erik offerman
DESCRIPTION
Ontwikkeling van slimme materialen voor de offshore industrieTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ontwikkeling van slimme materialen voor de offshore industrie
S. Erik OffermanS. Erik Offerman
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
19 September 2013
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
Materials 2013
![Page 2: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
3 billion more middle-class consumers in next 20 years
Energy
Materials
Food
19 September 2013 2
Driving up demand for a range of different resources Source: McKinsey report – Resource revolution (November 2011)
Food
Water
![Page 3: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Challenge: linkages
Solving one problem enhances the other problemDo it smart => Offshore?
19 September 2013 3
Source: Ester van der Voet et al. (2010), Leiden University
Do it smart => Offshore?
![Page 4: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Offshore resources of interest
• Oil & gas
• Wind
• Minerals• Minerals(mining)
Bron: Shell
![Page 5: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Trends offshore industry
• Further away
• Deeper
• Higher pressure• Higher pressure
• Hotter gasses/oil
• Harsher environments: Colder/Arctic environment
![Page 6: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Trends offshore industry (cont.)
• Safer
![Page 7: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Activities offshore industry
• Lifting
• Drilling
• Pipe laying• Pipe laying
• Construction
• Dredging
All Sea’s Pieter Schelte
![Page 8: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Material requirements
• Strong
• Ductile
• Though
• Affordable
• Available
• Weldable/joinable
![Page 9: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Material requirements continued
Resistance to:
• Corrosion
• Fatigue
• Wear• Wear
• Low temperature
• High Pressure
![Page 10: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Material requirements continued
Design criterion
Steel strong enough
Steel too weak
Resistance to: High temperature
Steel too weak
Critical temperature
![Page 11: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Microstructure <-> Mechanical Prop.
19 September 2013 11
M. Militzer, Science 298 (2002) 975.
50 µm
![Page 12: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Microstructure
• Chemical elements
• Phases
• Precipitates
19 September 2013 12
• Grain size
• Solid solution
• Dislocation networksS.E. Offerman, 305 Science (2004) 190.
![Page 13: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Microstructure Engineering
Design and production of microstuctures via
thermodynamic and kinetic simulations and
experimental validation
19 September 2013 13
experimental validation
![Page 14: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Austenite/ferrite transformation steel
M. Militzer et al., Acta Materialia 54 3961 (2006)
19 September 2013 14
3D phase field simulation
M. Militzer et al., Acta Materialia 54 3961 (2006)
![Page 15: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ferrite growth
19 September 2013 15
Hendrik Strandlund, KTH, Sweden
![Page 16: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Carbon concentration
19 September 2013 16
Hendrik Strandlund, KTH, Sweden
![Page 17: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaImproving fire-resistance steel
Gözde Dere et al.Scripta materialia (2013) 651.
![Page 18: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaMicrostructure 4 steel specimens
Without NbFast cooling
With NbSlow cooling
With NbIntermediateCooling rate
With NbFast cooling
![Page 19: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaMany low-angle grain boundaries for Nb & fast cooling
![Page 20: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaCompression test during heating
Strain
Strain
Temperature (°C)
![Page 21: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Steel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaSteel –GDP per capita vs consumption per capitaNb: +90°C & GB: +45°C
![Page 22: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Exact specimen temperature measurement
by welding a thermocouple to the specimen.
• Low interaction with X-rays.
In-situ characterization of microstructures in steel
Hemant Sharma et al.Acta Mater. (2012)
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
22
![Page 23: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
3D X-Ray Diffraction Microscope
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
Beam line ID11 @ European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Developed by DTU & ESRF
![Page 24: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Intensity →Volume
3DXRD
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
, ,spots grain grain grain
Position Orientation position strain→
Intensity
spots→Volume
grains
24
![Page 25: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
φ
φ
Φ1
2
y
Non-destructive characterization of 2281 grains
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
25
(a) (b)
x
y
![Page 26: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Modes of grain growth during fire
Mode No. Volume Rotation Mosaicity
I + + +
II + = +
III - + -
Vermelding onderdeel organisatie
26
IV - = -
V = + +
VI = + =
VII = = =
![Page 27: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Offshore industry is breaking fresh ground
• Novel materials are needed to enable innovation in the offshore industry
• Fundamental materials research opens the path to
Conclusions
19 September 2013 27
27
• Fundamental materials research opens the path to material innovation
![Page 28: Erik offerman](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042616/568c0faf1a28ab955a9509ca/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
TUD:Gozde Dere, Hemant Sharma, Richard Huizenga, Roumen Petrov, Jilt Sietsma, Pina Mecozzi,
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility: Jon Wright, Alexei Bytchkov
Acknowledgement
19 September 2013 28
28
Funding: STW
Support: Tata Steel, Ovako Wire B.V., and SKF