1. The participant will gain an understanding of the prevalence and contributing factors of childhood poverty in America.
*Evaluation measured by discussion board postings related to article posting and seminar presentation.
2. The participant will identify the health risks related to poverty and nursing responsibility related to practice change
*Evaluation measured by participant’s ability to verbalize health risks and possible professional actions related to poverty.
Baseline assessment of
knowledge and assumptions
http://halfinten.org/issues/articles/how-much-do-you-really-know-about-poverty-2011/
(Half in Ten Website, n.d.)
*Income
*Poverty threshold $22,314 for family of four
*Poverty Guidelines
*US Rates
*Highest poverty rate since 1959
*Race
*Poverty shows no discrimination
(National Poverty Center, n.d.) (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, & Smith, 2011)
Children Under 18 Living in Poverty 2010
Category Number (in thousands) Percent
All children under 18 16,401 22
White only, non-Hispanic 5,002 12.4
Black 4,817 38.2
Hispanic 6,110 35
Asian 547 13.6
(National Poverty Center, n.d.)
*State Funded Programs
*Medicaid
*CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program)
*”Safety Net” Providers
*Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
*expands Medicaid coverage starting in 2014
*Cognitive
*Emotional /Social
*Safety Issues
*Physical
*Mental health issues
Image from http://www.scientificamerican.com (Moore, Redd, Burkhauser, Mbwana, & Collins, 2009)
Jenna, a 6 year old asthmatic was admitted to our pediatric floor with an acute exacerbation. This was her 3rd admission this year. Jenna lives with her mother and 2 younger siblings. Jenna’s mother has a 4th grade education and speaks /understands minimal English. The family currently lives with mother’s boyfriend who smokes. There is one running vehicle, and Jenna’s mother has a job that she will lose if she accrues any more sick days. Jenna was sent to the hospital by the school nurse. Mom has no transportation to take her to the ER, so her arrival and social assessment is delayed until that evening when mom can get a ride to the hospital.
The nurse case manager discovered that after her last hospitalization, Jenna did not show for her follow up appointment. The only medication she had was a rescue inhaler.
A case conference was held with mother, pediatrician, case manager, and social worker. The physician was threatening to contact child protective services. At the urging of the nurse case manager, a thorough assessment of mother’s health literacy was completed.
Image retrieved from http://www.stress-management-for-peak-performance.com/general-adaptation-syndrome.html
(Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Website, n.d.)
*Teamwork and Collaboration
Interdisciplinary
*Patient Centered Care Patient as partner
*Safety Reduce risk of harm
*Quality Improvement
Use of measures to assess change
*Evidence Based Practice
*Informatics
Use of communication for care coordination
Image retrieved from Google
*Standard 7: Ethics *Code of Ethics:
*Provision One: *All human beings have worth and are due respect *Protect the vulnerable in our society
*Provision Three: *Advocate *Protect health and safety
*Standard 12: Leadership *Communication *Autonomy and accountability *Healthcare Policy
(American Nurses Association, 2010)
*Standard 13: Collaboration
*Consumer
*Conflict Management
*Team Work
(American Nurses Association, 2010)
*Federal
*National Center for Children in Poverty
www.hhpff.org/resources
*Children’s Defense Fund
www.childrensdefense.org
*State
*Michigan League for Public Policy
www.milhs.org
*Kids Count Michigan
www.michiganschildren.org
*Local
*Access of West Michigan
www.accessofwest michigan.org
Image retrieved from Google
*Relative Risk Exposure
-How can nurses assist in risk reduction?
*Resource Availability
-Be aware of who in your practice setting would have the most current list of community resources.
*Raise Awareness
-How can we interrupt this chain of vulnerability?
Image retrieved from Google
(Bekemeier & Butterfield, 2005) (American Nurses Association [ANA], 2010) Image retrieved from Google
Alliance for health care reform. (n.d.). http://www.allhealth.org/sourcebookcontent.asp?CHID=122
American Nurses Association. (2010). Guide to the code of ethics for nurses. Silver Springs, MD: Nursesbooks.
American Nurses Association. (2010). Nursing’s social policy statement (3rd ed.). Silver Spring, MD: Nursesbooks.
Bekemeier, B., & Butterfield, P. (2005). Unreconciled inconsistencies a critical review of the concept of social justice in 3 national nursing documents. Advances in Nursing Science, 28(2), 152-162. Retrieved from http://0-ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.libcat.ferris.edu/sp-3.6.0b/ovidweb.cgi
DeNavas-Walt, C., Proctor, B. D., & Smith, J. C. (2011). Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the United States: 2011 (p60-243). Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). HHS action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities [Action Plan]. Retrieved from Health and Human Services Website: http://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/npa/files/Plans/HHS/HHS_Plan_complete.pdf
Half in Ten Website. (n.d.). http://halfinten.org/
International Council of Nurses. ICN on poverty and health: breaking the link. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.icn.ch/images/stories/documents/publications/fact_sheets/10d_FS-Poverty_Health.pdf
MacLeod, S. A. (2007). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
Michigan League for Public Policy Website. (n.d.). http://www.milhs.org/poverty-up-income-down-fewer-uninsured
Moore, K. A., Redd, Z., Burkhauser, M., Mbwana, K., & Collins, A. (2009). Children in poverty: trends, consequences, and policy options (Report No.2009-11). Retrieved from http://www.childtrends.org/files/child_trends-2009_04_07_rb_childreninpoverty.pdf
National Poverty Center. (n.d.). http://www.npc.umich.edu/poverty/
Pender, N., Murdaugh, C., & Parsons, M. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses Website. (n.d.). http://www.qsen.org/
The Henry J Kaiser family Foundation Website. (n.d.). http://www.kff.org
Wilson, M. (Ed.). (2009). Poverty. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.
Wood, D. (2003, September 1). Effect of child and family poverty on child health in the United States. Pediatrics, 112, 707-711. Retrieved from http://www.pediatricsdigest.mobi/content/112/Supplement_3/707