sustainability for human and social development
TRANSCRIPT
Department of Management StudiesIndian Institute of Science Bangalore
ByB Ashish Kumar
Bidyot Doley
OnSustainability
for Human amp Social Development
Contents
bull Human Development
bull Social Development
bull Human and Social Sustainability
bull Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull Key Priorities Areas in Human and Social Development
bull Key focus areas in Human and Social Sustainability
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human Development
Definition
bull Human development is a process of enlarging peoples choices In principle these choice can be infinite and change over time
bull But at all levels of development the three essential ones for people are to lead a long and healthy life to acquire knowledge and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living- UNDP HDR 1990
Measurement
bull The measurement of human development should focus on the three essential elements of human life- longevity knowledge and decent living standard
bull HDI is constructed taking an indicator for each of them namely- life expectancy at birth adult literacy rate and PPP adjusted real GNI per capita respectively- UNDP HDR 2014
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNDP United Nation Development Program
HDR Human Development Report
HDI Human Development Index
PPP Purchasing Power Parity
GNI Gross National Income
Human Development (contd)
Snapshots of HDI 2014 ndash UNDP HDR 2014
Rank HDI group HDI Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling
GNI per capita
HDI
Value (years) (years) (years) (2011 PPP $) Value
2013 2013 2012 2012 2013 2012
Very high 0890 802 117 163 40046 0889
High 0735 745 81 134 13231 0733
Medium 0614 679 55 117 5960 0612
Low 0493 594 42 90 2904 0490
135 India 0586 664 44 117 5150 0583
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Data refer to 2012 or the most recent year available
Social Development
Definition Social development is one that is concerned with processes of change that lead to improvements in human well-being social relations and social institutions and that are equitable sustainable and compatible with principles of democratic governance and social justice - UNRISD
Measurement
bull Social Development Index(SDI)
bull Social Progress Index(SPI)
bull Gender Inequality Index
bull Multidimensional Poverty Index
bull Maternal Mortality Ratio
bull Share of seats in national parliament
bull Labour force participation rate
bull Physician per 10000 people
bull Gini coefficient of inequality
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
Social Development (contd)
Snapshots of important indices of countries from different continents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPI Social Progress Index-httpwwwsocialprogressimperativeorgdataspidata_tablecountriesspidim1dim2dim3MPI Multidimensional Poverty Index- UNDP HDR 2014MMR Maternal Mortality Rate- UNDP HDR 2014Gender Inequality Index- UNDP HDR 2014Gini coefficient of Inequality- UNDP HDR 2014
Countries SPI Genderinequality index
MPI MMR(per 1000)
Gini coefficientOf inequality
2013 2010 2010 2003-2012
Norway 8712 068 - - - 7 258
USA 8277 262 - - - 21 408
China 5867 202 026 37 421
Brazil 6997 441 012 56 547
Egypt 5997 580 036 66 308
Australia 8610 113 - - - 7 - - -
India 5024 563 282 200 339
Human and Social Sustainability
bull Sustainability is to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs
bull The four main types of sustainability are human social economic and environmental It is important to specify which type of sustainability one is dealing with as they are all so different and should not be fused together although some overlap to a certain extent-Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment
Equity
Economy
Three Es of Sustainability
Human and Social Sustainability (contd)
bull Human sustainability means maintaining human capital Human capital is a private good of individuals rather than between individuals or societies
bull Investments in education health and nutrition of individuals have become accepted as part of economic development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank ldquoSustainability Human Social Economic and Environmentrdquo
bull Social sustainability means maintaining social capital Social capital is investments and services that create the basic framework for society
bull It lowers the cost of working together and facilitates cooperation trust lowers transaction costs
Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull 1st Earth Day celebrated on 22nd April 1970
bull First UN conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm Sweden 1972
bull UN establishes World Commission Report on Environment and Development 1983
bull Brundtland Commission Report 1987 proposed 3 components of SD
Environmental Protection
Economic growth
Social equity
Defined Sustainable Development ashellip
ldquoDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needsrdquo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SD Sustainable Development
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Contents
bull Human Development
bull Social Development
bull Human and Social Sustainability
bull Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull Key Priorities Areas in Human and Social Development
bull Key focus areas in Human and Social Sustainability
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Human Development
Definition
bull Human development is a process of enlarging peoples choices In principle these choice can be infinite and change over time
bull But at all levels of development the three essential ones for people are to lead a long and healthy life to acquire knowledge and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living- UNDP HDR 1990
Measurement
bull The measurement of human development should focus on the three essential elements of human life- longevity knowledge and decent living standard
bull HDI is constructed taking an indicator for each of them namely- life expectancy at birth adult literacy rate and PPP adjusted real GNI per capita respectively- UNDP HDR 2014
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNDP United Nation Development Program
HDR Human Development Report
HDI Human Development Index
PPP Purchasing Power Parity
GNI Gross National Income
Human Development (contd)
Snapshots of HDI 2014 ndash UNDP HDR 2014
Rank HDI group HDI Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling
GNI per capita
HDI
Value (years) (years) (years) (2011 PPP $) Value
2013 2013 2012 2012 2013 2012
Very high 0890 802 117 163 40046 0889
High 0735 745 81 134 13231 0733
Medium 0614 679 55 117 5960 0612
Low 0493 594 42 90 2904 0490
135 India 0586 664 44 117 5150 0583
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Data refer to 2012 or the most recent year available
Social Development
Definition Social development is one that is concerned with processes of change that lead to improvements in human well-being social relations and social institutions and that are equitable sustainable and compatible with principles of democratic governance and social justice - UNRISD
Measurement
bull Social Development Index(SDI)
bull Social Progress Index(SPI)
bull Gender Inequality Index
bull Multidimensional Poverty Index
bull Maternal Mortality Ratio
bull Share of seats in national parliament
bull Labour force participation rate
bull Physician per 10000 people
bull Gini coefficient of inequality
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
Social Development (contd)
Snapshots of important indices of countries from different continents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPI Social Progress Index-httpwwwsocialprogressimperativeorgdataspidata_tablecountriesspidim1dim2dim3MPI Multidimensional Poverty Index- UNDP HDR 2014MMR Maternal Mortality Rate- UNDP HDR 2014Gender Inequality Index- UNDP HDR 2014Gini coefficient of Inequality- UNDP HDR 2014
Countries SPI Genderinequality index
MPI MMR(per 1000)
Gini coefficientOf inequality
2013 2010 2010 2003-2012
Norway 8712 068 - - - 7 258
USA 8277 262 - - - 21 408
China 5867 202 026 37 421
Brazil 6997 441 012 56 547
Egypt 5997 580 036 66 308
Australia 8610 113 - - - 7 - - -
India 5024 563 282 200 339
Human and Social Sustainability
bull Sustainability is to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs
bull The four main types of sustainability are human social economic and environmental It is important to specify which type of sustainability one is dealing with as they are all so different and should not be fused together although some overlap to a certain extent-Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment
Equity
Economy
Three Es of Sustainability
Human and Social Sustainability (contd)
bull Human sustainability means maintaining human capital Human capital is a private good of individuals rather than between individuals or societies
bull Investments in education health and nutrition of individuals have become accepted as part of economic development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank ldquoSustainability Human Social Economic and Environmentrdquo
bull Social sustainability means maintaining social capital Social capital is investments and services that create the basic framework for society
bull It lowers the cost of working together and facilitates cooperation trust lowers transaction costs
Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull 1st Earth Day celebrated on 22nd April 1970
bull First UN conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm Sweden 1972
bull UN establishes World Commission Report on Environment and Development 1983
bull Brundtland Commission Report 1987 proposed 3 components of SD
Environmental Protection
Economic growth
Social equity
Defined Sustainable Development ashellip
ldquoDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needsrdquo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SD Sustainable Development
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Human Development
Definition
bull Human development is a process of enlarging peoples choices In principle these choice can be infinite and change over time
bull But at all levels of development the three essential ones for people are to lead a long and healthy life to acquire knowledge and to have access to resources needed for a decent standard of living- UNDP HDR 1990
Measurement
bull The measurement of human development should focus on the three essential elements of human life- longevity knowledge and decent living standard
bull HDI is constructed taking an indicator for each of them namely- life expectancy at birth adult literacy rate and PPP adjusted real GNI per capita respectively- UNDP HDR 2014
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
UNDP United Nation Development Program
HDR Human Development Report
HDI Human Development Index
PPP Purchasing Power Parity
GNI Gross National Income
Human Development (contd)
Snapshots of HDI 2014 ndash UNDP HDR 2014
Rank HDI group HDI Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling
GNI per capita
HDI
Value (years) (years) (years) (2011 PPP $) Value
2013 2013 2012 2012 2013 2012
Very high 0890 802 117 163 40046 0889
High 0735 745 81 134 13231 0733
Medium 0614 679 55 117 5960 0612
Low 0493 594 42 90 2904 0490
135 India 0586 664 44 117 5150 0583
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Data refer to 2012 or the most recent year available
Social Development
Definition Social development is one that is concerned with processes of change that lead to improvements in human well-being social relations and social institutions and that are equitable sustainable and compatible with principles of democratic governance and social justice - UNRISD
Measurement
bull Social Development Index(SDI)
bull Social Progress Index(SPI)
bull Gender Inequality Index
bull Multidimensional Poverty Index
bull Maternal Mortality Ratio
bull Share of seats in national parliament
bull Labour force participation rate
bull Physician per 10000 people
bull Gini coefficient of inequality
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
Social Development (contd)
Snapshots of important indices of countries from different continents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPI Social Progress Index-httpwwwsocialprogressimperativeorgdataspidata_tablecountriesspidim1dim2dim3MPI Multidimensional Poverty Index- UNDP HDR 2014MMR Maternal Mortality Rate- UNDP HDR 2014Gender Inequality Index- UNDP HDR 2014Gini coefficient of Inequality- UNDP HDR 2014
Countries SPI Genderinequality index
MPI MMR(per 1000)
Gini coefficientOf inequality
2013 2010 2010 2003-2012
Norway 8712 068 - - - 7 258
USA 8277 262 - - - 21 408
China 5867 202 026 37 421
Brazil 6997 441 012 56 547
Egypt 5997 580 036 66 308
Australia 8610 113 - - - 7 - - -
India 5024 563 282 200 339
Human and Social Sustainability
bull Sustainability is to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs
bull The four main types of sustainability are human social economic and environmental It is important to specify which type of sustainability one is dealing with as they are all so different and should not be fused together although some overlap to a certain extent-Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment
Equity
Economy
Three Es of Sustainability
Human and Social Sustainability (contd)
bull Human sustainability means maintaining human capital Human capital is a private good of individuals rather than between individuals or societies
bull Investments in education health and nutrition of individuals have become accepted as part of economic development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank ldquoSustainability Human Social Economic and Environmentrdquo
bull Social sustainability means maintaining social capital Social capital is investments and services that create the basic framework for society
bull It lowers the cost of working together and facilitates cooperation trust lowers transaction costs
Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull 1st Earth Day celebrated on 22nd April 1970
bull First UN conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm Sweden 1972
bull UN establishes World Commission Report on Environment and Development 1983
bull Brundtland Commission Report 1987 proposed 3 components of SD
Environmental Protection
Economic growth
Social equity
Defined Sustainable Development ashellip
ldquoDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needsrdquo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SD Sustainable Development
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Human Development (contd)
Snapshots of HDI 2014 ndash UNDP HDR 2014
Rank HDI group HDI Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling
GNI per capita
HDI
Value (years) (years) (years) (2011 PPP $) Value
2013 2013 2012 2012 2013 2012
Very high 0890 802 117 163 40046 0889
High 0735 745 81 134 13231 0733
Medium 0614 679 55 117 5960 0612
Low 0493 594 42 90 2904 0490
135 India 0586 664 44 117 5150 0583
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Data refer to 2012 or the most recent year available
Social Development
Definition Social development is one that is concerned with processes of change that lead to improvements in human well-being social relations and social institutions and that are equitable sustainable and compatible with principles of democratic governance and social justice - UNRISD
Measurement
bull Social Development Index(SDI)
bull Social Progress Index(SPI)
bull Gender Inequality Index
bull Multidimensional Poverty Index
bull Maternal Mortality Ratio
bull Share of seats in national parliament
bull Labour force participation rate
bull Physician per 10000 people
bull Gini coefficient of inequality
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
Social Development (contd)
Snapshots of important indices of countries from different continents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPI Social Progress Index-httpwwwsocialprogressimperativeorgdataspidata_tablecountriesspidim1dim2dim3MPI Multidimensional Poverty Index- UNDP HDR 2014MMR Maternal Mortality Rate- UNDP HDR 2014Gender Inequality Index- UNDP HDR 2014Gini coefficient of Inequality- UNDP HDR 2014
Countries SPI Genderinequality index
MPI MMR(per 1000)
Gini coefficientOf inequality
2013 2010 2010 2003-2012
Norway 8712 068 - - - 7 258
USA 8277 262 - - - 21 408
China 5867 202 026 37 421
Brazil 6997 441 012 56 547
Egypt 5997 580 036 66 308
Australia 8610 113 - - - 7 - - -
India 5024 563 282 200 339
Human and Social Sustainability
bull Sustainability is to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs
bull The four main types of sustainability are human social economic and environmental It is important to specify which type of sustainability one is dealing with as they are all so different and should not be fused together although some overlap to a certain extent-Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment
Equity
Economy
Three Es of Sustainability
Human and Social Sustainability (contd)
bull Human sustainability means maintaining human capital Human capital is a private good of individuals rather than between individuals or societies
bull Investments in education health and nutrition of individuals have become accepted as part of economic development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank ldquoSustainability Human Social Economic and Environmentrdquo
bull Social sustainability means maintaining social capital Social capital is investments and services that create the basic framework for society
bull It lowers the cost of working together and facilitates cooperation trust lowers transaction costs
Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull 1st Earth Day celebrated on 22nd April 1970
bull First UN conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm Sweden 1972
bull UN establishes World Commission Report on Environment and Development 1983
bull Brundtland Commission Report 1987 proposed 3 components of SD
Environmental Protection
Economic growth
Social equity
Defined Sustainable Development ashellip
ldquoDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needsrdquo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SD Sustainable Development
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social Development
Definition Social development is one that is concerned with processes of change that lead to improvements in human well-being social relations and social institutions and that are equitable sustainable and compatible with principles of democratic governance and social justice - UNRISD
Measurement
bull Social Development Index(SDI)
bull Social Progress Index(SPI)
bull Gender Inequality Index
bull Multidimensional Poverty Index
bull Maternal Mortality Ratio
bull Share of seats in national parliament
bull Labour force participation rate
bull Physician per 10000 people
bull Gini coefficient of inequality
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
Social Development (contd)
Snapshots of important indices of countries from different continents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPI Social Progress Index-httpwwwsocialprogressimperativeorgdataspidata_tablecountriesspidim1dim2dim3MPI Multidimensional Poverty Index- UNDP HDR 2014MMR Maternal Mortality Rate- UNDP HDR 2014Gender Inequality Index- UNDP HDR 2014Gini coefficient of Inequality- UNDP HDR 2014
Countries SPI Genderinequality index
MPI MMR(per 1000)
Gini coefficientOf inequality
2013 2010 2010 2003-2012
Norway 8712 068 - - - 7 258
USA 8277 262 - - - 21 408
China 5867 202 026 37 421
Brazil 6997 441 012 56 547
Egypt 5997 580 036 66 308
Australia 8610 113 - - - 7 - - -
India 5024 563 282 200 339
Human and Social Sustainability
bull Sustainability is to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs
bull The four main types of sustainability are human social economic and environmental It is important to specify which type of sustainability one is dealing with as they are all so different and should not be fused together although some overlap to a certain extent-Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment
Equity
Economy
Three Es of Sustainability
Human and Social Sustainability (contd)
bull Human sustainability means maintaining human capital Human capital is a private good of individuals rather than between individuals or societies
bull Investments in education health and nutrition of individuals have become accepted as part of economic development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank ldquoSustainability Human Social Economic and Environmentrdquo
bull Social sustainability means maintaining social capital Social capital is investments and services that create the basic framework for society
bull It lowers the cost of working together and facilitates cooperation trust lowers transaction costs
Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull 1st Earth Day celebrated on 22nd April 1970
bull First UN conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm Sweden 1972
bull UN establishes World Commission Report on Environment and Development 1983
bull Brundtland Commission Report 1987 proposed 3 components of SD
Environmental Protection
Economic growth
Social equity
Defined Sustainable Development ashellip
ldquoDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needsrdquo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SD Sustainable Development
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social Development (contd)
Snapshots of important indices of countries from different continents
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SPI Social Progress Index-httpwwwsocialprogressimperativeorgdataspidata_tablecountriesspidim1dim2dim3MPI Multidimensional Poverty Index- UNDP HDR 2014MMR Maternal Mortality Rate- UNDP HDR 2014Gender Inequality Index- UNDP HDR 2014Gini coefficient of Inequality- UNDP HDR 2014
Countries SPI Genderinequality index
MPI MMR(per 1000)
Gini coefficientOf inequality
2013 2010 2010 2003-2012
Norway 8712 068 - - - 7 258
USA 8277 262 - - - 21 408
China 5867 202 026 37 421
Brazil 6997 441 012 56 547
Egypt 5997 580 036 66 308
Australia 8610 113 - - - 7 - - -
India 5024 563 282 200 339
Human and Social Sustainability
bull Sustainability is to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs
bull The four main types of sustainability are human social economic and environmental It is important to specify which type of sustainability one is dealing with as they are all so different and should not be fused together although some overlap to a certain extent-Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment
Equity
Economy
Three Es of Sustainability
Human and Social Sustainability (contd)
bull Human sustainability means maintaining human capital Human capital is a private good of individuals rather than between individuals or societies
bull Investments in education health and nutrition of individuals have become accepted as part of economic development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank ldquoSustainability Human Social Economic and Environmentrdquo
bull Social sustainability means maintaining social capital Social capital is investments and services that create the basic framework for society
bull It lowers the cost of working together and facilitates cooperation trust lowers transaction costs
Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull 1st Earth Day celebrated on 22nd April 1970
bull First UN conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm Sweden 1972
bull UN establishes World Commission Report on Environment and Development 1983
bull Brundtland Commission Report 1987 proposed 3 components of SD
Environmental Protection
Economic growth
Social equity
Defined Sustainable Development ashellip
ldquoDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needsrdquo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SD Sustainable Development
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Human and Social Sustainability
bull Sustainability is to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their needs
bull The four main types of sustainability are human social economic and environmental It is important to specify which type of sustainability one is dealing with as they are all so different and should not be fused together although some overlap to a certain extent-Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Environment
Equity
Economy
Three Es of Sustainability
Human and Social Sustainability (contd)
bull Human sustainability means maintaining human capital Human capital is a private good of individuals rather than between individuals or societies
bull Investments in education health and nutrition of individuals have become accepted as part of economic development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank ldquoSustainability Human Social Economic and Environmentrdquo
bull Social sustainability means maintaining social capital Social capital is investments and services that create the basic framework for society
bull It lowers the cost of working together and facilitates cooperation trust lowers transaction costs
Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull 1st Earth Day celebrated on 22nd April 1970
bull First UN conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm Sweden 1972
bull UN establishes World Commission Report on Environment and Development 1983
bull Brundtland Commission Report 1987 proposed 3 components of SD
Environmental Protection
Economic growth
Social equity
Defined Sustainable Development ashellip
ldquoDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needsrdquo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SD Sustainable Development
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Human and Social Sustainability (contd)
bull Human sustainability means maintaining human capital Human capital is a private good of individuals rather than between individuals or societies
bull Investments in education health and nutrition of individuals have become accepted as part of economic development
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Robert Goodland (2002) World Bank ldquoSustainability Human Social Economic and Environmentrdquo
bull Social sustainability means maintaining social capital Social capital is investments and services that create the basic framework for society
bull It lowers the cost of working together and facilitates cooperation trust lowers transaction costs
Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull 1st Earth Day celebrated on 22nd April 1970
bull First UN conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm Sweden 1972
bull UN establishes World Commission Report on Environment and Development 1983
bull Brundtland Commission Report 1987 proposed 3 components of SD
Environmental Protection
Economic growth
Social equity
Defined Sustainable Development ashellip
ldquoDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needsrdquo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SD Sustainable Development
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Evolution of Sustainable Development
bull 1st Earth Day celebrated on 22nd April 1970
bull First UN conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm Sweden 1972
bull UN establishes World Commission Report on Environment and Development 1983
bull Brundtland Commission Report 1987 proposed 3 components of SD
Environmental Protection
Economic growth
Social equity
Defined Sustainable Development ashellip
ldquoDevelopment that meets the needs of the present without compromisingthe ability of future generations to meet their own needsrdquo
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SD Sustainable Development
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Evolution of Sustainable Development (contd)
bull Rio Earth Summit 1992
Over 178 participating governments
27 principles that express the rights and responsibilities of nations as they pursuehuman development and well-being
bull Third UN conference on Environment and Development Johannesburg South Africa2002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development
bull The 2013 HDR revealed that more than 40 developing countriesmdashwith the majority of the worldrsquos populationmdashhad greater HDI gains than would have been predicted given their situation in 1990
bull Multidimensional poverty has been considerably reduced though wide variation across countries and regions remains
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Source UNDP HDR 2014
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull The 2013 HDR found a negative relationship between inequality and human development Inequality reduces the pace of human development and can even bring it to a halt
bull Women experience many kinds of disadvantage and discrimination in health education and employment
bull Globally women are disadvantaged in national political representation
bull Poor reproductive health services are a major contributor to gender inequality especially in developing countries
bull The deficits in education are wide as well
bull Natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull Food price volatility has become a growing threat to food security and thus to human development
bull Violent conflict In addition to the loss of lives they destroy livelihoods generate insecurity and disrupt social services institutions and markets
bull Conflicts can also cause large population displacements
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Present Scenario of Human and Social Development (contd)
bull According to the MPI which was introduced in the 2010 HDR to measure deprivations in the three HDI dimensionsmdashhealth education and living standardsmdash22 billion people live in multidimensional poverty or near-poverty
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------MPI Multidimensional Poverty IndexUNDESA United Nation Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability
bull Poverty alleviation UN identified poverty as the ldquogreatest threat to political stabilitysocial cohesion and environmental health of the planetrdquo [UNDP Report 1994]
bull Poverty is both caused and exacerbated by the unequal distribution of land as well asother resources
bull Poverty can be addressed by various forms of local economic development payingadequate wages and providing associated benefits
bull Progressive Income Tax
bull Govt can help individuals acquire skills for paid employment
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A combination of actions
Directed Aid
Reformations of financial institutions
Investment in education health and sanitation
( esp Women)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
bull Features
ndash Banking facilities
ndash Overdraft facility
ndash Direct benefit transfer
ndash Mobile banking transfer
ndash Accidental andLife insurance (Rs 30000- and 1 lac respectively)
ndash RuPay debit card
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
125 Cr accounts 1107 Cr debit card 1049 k Cr deposited 310115
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Poverty alleviation (contd)
bull Subsidies and free handouts (food grains-TVs)
bull These are relief measures and quick fixes to settle pressing issues
bull Create dependency on external sources
bull Is this a Sustainable Solution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social investment
it is a prerequisite for economic development a vibrant economy requires a healthy and educatedworkforce
A Health
Publicly funded medical care system
Paternal and postnatal care
B Education and Skill development
Higher levels of Education
Enhanced Worker Productivity
Ability to generate Higher Income
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social Investment (contd) NSDC
bull National Skill Development Corporation
bull To encourage skill development for youth by providing monetary reward for successful completionof approved training programme
bull Increasing productivity and standardization of existing workforce
Relevant Statistics (Dated 15022015)
Enrolled 1400 417
Trained 1400413
Assessment Completed 1358561
Passed 909207
Citified 773413
Reward Processed 708274
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study
bull Gram Tarang Employability Training Services Pvt Ltd
bull Partner Cotton Blossom Tirpur Tamil Nadu
bull Training Content Partner NIFT
bull Skill Development Sewing Machine Operator
bull The apparel industry grew at 447 YY (Revenue for 2014)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Bringing together 3 factors
Larger no of poor unskilled youth with limited education (48 girls and 12 boys)
Large gap between need and availability of skilled manpower in the industry
Need for higher standards of efficiency and productivity
bull Beneficiary Selection
Mobilization of BPL families from remote parts of Odisha through Job Melas and wellmanaged team of field workers
Region infested by chronic unemployment and extremist violence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------BPL Below Poverty Line
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social Investment (contd) NSDC case study (contd)
bull Duration
2 months- Fully residential training
1 month- OJT (8 hrday)
bull Placement
The trainees are now working at Cotton Blossom 5K pm
bull Social Impact
Sustainable livelihood
Increase in household income
Improve socio-economic status of entire house holds
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------OJT On Job Training
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social Investment (Contd) Loni PURA case study
bull Location Ahmednagar district Maharashtra India
bull Asiarsquos 1st sugar cooperative farm
bull Institutional workshops involving teachers
bull Concept of Nirmal Goan
bull Rehabilitation and improvement of lives of widows
bull Women volunteers- ldquoFemale Health Volunteersrdquo ldquoTraditional Birth Attendantsrdquo
bull Shakthi+
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PURA Providing Urban amenities in Rural Areas
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Social Investment (Contd) Low Capacity-Low Income Trap
bull The approach to Sustainable Development has to go beyond creating income
Capacity Building
Quality Education
Health Care
Skilled Workforce
Access to Information
Entrepreneurial Opportunity
Productive HoursDay
Higher Income
Savings
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Energy security
bull IEA defines energy security as the uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordableprice
bull The modern world relies on a vast energy supply to fuel everything from transportation tocommunication to security and health delivery systems
bull India is traditionally based on fossil fuels (oil coal and natural gas) and this fact leads toconclusion that only the adequate supply of fossil fuels can guarantee future energy security
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Impending oil shortages should be an incentive to make radical investments and develop renewable
energy
In this way the decline in greenhouse gas
emissions would reduce the risk of catastrophic
climate change
Likelihood of conflicts over diminishing oil and gas resources would be
minimised
The bigger percentage of renewable energy sources in countrys energy portfolio also meansimproved energy independence
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
CENTRAL STATISTICS OFFICE NATIONAL STATISTICAL ORGANISATIONMINISTRY OF STATISTICS AND PROGRAMME IMPLEMENTATION
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Energy security contd Dividing the total primary energy supply of a country by its energy production gives an indication on the
level of self-sufficiency (or dependency) of a country The total primary energy supply (TPES) in India in 2007 was estimated at 594 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) and net imports of energy at 150 Mtoe by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Safe and caring communities
bull ldquoHuman Well-Beingrdquo is a concept that reflects all of economic social cultural and ecologicalaspects of our lives
Components Variable(s)
Economic Access to employment opportunities for income job satisfaction
Social Access to education health sense of belongingness
Cultural Sense of identity ease of participation in cultural events
Ecological Health of ecosystems availability of fresh water
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Safe and caring communities (contd)
bull Citizensrsquo Engagement is paramount through institutions such as schools clubs and environmentalgroups for community problem solving
bull Ex Conflict resolution in case of social unrest or lockdown
bull Deliberation entails careful weighing of options and involves face-face discussion to seekappropriate solutions
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Safe and caring communities (contd) SGP case study
bull Background
Industrial relations in SGP in 1950-60s were confrontational
Poor working condition
Poor investment climate high stagnation high unemployment SOCIAL UNREST
Independence 1965
Economic situation worsened by the withdrawal of British Forces
Challenge- Adversarial climate
Cooperative Climate
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SGP Singapore
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Safe and caring communities case study
bullTripartite partnership approach with the Govt as facilitator
bullThe stakeholders - Government Trade Unions and Employers
bullThis provided a consultative platform for industrial relations issues
bullAll this contributed for business growth and efficiency improvement in working conditions andemployment opportunities
bullSGP has enjoyed several decades of sustained industrial harmony
bullThe strong tripartite has emerged as a strong team in wake of SARS crisis of 2003
bull Take Away ldquoCollaboration and NOT Confrontationrdquo
Key Priority Areas in Sustainability(contd)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Example Prince Edward Island (Canadian Province)
bull Promise of Inclusion
ldquoThey community committed to the principles of inclusion- accepting differences promoting quality and respect for the dignity of all people and taking personal
and community responsibilityrdquo
bull Received ample support from National CrimePrevention Center
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability
bull Equity Early ideas of equity postulated that individuals should be rewarded according to their contribution to society
bull Used interchangeably with fairness equity has come to refer primarily to distributive justicemdashthat is unjust inequalities between people
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2011 Sustainability and Equity page 18 amp 20
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Participation Participation means that people are closely involved in the economic social cultural and political processes that affect their lives
bull People can participate as individuals or as groups
bull Participation in economic terms social terms and in political terms
bull Mobility The world distribution of opportunities is extremely unequal This inequality is a key driver of human movement and thus implies that movement has a huge potential for improving human development
bull Larger numbers of people in both destination and source places are affected by the movement of others through flows of money knowledge and ideas
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 1993 ldquoPeoplersquos Participationrdquo page 21Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo pages 8 amp 9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2009 ldquoOvercoming Barrier Human Mobility and developmentrdquo page 23
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
bull Reducing vulnerability and building resilience Vulnerability threatens human developmentmdashand unless it is systematically addressed by changing policies and social norms progress will be neither equitable nor sustainable
bull Hundreds of millions of poor marginalize otherwise disadvantaged people remain unusually vulnerable
bull If not systematically identified and reduced these chronic vulnerabilities could jeopardize the sustainability of human development progress for decades to come
bull Shocks from multiple causes are inevitable and often unpredictable but human vulnerability can be reduced with more-responsive states better public policies and changes in social norms
bull Life cycle vulnerability structural vulnerability and insecure lives are fundamental sources of persistent deprivationmdashand must be addressed for human development to be secured and for progress to be sustained
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 10 amp 19
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
bull The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change defines resilience as the ldquoability of a system and its component parts to anticipate absorb accommodate or recover from the effects of a hazardous event in a timely and efficient mannerrdquo
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 16 amp 26
Key Focus Areas in Sustainability(contd)
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
Disaster resilience Japanrsquos Experience
bull In 2011 a powerful earthquake off the east coast of Japan triggered large tsunami waves that killed more than 15000 people and caused extensive damage to economic and social infrastructure It also led to a nuclear disaster in Fukushima
bull Japanrsquos early warning system prevented a much larger death toll As soon as seismic activity was detected alerts were broadcast by television radio and mobile phone networks
bull This enabled many people to prepare and mitigate the impact such as moving to higher ground while the countryrsquos rail network and factories quickly came to a haltmdashthus avoiding greater damage
bull Emergency sirens clearly marked evacuation routes and public education programmes were also critical in saving lives
bull Strict building codes ensured that tall buildings withstood the earthquake while forested green belts and concrete barriers provided some protection against the tsunami
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Refer UNDP HDR 2014 ldquo page 78
90 $210B
10km
40km
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you