survey of cost of production of raw cotton · survey of cost of production of raw cotton...

Doc. 13

SURVEY OF COST OF PRODUCTION

OF RAW COTTON

NOVEMBER 1975

34th Plenary Meeting of the

International Cotton Advisory Committee

Abidjan, Ivory Coast

THIS DOCUMENT AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH ONLY

SURVEY OF COST OF PRODUCTION OF RAW COTTON

Introduction

During the past three years, and since the ICAC's last survey on cotton production cost in 1972, the cost of pro-ducing cotton has significantly increased. In the after-math of the energy crisis of 1973, inflation rates and consequently the cost of most agricultural inputs, notably fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals, have been well above their earlier levels.

This document updates the ICAC's Document 13 of the 31st Plenary Meeting (Survey of Cost of Production of Raw Cotton) and is based on replies to a questionnaire which was sent out by the Secretariat to cotton producing countries.

The Secretariat acknowledges with appreciation the co-operation of the various member and non-member countries which made this survey possible.

Replies to the questionnaire received from the following countries:

Page

Angola ............... 1

Australia ............... 2 & 3

Colombia ............... 4 & 5

Ecuador ............... 6 Egypt ............... 7

El Salvador .............. 8 Greece ............... 9 Honduras ............... 10

India ............... 11, 12 & 13

Iran ............... 14

Israel ............... 15

Italy ............... 16

Ivory Coast ............. 17

Kenya ............... 18

Malawi ............... 19 Mexico ............... 20, 21 & 22

Morocco ............... 23 Nicaragua ............... 24 Pakistan ............... 25 Paraguay ............... 26 Spain ............... 27 Sudan ............... 28 Syria ............... 29 Turkey ............... 30 & 31

United States ............. 32, 33, 34 & 35

Upper Volta ............. 36

CountryANGOLA

Crop year 1974/75

Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton

In major producing zones

National Average Average average producer ii producer j

600 1,750

US $ per hectare

Item

Yield used (kilos per hectare) . (Seed cotton)

On farm direct costs

Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)

Subtotal .........

Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)

Subtotal .........

Off farm direct costs

Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify)

Subtotal

Total direct costs ........

Overhead costs:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify)

TOTAL COSTS ......

1/ Semi-arid zone. 2/ Sub-humid zone.

73.30 135.50 113.30 143.96

5.00 4.00

58.28 85.92

249.88 369.38

54.00 104.00

54.00 104.00

7.20 28.00 18.24 53.20

25.44 81.20

87.32 128.48

10.53 21.54

427. 17 704.60

Country AUSTRALIA

Crop year 1973/74


Z

In major producing zones 1/

National Average Above average average producer producer

1,057

US$perhectare

Item

Yield used (kilos per hectare) .

Onfarmdirectcosts

Preharvesting Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)

Subtotal .........


Subtotal .........

Offfarmdirectcosts


Subtotal


Overheadcosts:


140.00 220.00 16.00 27.00 27. 00

140- 00 20.00 48.00 8.00

646.00

93.00 77.00

170.00

16.00 140.00

156.00

972-00

97.00

TOTAL COSTS ...... 1,069.00

1/ In the State of New South Wales

3

Country AUSTRALIA

Crop year 1973/74


Item In major producing zones LI National Average Above average average I producer I producer


Onfarmdirectcosts

Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify) Fuel

Subtotal .........

Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment; ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify) Fuel

Subtotal .........

Offfarmdirectcosts

Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Storage,marketing administrationatginnery

Subtotal


Overheadcosts:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Insurance

Rates Sundry Depreciation

TOTAL COSTS.

1/ In the State of Queensland

I 1,000 I 1,300

US$perhectare

17.00 50.00 8.00

23.00 13.00

112.00 7.00

33.00 33.00 17.00

313.00

10.00 28.00

5.00

43.00

32.00 178.00

154.00 364.00

720.00

100.00

14.00 14.00 8.00

204.00 1. 060.00


Average Above average producer producer

1,500 1,800

US $ per hectare

6.33 6.33 47.16 66.66 23.33 23.33

193.50 193.50

2.00 16.66 32.63 32.63 20.66 20.66 40.63 40.63

366.24 400.40

4

Country Colombia

Crop year 1974/75

Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton 1/

Item National average

Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . • • 1,650


Preharvesting: - - Power and equipment --

6.33

Labor ................

56. 91 23.33

Fertilizer ............ Herbicides ............ Insecticides and fungicides 193.50

Seed ................

Defoliants and other chemicals 9• 33

Custom or contract work . . . 32. 63 Other (specify) Stalk destruction 20.66 Land preparation - interest 40.63

383.32

Harvesting:

Irrigation .............

60.53

Subtotal ..........

Power and equipment -- Custom or contract work . . - Other (specify) --

60.53

Labor ..............


Subtotal ...........

11.83 Ginning (including bagging and ties) 30.26 Other (specify) Loans, insurance.

unions 18.33 60. 42


Transportation to gin ..........

Overhead costs:


Management and administration . . 20.43 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 57.33 Other (specify) Technical assistance

interest 61.20

643.23 TOTAL COSTS .......

60.53 60.53

60.53 60.53

11.83 11.83 30.26 30.26

18.33 18.33 60.42 60.42

20.43 20.43 48.00 66.66

61.20 61.20

616.82 669.64

1/ Data is for coastal crop - however, interior crop cost is comparable to "Above average producer".

Based on reply received March 1975.

CountryColombia

Crop year 1974/75

5

Item



Preharves ting Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work . Other (specify) Roads, fences.

drainage Subtotal .........

Harvesting Labor ............ Power and equipment * Custom or contract work Other (specify) Bagging and ties

Subtotal ......... (*On farm transportation)


Transportation to gin ....... Ginning Other (specify)

Subtotal


Overhead costs:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Technical assistance, Unions, insurance, interest, etc.

TOTAL COSTS ......



National Average Above average average producer A..! producer

1.419

US $ per hectare

5.00 108.67

6.50 55.00 18.47

116.80

33.67

6.00 350.11

60. 13 13.33

8.33

81.79

7.67 25.08

32.75

464.65

16.67 66.67

41.34

589.33

1/ Coastal region, including Meta. Based on reply received June 1975,

Country Ecuador

Crop year 1974


Item

Direct costs: Labor ........ Seed ........ Fertilizer ...... Herbicides Insecticides ..... Machinery - insecticide application soil preparation .

Transport and materials (bags) .

Indirect costs .....

Irrigated

289.00 8.00

98.00

119.00

56.00

1Z.00

114.00

Non-irrigated

US $ per hectare

269.00 8.00

98.00 24.00

119.00

39.00 40.00

12. 00

119.00

728. 00 TOTAL COSTS . . . I 696.00

7

Country Egypt

Crop year 1973/74

Item Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton

US $ per hectare

Workers wages and equipment . . 194.2 5. 9

Fertilizer ............. 72.9 . Planting seed ............

157. 8

Rents ............ 9 Pesticides ............. 60.

Ginning fee and relevant transport . 42.2 Management and other expenses . 12. 1

TOTAL COSTS 546.0

Above costs may be distributed in accordance with the type of agricultural procedure, as follow:

30. 4 Planting seed and relevant procedure 12.1

..

Land taxes after sowing, including irrigation, fertilizer, etc. . . . 1 .39. 3

Soil preparation ........... .

Pesticides and pest control . . . 79.1 Picking and soil cleaning . . . 6o.8

157.9 Ginning and relevant transport . . . 42.2 Rents ............. .

Management and other expenses . 24. 2

TOTAL COSTS 546.0

8

Country EL SALVADOR

Crop year 1974/75


Item In major producing zones


Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . .

US $ per hectare On farm direct costs

Preharvesting: 96. 47 96.47 96.47

Power and equipment . . . 142.33 113.86 170.80 5. 14 5. 14 5.14

122.28 97.82 146.75 - - -- --

Insecticides and fungicides . 313.08 250.05 375.70 Defoliants and other chemicals - - - - - -

-- - - - - Custom or contract work . . -- -- -- Other (specify) Stalk destruction 5.70 5.70 5.70

685.00 569.04 800.56

Harvesting: 91.98 73.58 110.38

Power and equipment .....

Labor ..............

Custom or contract work . Other (specify) Crop super- 9.97 7.98 11.96

vision 101.95 81.56 122.34

Seed ................ Fertilizer .............. Herbicides ...............


Irrigation .............

in 20. 00 16.00 24.00 Ginning (including and ties) 38.50 30.80 46.20

Subtotal .............

Other (specify)

58. 50 46.80 70.20

Labor .................

Subtotal .............


Transportation to gin ............

Overhead costs:

Subtotal .............

Management and administration . . 71.52 71.52 71.52 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 100. 00 100.00 100.00 Other (specify) Interest on cost before and after harvest 47.22

1, 064. 19

39.04

907.96

55.37

1, 219.99 TOTAL COSTS .......

CountryGREECE

Crop year 1974



Average Above average National average producer producer

Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . 2,500

(Seed cotton) US $ per hectare


Preharvesting: 221.80

Power and equipment . . . 145.55 Labor .............

70 36.20

Seed .............24.

21.30 Fertilizer ............

Insecticides and fungicides . 22.30

.

Herbicides ............

Defoliants and other chemicals -- Irrigation ......... 151. 70 Custom or contract work . . . --

Other (specify)

..

623. 55

Harvesting: 333.30

Power and eent quipm 42.00 Custom or contract work . Other (specify) Transportation

Labor .............

of workers 50.00 425.30




Subtotal ..........

Subtotal


Overhead costs:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) . . 266.70 Other (specify) Local tax 35.00

Interest on operating capital 27.30 22.30 2% harvesting and preharvesting costs

TOTAL COSTS ....... 1,400. 15

10

Country HONDURAS

Crop year 1974/75

Item





1,945


Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify) Stalk destruction Sacks and hemp cord for picking

Subtotal .........

Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work . Other (specify)

Subtotal .........



Subtotal


Overhead costs:


TOTAL COSTS ......

50.71 71.42 8.57

85.71

142.85

58.56 7.14 9.99

434.95

84.28

84.28

42.85 72.85

115.70

53.56

42.85

731.34

11

Country INDIA

Crop year 1973/74


Item Irrigated Rairifed Rainfed

MCU-5 H-.4 Laxmi

Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . . . 2,282 1,096 I 340 _ (Seed cotton)

US $perhectare Onfarmdirectcosts

Preharves ting: 163.18 34.08 30.85

Power and equipment . . . - - - - - - 2.97 28.79 5.42

12 9. 62 51.90 10.97 Seed ................. Fertilizer .............

- - - - - - Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals

20.78 5.16

2.97 -- --

Labor ...............

Custom or contract work . . -- -- -- Other (specify)

.

446.30 135.75 52.40

Irrigation ...........

Subtotal .........

Harvesting:

Herbicides ............147.56

34.86 20.66 9.04 Power and equipment - - - - - - Custom or contract work . . -- -- -- Other (specify)

..

34.86 20.66 9.04

Labor ..............


5. 68 1.81 . 77 Transportation to gin .........Ginning (including bagging and ties) 58.09 30.98 8.39


Other (specify)

63.77 32.79 9.16

544. 93 189. 00 70. 60

Subtotal ..........

Overhead costs:

Management and administration N. A. N. A. N. A.

Total direct costs ..........

Land cost (typical rental value) - - - - - - Other (specify) Landrevenue, 1.42 .64 .64 Interestonfixedandoperational 77. 07 25.43 11. 10 capital

TOTAL COSTS ....... 623.42 215.07 82.34

Note: Though there are different producing zones, currently no zone-wide cost assessment has been undertaken. The report from the comprehensive cost study schemes, being implemented during the current year,is expected only during the ensuing years.

12 Country India

Crop year 1973/74

Average cost of cultivation of cotton

Item Maharashtra - Rainfed

L.147 MCU-5 H-4

Yield - (kg. /ha.) 547 848 1, 096 seed cotton

Uss Labour 33.69 39.50 52.41

Seed 2.32 2.84 28.79

Manure 13.68 22.98 23.37

Fertilizer 7.75 34.08 28.53

Pesticides 7.62 19.24 20.78

Irrigation - - - - -

Land revenue • • 65 • 65 .65

Interest on operational and fixed capital . 10.72 19.62 25.43

Marketing .77 1.42 1.81

TOTAL COSTS . 77.20 140.33 181.77

Average cost of cultivation of cotton

Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Karnataka

Irrigated MCU-5

Rainfed Hampi

Rainfed Jayadhar

2,282 329 348

198.04

2.97

46.22

83.40

147.56

2.97

1.42

US$ 28.01

5.42

5.80

9.30

5.03

2.58

38.34

2.45

10.72

9.68

10.72

77

Country India

Crop year1973/74

13

Item

Yield - (kg. /ha.) seed cotton

Labour ......

Seed

Manure

Fertilizer .

Pesticides . .

Irrigation . .

Land revenue

Interest on operational and fixed capital.

Marketing . .

TOTAL COSTS

77.07

9.17

11.88

5.68

65

90

565.33

65.96

85.46

104.47

119,40

149.25

7.46 22.44 8.95

38.85

432.86

22.38 119,40

574.64

8.95 33.00 8.95

50.90

474.76

29.85 119.40

624.01

11.19 49.50 10.40

71.09

614.34

29.85

119.40

Country IRAN

Crop year 1974/75

14



Average Above average National average producer producer

1,700 2,000 2.500 --3.000

US $ per hectare

141.79 134.32 134.32 22.38 29.85 37.31 5.97 5.97 5.97

29.85 29.85 37,31

44.78 59.70 104.47

44.77 44.77 74.62

289.54 304.46 394.00

104,47 119.40 149,25

Item

Yield used (kilos per hectare) . (Seed cotton)



Subtotal .........


Subtotal .........



Subtotal


Overhead costs:


TOTAL COSTS ......

15

CountryISRAEL

Crop year 1974/75

Item





4,000



Subtotal .........


Subtotal .........



Subtotal


Overhead costs:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Insurance

Research Depreciation -irrigation equipment

Marketing TOTAL COSTS

97.00 48.00 7.00

37.00 25.00 50.00 8.00

58.00 32.00

362.00

20.00 65.00

85.00

20.00 80.00

100.00

547.00

50.00 10.00 8.00 4.00

85.00 40.00

744.00

16

Country ITALY

Crop year 1973/74

Item





700


Preharvesting: Labor 101.26 Power and equipment 63.29 Seed 47.47 Fertilizer 99.68 Herbicides 12.66 Insecticides and fungicides - - Defoliants and other chemicals -- Irrigation - - Custom or contract work . . . -- Other (specify) --

Subtotal 324.36

Harvesting: Labor 142.40 Power and equipment -- Custom or contract work . . . -- Other (specify) 5.54

147.94 Subtotal


Transportation to gin 31.64 Ginning (including bagging and ties) 7.91 Other (specify)

3955 Subtotal

Total direct costs 511.85

Overhead costs:

Management and administration . . 31.64 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 79.11 Other (specify)

622.60 TOTAL COSTS

CountryIVORY COAST

Crop year 1974/75

17

Item



Preharves ting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)

Subtotal .........

Harvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify) Shipping

Stalk destruction Subtotal .........


Transportation to gin ...... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Purchasing costs

Subtotal


Overhead costs:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Supervision




1,000

US $ per hectare

101. 00 5.00 1.00

68.00

70.00

244.00

45.00

5.00 11.00 61.00

24. 00 57.00 7.00

88.00

55.00

TOTAL COSTS ...... I 448.00

18

Country KENYA

Crop year 1974/75

Estimated cost of DroducinL, a hectare of cotton


National

Average Above average average producer producer

Yield used (kilos per hectare) 800

1,000 2,200


Preharves ting: 130.85

Power and equipment . 51.82 1.75

Labor ..............

- - 5. 60

Insecticides and fungicides 38. 66 Defoliants and other chemicals 6.86

210. 08 Custom or contract work . . -- Other (specify) Handling charges

Herbicides .............

at 401= per ton Seed Cotton 5.60 451.22

Harvesting: 14.01

Seed ...............

Power and equipment --

Fertilizer ............

Custom or contract work . . - - Other (specify) --

Subtotal .........



--


Ginning (including bagging and ties) 78.91

Labor ..............

Other (specify)

Subtotal


Transportation to gin .........

Overhead costs:

Management and administration . . 6.80 Land cost (typical rental value) . Other (specify)

TOTAL COSTS ......

US $ per hectare

19

CountryMALAWI

Crop year 1974/75

Item





900 900 2,500


Preharvesting Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify) Knapsack

sprayer Subtotal ..........


Subtotal .........


Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Marketing

Subtotal


Overhead costs:


17.89

11.87 26.30

2.29

26.49

2.47

6.87

10.36

28.80

22.48

62.49

9.52

26.47

TOTAL COSTS ......

Country Mexico

Crop year 1974

20

Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton 1/

Delicias El Fuerte Navojoa C. Obregon Chihuahua Sinaloa Sonora Sonora

Item

Labor .......

Machinery and equipment . .

Seed Fertilizer ..... Herbicides ..... Insecticides and fungicides .....

Defoliantes .....

Ginning and packing

Applications of para-siticides and fertilizer

Water .......

Interest ......

Land

Taxes, etc. .

TOTAL COSTS

US $ per hectare

262.86 I 274.71

77.04

80.91

12.49

12.48

44.96

51.58 3.55

16.97

10.23 6.24

97.32

19.87

22.45

13.46

60.00

28.87

678.12

268.17

82.08

14.31 '9.09

108.28 4.01

82.97

42.29

10.35

22. 24

40.00

78.38

822.17

27.91

18.27

8.46

43.48

57.97

573.96

232.23

60.20

14.58 36.20 3.81

14.04

24.22

15.84

11.50

43.76

31.62

488.00

1/ Gravity irrigated.

71.96

12.24 38.84 11.28

66.93 6.12

163.62

48.74

67.96

17.37

40.00

38.33

843.71

201.54

68.25

11.07 58.04 10.90

55.27

44.85

135.78

16. 77

40.00

39.15

780.70

US $ per hectare

I 260.32

21

Country Mexico (continued)

Crop year 1974

Estimated cost of producing a hectare of cotton 1/ Item Sto. ]Domingo Hermosillo Caborca

Baja California Sonora Sonora

283.31

Machinery and

Labor ........

equipment . . . . 99.00

13.21 Fertilizer 55.94 Herbicides 7.11 Insecticides and

Seed ..........

fungicides . . . . 34.34 Defoliants - Ginning and packing 130.54

Applications of para- siticides andfertilizer 25.76

134.52 Water ........

Interest 17.14

41.38 Land .........

Taxes, etc. . . . . 61.18

TOTAL COSTS. . 903.43

1/ Pump irrigated.

69.87

16.74 49.87

57.06

84.76

72.36

12.68 56.80

82.61

93.30

44.14

11.83 23.45

54.42

66.68

12.41 35.37

1.00

63.98

20. 04

115.44

17.88

40.00

66.65

785.64

30.75

9.09

16.64

40.00

60.96

729.00

6.72

107. 12

13.31

40.00

54.48

516.78

22.07

5.66

16.75

40.00

45.21

571.12

Country Mexico (Continued)

Crop year 1974

22

Item


Mexicali Comarca Juarez Baja California Laguna Chihuahua

Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation

Pump f Gravity1 Pump [Gravity Pump Gravity

US $ Der hectare

271. 771206.56 1247.33 I 253.811161.31 I 261.99

77.90 67.32

17.73 7.86 38.67 35.68 - 2.60

78. 551 58. 97

93. 901111.03

61.07 55.97

85.35 30.22

16.95 13.59

40.00 40.00

20.62 25.55

802.51 655.35

Labor

Machinery and equipment.

Seed Fertilizer ..... Herbicides ..... Insecticides and

fungicides. Defoliants .....

Ginning and packing

Applications of para-siticides and fertilizer

Water

Interest ......

Land

Taxes, etc.....

TOTAL COSTS

Country MOROCCO

Crop year 1974

23




1,400 1,400 2,000

US$perhectare

75.00 97.50 27.50 27.50 6.00 9.00

37.50 37.50

77.50 87.50

50.00 62.50

273.50 321.50

114.00 160.00

114.00 160.00

4.00 5.00 175.00 250.00

11.00 11.00 62.50 62.50

640.00 810.00

Item


Onfarmdirectcosts


Subtotal .........


Subtotal .........

Offfarmdirectcosts

Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including in and ties) Other (specify)

Subtotal


Overheadcosts:


TOTAL COSTS ......

CountryNICARAGUA

Crop year 1974/75

Estimated cost of t)roducine a hectare of cotton

Z4


Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . . . 1,109.41

Onfarmdirectcosts


Power and equipment 56.14 Labor .............177.86

6.57 92. 86

Seed ..............

00 Fertilizer ............ Herbicides ........... 9 Insecticides and fungicides

.

Defoliants and other chemicals -- -- Irrigation ..........

Custom or contract work . . -- Other (specify) Hiredlabour. insecticide appli cation and other costs 51.43

489.56

Harvesting: 107.29

Power and equipment -- Custom or contract work . . . --

Other (specify)

107.29


Offfarmdirectcosts

7. 14

Labor ..............

Ginning (including bagging and ties) 66. 00 Transportation to gin .........

Other (specify) Penalty, transport to

.

port,loadingandclassification 33.57 106. 71


Subtotal ........


Overheadcosts:

Management and administration . .

..

11.29 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 102.29 Other (specify) Tax,bankinterest, andownedcapital 45.57

862.71 TOTAL COSTS .......


Average Above average producera/ I producer b/

I 1,204.51 I 1,299.60

US$perhectare

89.28 87.85 59.72 61.71 6.57 6.29

98.29 90.71 9.00 14.29

177.86 199.57

47.00 58.58 487.72 519.00

116.57 122.71

116.57 122.71

5.71 7.57 71.71 75.57

37.00 39.43 114.42 122.57

11.43 12.00 107.57 95.29

48.00 48.29

885.71 919.86

a/ Average producer - 50 - 300 manzanas in best area of country. b/ Above average producer - over 300 manzanas in best producing area. Note: 1 hectare = 1.431 manzanas.

Z5

CountryPAKISTAN

Crop year 1974/75




Average Above average Droducer I producer




Subtotal .........


Subtotal .........



Subtotal


Overhead costs:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Bank interest

15.35 52.78 2.25

28.37

5.26

4.00

108.01

18.23

18.23

2.50 14.48

16.98

13.89 78.63 10.06

TOTAL COSTS ...... 245.80



Power and equipment 25.50 6.50 - -

-- Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals --

Labor ...............

-- Custom or contract work . . . -- Other (specify) Stalk destruction 6.00

111.50

Harvesting: 95.00

Power and equipment - - Custom or contract work . . . 3.00

Seed ............... Fertilizer ............35.50 Herbicides .............

Other (specify) --

98. 00

Irrigation ............


in 9. 50


Ginning (including and ties) --

Labor ...............

Other (specify) --

9.50

Subtotal ............



Overhead costs:

Subtotal ............

Management and administration . Land cost (typical rental value) . . 6.00 Other (specify) 10% on operating

capital

225.00 TOTAL COSTS .......

US $ per hectare

29.23 19.60 5.00

27.30

4.60

85.73

73.10

2.30

75.40

7.30

7.30

168.43

4.60

16.84

189.87

Z6

CountryPARAGUAY

Crop year 1974/75



Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . • 950


Average Above average oroducer I oroducer

Country SPAIN

Crop year 1974/75

27


In major producing zones jj


650 750 1,200

US $ per hectare

Item




Subtotal .........

Harvesting Labor ............ Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work Other (specify)

Subtotal .........



Subtotal


Overhead costs:


109.00

112.00

120.00

53.00

55.00

65.00

23.00

23.00

23.00

142. 00

148.00

160.00

24.00

24.00

32.00

98.00

102.00

110.00

27. 00

27.00

27.00

174.00

180.00

190.00

650.00

671.00

727. 00

262.00

300.00

420.00

262.00

300.00

420.00

11.00

13.00

16.00

60.00

70.00

90.00

71.00

83.00

106.00

73.00

76.00

83.00

220.00

240.00

280.00

TOTAL COSTS .......1,276.00

1,370.00

1,616.00

1/ Andalucia

Country SUDAN

Crop year 1974/75


28



Average Above average oroducer I oroducer

Yield used (kilos per hectare) . 536

US$_ per hectare

On_ farm direct costs

Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment . Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides (Weeding) ..... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)

Subtotal .........

Harvesting: Labor ........ Power and equipment Custom or contract work Other (specify)

Subtotal .........

Offfarmdirectcosts

Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Transport to Port Sudan, sacks, stores, loading and off-loading I Marketing Insurance and auditing

Subtotal ......... Overheadcosts:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) Tax Researchandexperiments

TOTAL COSTS ......

21.09 15.26 3.90

20.54 23.97 68.48

14.38

167.62

94.55

2.05

96.60

26.51 27.21

15.06 85

12.07

81.70

35.06 68

25.68 26.24

433.58

1/ Gezira is an average producer. (a) Planting starts in the Gezira Scheme on July 25th. (b) Harvest commences mid January through April.

29

CountrySYRIA

Crop year 1974/75


Item


National average

Z.000


Average Above average producer I producer


Preharvesting 157.92

Power and equipment . 180.29 15. 79

140. 29

Herbicides ..........

Seed ...............

Insecticides and fungicides 7.90

Defoliants and other chemicals 39. 48

Fertilizer ............

Custom or contract work Other (specify) Sacks and threads Z6.32

Other 2.63 Subtotal .......... 570.62

Labor ..............

Harvesting: 78.96

Power and equipment ..... Custom or contract work .


Other (specify) Warehousing 5.26

84.22

Labor ...............


19.74

Subtotal ............

Ginning (including bagging and ties) 37. 77 Other (specify)

57.51


712.35

Subtotal ..........

Total direct costs .........

Overhead costs:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) . . 144.76 Other (specify) Interest on capital 26.32

883. 43 TOTAL COSTS .......

US $ per hectare

Item

CountryTURKEY

Crop year 1974


Region of In major producing zones

çukurova Average Above average average I producer I producer

30




Power and equipment . 44.28 9.82

40. 53 --

Labor ...............

Insecticides and fungicides 85. 71 Defoliants and other chemicals --

Fertilizer .............

26. 46


Custom or contract work . . . 53.57 Other (specify) 14.28

312.86

Seed ...............

Subtotal ..........

Harvesting 103.71

Power and equipment 28.57 Custom or contract work . . 12.00


Other (specify) 21.43

165.71


4.50 Ginning (including bagging and ties) 187. 50

Labor ................

Other (specify)

192.00

Subtotal .............


Transportation to gin .............

Overhead costs:

Subtotal ............

Management and administration . . 88.57 Land cost (typical rental value) . . 178. 57 Other (specify) 77.86

1,015.57 TOTAL COSTS .......

US $ per hectare

31

CountryTURKEY

Crop year 1974

Item



Region of In major producing zones

Ege Average Above average average producer producer

891


Preharvesting: Labor ............ Power and equipment Seed Fertilizer .......... Herbicides .......... Insecticides and fungicides Defoliants and other chemicals Irrigation Custom or contract work Other (specify)

Subtotal .........


Subtotal .........



Subtotal


Overhead costs:


69.44 12.50 45.00 22.22 17.50

44.44

131.94

343.04

173.61

17.36

190.97

3.47 59.37 2.62

65.46

599.47

38.65 208.33

73.05

TOTAL COSTS .......919.50

Southeast Average

Above average producer producer •/

453

667

US$perhectare

34.82 30.05 133.48 97.93 15.79 8.10 95.43 84.80 36.03 34.96 81.42 54.02 8.20 6.80 .09 0

10.11 6.72

415.37 323.38

16.38 14.13 57.20' 41.98 22.49 14.92

96.07 71.03

11.96 14.70 63.16 93.03

14.97 11.91 90.09 119.64

601.53 514.05

5.93 6.92 115.69 104.65

38.84 31. 13

761.99 656.75

Country UNITED STATES

Crop year 19 74!!


32


Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . . . 526

Onfarmdirectcosts

Preharves ting: 42. 80

Power and equipment; • 62.07 18.75 43. 39 19. 03

Insecticides and fungicides 23.82

Defoliants and other chemicals 6.18 33. 88

Custom or contract work . 13. 51

Other (specify)

263. 43

Labor ..............

Harvesting: 14.26

Power and equipment 67. 23

Custom or contract work . . 22.04

Seed ............... Fertilizer ............

Other (specify)

103.53





11. 29

Labor ...............

Ginning (including bagging and ties) 75. 27

Other (specify) Interest, operating


capital 11.74 98. 30

465. 26


Overheadcosts:

Subtotal ..........

Management; and administration 10.87


Land cost (typical rental value) . . 126.81

Other (specify) General farm overhead 3/ 39.04

641. 98 TOTAL COSTS .......

- Footnotes given on pages 34 and 35.

33

UNITED STATES Country (continued)

Crop year 19741/


Item Mississippi Delta National Average Above average average I producer I Droducer


US $perhectare Onfarmdirectcosts

Preharvesting: 42.80 43.17 42.43

Power and equipment . . . 62.07 78.45 69.44 18.75 13.94 14.83 43. 39 39.44 36.00 19.03 36.25 34.25

Labor ............. .

Insecticides and fungicides . 23.82 34.40 28. 29

Seed ............. ..

Defoliants and other chemicals 6. 18 7.88 17. 22

Fertilizer ........... .. Herbicides ........... ..

33. 88 .22 0 Custom or contract work . . 13. 51 20.41 29. 65 Other (specify)

263.43 274.16 272.11

Harvesting: 14.26 16.80 16.51

Power and equipment 67. 23 92. 12 81. 52 Custom or contract work . . Z2.04

. 23.97 34.59


Other (specify)

103.53 132.89 132.62


Subtotal .........


11.29 14.26 19.30

Labor ............. .

Ginning (including bagging and ties)

..

75. 27 84.41 114.26 Other (specify) Interest, operating

Transportation to girl ..........

capital 11.74 98.30

11.22 109.89

12.50 146.06

465. 26 516. 94 550. 79

Subtotal ......... ..

Overheadcosts:

Management and administration, . . 10.87 17.72 17.42


Land cost (typical rental value) . . 126.81 124.69 112.36 Other (specify) Generalfarmover- head3/ 39.04

641.98

44.33

703. 68

44.77

725. 34 TOTAL COSTS

US $ perhectare

40.28 36. 15 36.00 28.24 18.80 14.55 23.38 24.09 11.51 7.22

2.40 1.32 1.68 .99

50. 26 26.96 6.03 5.63

190.34 145.15

13.44 12.06 43.98 33. 16 17.20 16.06

74.62 61.28

9.44 14.48 63. 18 96.94

6.20 5.54 78.82 116.96

343.78 323.39

6.65 5.96 109.09 98.07

30.48 23.55

490.00 450.97


Crop year 19741/


34


Southwest Average Above average producer I producer

Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . . . 52


Preharvestirig: 42.80

Power and equipment 62.07 18.75 43. 39 19.03

Labor ..............

Insecticides and fungicides 23. 82 Defoliants and other chemicals 6. 18

Seed ............... Fertilizer ............ Herbicides .............

33.88 Custom or contract work . . . 13.51 Other (specify)

Subtotal .......... 263.43


Harvesting: 14.26

Power and equipment 67. 23 Labor ..............

Custom or contract work . . . 22.04 Other (specify)

Subtotal .........I 103.53


Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Interest, operating capital

11. 29 75.27

11.74 98. 30

Transportation to gin ...........

465. 26

Subtotal ............

Overhead costs:

Management and administration . . 10.87

Total direct costs ..........

Land cost (typical rental value) . . 126.81 Other (specify) General farm over- head3/ 39.04

641.98 TOTAL COSTS

!I Based on an update of 1966 survey data. 2/ Represents roughly the top 20 percent of producers.

35


Crop year 19741/

Estimated cost of DroducinLy a hectare of cotton

Item West

National Average

Above average average producer producer

Yield used (kilos per hectare)

526 972

1,154

Onfarmdirectcosts


Subtotal .........


Subtotal .........

Offfarmdirectcosts

Transportation to gin ....... Ginning (including bagging and ties) Other (specify) Interest,operating

capital Subtotal


Overheadcosts:

Management and administration Land cost (typical rental value) Other (specify) General farm over-

head 3/

TOTAL COSTS ......

US$perhectare

42.80 85.08 102.84 62.07 75. 09 80. 95 18.75 11.98 6.45 43.39 37.71 15.38 19.03 10.45 7. 73 23.82 31.85 35.71

6. 18 21.69 21.89 33.88 193.18 169.24 13.51 36.59 7.36

263.43 503.62 447•55

14.26 31.48 38.05 67.23 91.77 98.94 22.04 38. 10 7. 66

103.53 161.35 144.65

11.29 20.43 25.45 75.27 121.60 151.42

11.74 14.68 14.23 98.30 156.71 191. 10

465.26 821.68 783.30

10.87 33. 66 39. 73 126.81 271.66 183.48

39.04 81.89 62.54

641.98 1,208.89 1,069.05

3/ Includes farm real estate and personal property taxes, insurance, repairs on buildings and fences and miscellaneous items such as telephone, electricity, maintenance and drainage ditches and terraces, and use of personal auto for farm business.


Average 1 Above average producer

J producer

800 1,500

US $ per hectare

66.90 78.87 1.41 1.41

9.63 17.84

7.77 12.68

22.53 42.25

7.04 8.45

3.71 3.71 38.32 71.84 8.11 15.20

17.75 33.29 27.15 50.91

31.71 59.45

242.03 395.90

CountryUPPER VOLTA

Crop year 1974/75


36


Yield used (kilos per hectare) . . 470

(Seed cotton)



Power and equipment 94 Labor ..............

- - 4. 46

- - Insecticides and fungicides 4.73

Seed ...............

Defoliants and other chemicals -- - -

Custom or contract work . . . -- Irrigation ..........

Other (specify) - -

Fertilizer ............. Herbicides ............

Subtotal .........

Harvesting: 13.38

Power and equipment -- Custom or contract work . . . -- Other (specify) Labor - stalk destruction and burning 7.04

Subtotal .........


Labor ...............

2. 18 Loan for fertilizer and insecticides 22. 48 Purchase costs seed cotton . . . 4.76

10.43

Loan for seeds ............

15.95 Shipping costs ............ Processing costs ...........

18.63 Overhead costs ............

TOTAL COSTS ....... 150.05

1/ Cotton project West Volta.

survey of cost of production of raw cotton · survey of cost of production of raw cotton...

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