Susan Headley, RN

Ferris State University

Image retrieved from Google

1. The participant will gain an understanding of the prevalence and contributing factors of childhood poverty in America.

*Evaluation measured by discussion board postings related to article posting and seminar presentation.

2. The participant will identify the health risks related to poverty and nursing responsibility related to practice change

*Evaluation measured by participant’s ability to verbalize health risks and possible professional actions related to poverty.

Baseline assessment of

knowledge and assumptions

http://halfinten.org/issues/articles/how-much-do-you-really-know-about-poverty-2011/

(Half in Ten Website, n.d.)

*Income

*Poverty threshold $22,314 for family of four

*Poverty Guidelines

*US Rates

*Highest poverty rate since 1959

*Race

*Poverty shows no discrimination

(National Poverty Center, n.d.) (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, & Smith, 2011)

(Michigan League for Public Policy Website, n.d.) (National Poverty Center, n.d.)

Children Under 18 Living in Poverty 2010

Category Number (in thousands) Percent

All children under 18 16,401 22

White only, non-Hispanic 5,002 12.4

Black 4,817 38.2

Hispanic 6,110 35

Asian 547 13.6

(National Poverty Center, n.d.)

The Vulnerable Populations Conceptual Model

*Insurance

and Access

to Care

Image retrieved from http://facts.kff.org/chart.aspx?ch=485

*State Funded Programs

*Medicaid

*CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program)

*”Safety Net” Providers

*Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

*expands Medicaid coverage starting in 2014

*Cognitive

*Emotional /Social

*Safety Issues

*Physical

*Mental health issues

Image from http://www.scientificamerican.com (Moore, Redd, Burkhauser, Mbwana, & Collins, 2009)

Jenna, a 6 year old asthmatic was admitted to our pediatric floor with an acute exacerbation. This was her 3rd admission this year. Jenna lives with her mother and 2 younger siblings. Jenna’s mother has a 4th grade education and speaks /understands minimal English. The family currently lives with mother’s boyfriend who smokes. There is one running vehicle, and Jenna’s mother has a job that she will lose if she accrues any more sick days. Jenna was sent to the hospital by the school nurse. Mom has no transportation to take her to the ER, so her arrival and social assessment is delayed until that evening when mom can get a ride to the hospital.

The nurse case manager discovered that after her last hospitalization, Jenna did not show for her follow up appointment. The only medication she had was a rescue inhaler.

A case conference was held with mother, pediatrician, case manager, and social worker. The physician was threatening to contact child protective services. At the urging of the nurse case manager, a thorough assessment of mother’s health literacy was completed.

(MacLeod, 2007)

Image retrieved from http://www.stress-management-for-peak-performance.com/general-adaptation-syndrome.html

Image retrieved from http://nursingtheories.blogspot.com/2009/07/queen-who-is-king.html

(Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Website, n.d.)

(Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Website, n.d.)

*Teamwork and Collaboration

Interdisciplinary

*Patient Centered Care Patient as partner

*Safety Reduce risk of harm

*Quality Improvement

Use of measures to assess change

*Evidence Based Practice

*Informatics

Use of communication for care coordination

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*Standard 7: Ethics *Code of Ethics:

*Provision One: *All human beings have worth and are due respect *Protect the vulnerable in our society

*Provision Three: *Advocate *Protect health and safety

*Standard 12: Leadership *Communication *Autonomy and accountability *Healthcare Policy

(American Nurses Association, 2010)

*Standard 13: Collaboration

*Consumer

*Conflict Management

*Team Work

(American Nurses Association, 2010)

*Participation

*Advocacy

*Community Care

*Monitoring

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*Federal

*National Center for Children in Poverty

www.hhpff.org/resources

*Children’s Defense Fund

www.childrensdefense.org

*State

*Michigan League for Public Policy

www.milhs.org

*Kids Count Michigan

www.michiganschildren.org

*Local

*Access of West Michigan

www.accessofwest michigan.org

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*Relative Risk Exposure

-How can nurses assist in risk reduction?

*Resource Availability

-Be aware of who in your practice setting would have the most current list of community resources.

*Raise Awareness

-How can we interrupt this chain of vulnerability?

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(Bekemeier & Butterfield, 2005) (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2010) Image retrieved from Google

Alliance for health care reform. (n.d.). http://www.allhealth.org/sourcebookcontent.asp?CHID=122

American Nurses Association. (2010). Guide to the code of ethics for nurses. Silver Springs, MD: Nursesbooks.

American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing’s social policy statement (3rd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: Nursesbooks.

Bekemeier, B., & Butterfield, P. (2005). Unreconciled inconsistencies a critical review of the concept of social justice in 3 national nursing documents. Advances in Nursing Science, 28(2), 152-162. Retrieved from http://0-ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.libcat.ferris.edu/sp-3.6.0b/ovidweb.cgi

DeNavas-Walt, C., Proctor, B. D., & Smith, J. C. (2011). Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2011 (p60-243). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.

Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). HHS action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities [Action Plan]. Retrieved from Health and Human Services Website: http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf

Half in Ten Website. (n.d.). http://halfinten.org/

International Council of Nurses. ICN on poverty and health: breaking the link. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/fact_sheets/10d_FS-Poverty_Health.pdf

MacLeod, S. A. (2007). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html

Michigan League for Public Policy Website. (n.d.). http://www.milhs.org/poverty-up-income-down-fewer-uninsured

Moore, K. A., Redd, Z., Burkhauser, M., Mbwana, K., & Collins, A. (2009). Children in poverty: trends, consequences, and policy options (Report No.2009-11). Retrieved from http://www.childtrends.org/files/child_trends-2009_04_07_rb_childreninpoverty.pdf

National Poverty Center. (n.d.). http://www.npc.umich.edu/poverty/

Pender, N., Murdaugh, C., & Parsons, M. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Website. (n.d.). http://www.qsen.org/

The Henry J Kaiser family Foundation Website. (n.d.). http://www.kff.org

Wilson, M. (Ed.). (2009). Poverty. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.

Wood, D. (2003, September 1). Effect of child and family poverty on child health in the United States. Pediatrics, 112, 707-711. Retrieved from http://www.pediatricsdigest.mobi/content/112/Supplement_3/707