sustainability qualified - erik de baedts
TRANSCRIPT
Sustainability quantifiedEU and Dutch Waste Management & Recycling Technology
and what it can do for Brasil
Erik de BaedtsInternational Solid Waste Association (ISWA)
Municipal Waste Europe (MWE)Royal Dutch Waste Management Association (NVRD)
June 2012
AGENDA
Sustainability and relevance of waste management
Green economic development and the role of waste management
Waste management and recycling best practices in Europe
Impact of waste management quantified, the Dutch example
Impact of technology in reach for emerging economies like Brasil
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Global situationProduction, consumption and…
Global situationProduction, consumption and… waste!
The end of our current production process…90% landfilling in Brasil, no better in Asia & Africa
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HealthHygieneEnvironment, ClimateSocial Responsibility
=> Not sustainable
Planetary Boundaries
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Urbanisation and use of resources
More urbanisation to megacities
More use of material resources
(it’s not just energy stupid ;-)
Yet collection and recycling of resources is more difficult in (mega-)cities with highrise
Scarce resources
De Afvalbranche is de ‘bewaker’ van de waarde van hulpbronnen en materialen: Hoe kan deze rol het beste ingevuld worden?
Design
Carpet /Fashion Production
Retail
Consumption
2009 © NVRD
Design
Resources
Production
Marketing
Consumption
Resources
Sector Design
Industry
Consumption
Textile Aluminium Electronics
- Knowledge
- Sorting (treatment)
- Logistics
X/Y/Z Instruments
Ecodesign
Producers Responsibility?
Reimbursement schemes?
Positive triggers?
Waste Management
Towards a green economy
Motor of the green economy, with cross-cutting impact
Beeld Radertjes invoegen.
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Relevance Waste & Recycling
Chain Management
Changing the dynamics
through WASTE
Recycling society and economyincluding Producers Responsibility
waste
Consumer/ citizenProducer
RecyclingDisposal
Purchaseproducts
Reuse of resources
resource
EU Approach: The Waste Hierarchy
Instead of landfilling shift to sorting and recycling, organise sufficient but not too much waste to energy, then focus on prevention and reuse
bottom-up
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CO2-impact
EU Approach: impact Waste Hierarchy
EU Municipal waste treatment, EU-27, (kg /capita), 1995-2009
EU Municipal waste treated in 2009 by country and treatment category, sorted by percentage, 2011
Waste treatment strategy by EU country groups, 2009
EU Development of municipal waste treatment, 1995 to 2009 by treatment groups and category, (% kg per capita)
Trends and outlook Municipal Waste Management Europe
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Policy question: how does Europe as recycling society?
• Management of waste has improved
• Many countries are recycling and recovering more, but...
• More efforts are needed if the EU is to become a 'recycling society'.
• The majority of the waste (45 %) is still sent to landfill
• But an increasing amount is recycled (42 %) or incinerated (5 %).
• Municipal waste specifically landfilled 62 % (1995) down to > 38 % (2010)
• Frontrunners in NW-Europe
• Working to enhance demand for recycled materials
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Material use increasing in Europe, but less than GDP
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Recycling's current and potential contribution to meeting EU demand for various materials, 2006
Total turnover of recycling of seven key recyclables in the EU
2004 and 2006–2009
People employed in recycling activities in the EU per million inhabitants: the business Overall employment related to materials recovery in Europe
increased from 422 inhabitants per million in 2000 to 611 in 2007, increase of 45 %.
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0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Recycling
Wholesale of wasteand scraps
Total
The Example of Europe for the planetPotential for scaling up
What the EU has done:– Regulation & investment in waste management– Prevention, minimization, reuse, recycling
and energy recovery activities leading to reductions in use of landfills.
Significant GHG reduction potential: – Municipal waste sector will be a net GHG
reducer in 2012-2020.– Waste-related GHG emissions declined from 69 to 32 million tonnes of CO2 from 1990-2007– EU is able to meet 18% of its Kyoto Protocol
target through the waste management sector.
This can be replicated worldwide:– UNEP (2010) on Waste and Climate Change:– … the waste sector is in a unique position
to move from being a minor source of global emissions to becoming a major saver of emissions.
Trends and projections of GHG emissions from management of municipal waste in the European Union
Quantification approach CO2-impact
Qualified Researcher (IPCC-laureate professor)
Scientific perfomance figures
Up to date review of figures
Sounding board with sectoral expertise to assess assumptions made
National waste figures, based on energy impact => CO2 -impact
For municipal household waste, bulky waste
and construction & demolition waste
Results waste & recycling for climate
CO2 Emissions to Atmosphere
CO2 from energy
CO2 from feedstock (fossil fuels, limestone)
Cement, limeAmmoniaPlastics
CO2 from waste treatment (fossil and biomass) Courtesy Prof. E. Worrell
Anaerobic DigestionIncineration
Extraction
Naturalresources
Waste
ConsumptionProcessingMaterials
ProductionWaste
Management
Recycling and reuse
“Under the bonnet”
Results waste & recycling for climate
Recycling reduces emissions NL by 2 million t CO2/yr
Dutch results recycling & climate
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Recycling+ Incineration+ Succesful current policy
CO2
emis
sion
sav
ings
aga
inst
200
8 re
fere
nce
scen
ario
(kto
nne
CO2/
year
)
Roof waste
Mineral materials
Wood
Cardboard drinking packages
Polyvinylchloride
PET
Polystyrene
Polypropylene
Polyethylene
Organic wastes
Copper
Aluminum
Steel
Textiles
Glass
Paper and board
.. And leads to annual energy savings of 20 PJ
Dutch results in recycling & climate
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Recycling+ Incineration+ Succesful current policy
Ener
gy s
avin
gs a
gain
st 2
008
refe
renc
e sc
enar
io
(PJ/
year
)
Roof waste
Mineral materials
Wood
Cardboard drinking packages
Polyvinylchloride
PET
Polystyrene
Polypropylene
Polyethylene
Organic wastes
Copper
Aluminum
Steel
Textiles
Glass
Paper and board
Summary scenario’s
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Baseline Brazil 2030: no change with 2010 only growth of GDP
Brazilian Waste Law: draft goals on recycling and landfill gas
Brazil: Recycling+:
Maximum Recycling combined with Waste to Energy
The Netherlands: situation 2008
(Recycling combined with Waste to Energy)
Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Elements scenario’s
Collection:
– Baseline: little separation of recyclables
– Waste Law: two bin collection (wet – dry recyclables)
– Recycling+: two bin collection (wet – dry recyclables)
– NL: at source separation
Treatment:
– Baseline: little recycling, landfill / open dump
– Waste Law: recycling dry, composting of biowaste, rejects to landfill
– Recycling+: recycling dry, anaerobic digestion biowaste, rejects W2E
– NL: recycling part of dry, digestion & composting, W2E
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Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Landfill – Waste to Energy - Recycling
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Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
GreenHouseGas-emissions (MtCO2eq/yr)
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Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Results CO2-emission savings household waste per inhabitant
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2010 -> 2030 Waste Law Recycling+ NL 2008
Kg / inh 378 -> 490 490 490 499
% recycling 7% 42% 67% 50%
% W2E - - 33% 47%
% landfill 93% 58% - 3%
GHG emis. (Mt CO2-eq.)
16 -> 26 -28 -57 -2
kg CO2-eq. per ton waste
268 -300 -590 -280
kg per capita 101 -> 131 -146 -291 -140
Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Sharing experience / skills / technology
Waste collection – logistics, systems, separation of recyclables
Materials Recycling Facility (MRF)
Treatment biowaste (anaerobic digestion with energy recovery and composting)
Waste to Energy (W2E)
Landfill gas recovery
Waste experience in regulation, financing and communication
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Brasil: Waste & Recycling potential
Financing CO2-potential of recycling
Recycling+ business Value on the CO2 Market; global or within Brazil2012 2020 2030
Materials % Mton CO2 $ 10/ton CO2 $ 20/ton CO2 $ 30/ton CO2Paper and board 14,7% -9.027 90.266.214 180.532.429 270.798.643Glass 2,8% -1.25 1.253.406 2.506.813 3.760.219Organic waste 54,9% -5.526 55.255.520 110.511.039 165.766.559Textiles 1,8% -1.266 12.660.116 25.320.231 37.980.347Steel 1,3% -1.788 17.881.468 35.762.937 53.644.405Aluminum 0,4% -1.356 13.559.932 27.119.864 40.679.796PE (hard) 1,9%
-28.303 283.030.360 566.060.720 849.091.080PE (film) 15,0%PP 1,9% -3.889 38.890.123 77.780.245 116.670.368PET 1,5% -4.620 46.200.172 92.400.344 138.600.516Tetrapak 1,4% -628 6.283.734 12.567.468 18.851.201Wood 0,3% -209 2.086.852 4.173.704 6.260.556Stone-like material 0,8% 24 -237.562 -475.124 -712.686Other 1,3% 0 0 0Total -56.713 USD 567.130.335 USD 1.134.260.670 USD 1.701.391.005
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Businesswise, the CO2-market
ISWA Publication award winner 2010 UN-Habitat Human settlements Programme
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Example
Ideally we need chain management:
cooperation based on waste as trigger,
with a view to
more sustainable ways of
production and consumption
through Recycling & Waste to Energy.
But for now:
Waste & Recycling technology
is available and fundable
Government(UN: UNEP/UNDP, UNFCCC [GCF], EU)
IndustryI.D.N. International Designers NetworkF.G.I. Fashion Group Int.C.E. Consumer Electronics Association (www.ce.org)
NGO’SE.E.B. European Environmental BureauGreenpeace?BEUC (Consumers)
Academia
Waste ManagementISWA
Alliances for sustainable production and consumption
PLATFORM
Design
Fashion /Carpet Production
Retail
Consumption
Resources
Sector Design
Industry
Consumption
Design
Resources
Production
Marketing
Consumption
Ecodesign
Producers Responsibilty
Reimbursement?
Positive triggers
Drivers apart from public or corporate responsibility:
•Innovation & Technology
•Economic Sustainability
•A competitive advantage
From Cradle
to practice
Contact InformationISWA Headquarters, Vienna Austria
Tel: +1 43 1 253 6001
Email: [email protected]
www.iswa.org
NVRD, Arnhem, The Netherlands
Tel.: +31 88 3770000
Email: [email protected] ; [email protected]
www.nvrd.nl (Key factors Dutch success)