap the large biomass potential.These four components are:
§ biomass-based power generation,
§ biomass/bagasse-based co- generation,
§ research and development and,
§ biomass resource assessment.
BIOMASS POWER: Cogeneration & Gasifiers
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Co-generation • The scheme for producing steam from bagasse high
pressure boilers in sugar mills and generating
electricity for export of surplus power to EB and using
the low pressure steam after power generation for
process has been successfully implemented. With a
total installed capacity of 275 MW as on 31.12.2004,
with exportable surplus of165-MW.
BIO ENERGY SYSTEMS:
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Biomass Gasifiers
In 2004, 26 gasifiers (thermal) of total capacity of 3400 Kwe and 11
gasifiers (electrical) of total capacity of 1686 Kwe were installed. Further 3
thermal (450 Kwe) systems and 7 electrical (2357 Kwe) systems
sanctioned by MNES are under implementation. State Government has
also sanctioned for the year 2004-05 Rs.12.00 lakhs for providing
additional subsidy for 14-Nos. 20 Kwe gasifier electrical for six local bodies
@ Rs.1.00 lakh and for eight other Institutions @ Rs.75,000/-; and Rs.7.50
lakhs for 7- Nos. gasifier (thermal) for Noon meal centers in five Schools
@ Rs.1.2 lakhs and in two other institutions @ Rs.75,000/- totaling to
Rs.19.50 lakhs.
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Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency
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An estimated potential of about 15,000 MW of SHP exists in India.
SMALL HYDRO PROJECTS
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• MNES currently has a database of 4,233
potential sites with an aggregate capacity
10,071 MW for projects upto 25 MW.
of
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From 1989 to 1993, the thrust was onsetting up of demonstration projects in
States to regenerate interest of State
Governments/ SEBs to set up SHP projects.
For this purpose capital subsidy of up to 50%of the cost of project subject to a maximum of
Rs. 2.50 crores per MW was provided.
SMALL HYDRO POWER
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For SHP, main thrust areas:• 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Nation-wise small hydro resourceassessment Encouragement to commercial SHP projects
SHP projects
States to exploit small hydro potential
mills
Renovation and modernization of old
Special incentives to North-Eastern
Development and up-gradation of water
Industry based research anddevelopment
Small hydropower development-1
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•
150 MW Kopili Hydro Electric Project –
Assam – commissioned.
• 405 MW Ranganadi (Arunachal Pradesh) &
75 MW Doyang (Nagaland) Hydro Electric
Projects – under implementation.
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Also funded a large number of micro-hydeland non-conventional energy schemes
Small hydropower development-2
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• Biogas plants,• Improved cooking stoves,
• Biomass conversion plants,
• Solar energy conversion systems
[Photovoltaic & Thermal],
• Wind energy electric systems,
• Small hydro power,
• Other new and emerging technologies
Major Renewable Energy
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Systems designed with RE sources shouldmeet the same performance standards asthose based on fossil sources besidesbeing environmentally safe andsustainable.
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Systems are to be suitable for operationrural areas, meeting their needs.
Poverty elimination and economicdevelopment are to be the benefits ofusing these systems.
in•
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EVOLVE ‘RET’ STANDARDS
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limited information,
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lack of technical skills and
• institutional capacity,
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prohibitive costs, and
• inaccessibility to technology.
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Trained staff are needed
at the technical, professional level.
Barriers to overcome
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• Trained staff are needed at the technical and
professional levels to meet the current and
expected increase in jobs.
• With the knowledge and skills to develop,
promote and implement new methods of
sustainable energy production, they can
•
improve the efficiency of existing systemsand appliances.
RET manpower training: a felt need
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• Specialized technical institutions meant to
provide services for testing and
standardization of the devices, are sponsored
by MNES. These institutions are also
engaged in constant up gradation of the
production technology and improve the
operational efficiency of these devices.
Specialised Technical Institutions
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solar photovoltaic and solar thermal systems.
2. Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-
WET) deals with wind energy.
3. Sardar Swaran Singh National Ins ti tu te
of Renewable Energy (SSSNIRE) will look
after all other renewable energy areas.THANK YOU
1. Solar Energy Centre (SEC) is devoted to