crop production enterprise wheat cotton sugarcane

8/2/2019 Crop Production Enterprise Wheat Cotton Sugarcane

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Crop Production Enterprise

Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane


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Wheat Wheat is the major cereal in India after rice

Worlds most favored staple food and one ofthe important sources of carbohydrates with

nutritional importance. Value-added products

Breads, Rolls (Hamburgers, muffins), Soft Cakes,

Pies, Cookies, Flour etc More demand and World trade in wheat is

greater than for all other crops combined.


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Technologies

Row crop technology wheat production gains have fallen behind corn and soybeans in

recent years

Intercrop practice

Four to Five rows of wheat grown in two rows of sugarcane is apopular practice now a days

Relay Cropping A practice in which the second crop is started amidst the first

crop before it has been harvested.

Soybeans and Wheat Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed-Planting (Firb) System The Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed -planting System is a method

where cultivation of crops is done on raised beds.


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Technologies

Zero Tillage In zero-tillage, without any field preparation, Wheat is sown

directly after the harvest of Rice using a specially designed seed-cum -fertilizer drill.

Under timely sown conditions, zero tillage can save fieldpreparation costs of around Rs.2,000 - 2,500/- per hectare.

Wheat Chipper Designed by Monsanto engineers specifically for the wheat

breeding team to develop better-yielding wheat varieties.

Wheat chipper is a proprietary machine that shaves a tiny tissuesample off a wheat seed to analyze the seeds genetics..

selection of varieties, sowing of seed, fertilizer application,plant protection and water management etc


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DWR Directorate of Wheat Research

New wheat varieties released (2009-10)

Wheat varieties

Name with parentage

Developed by

(Name of the Institute)

Production

Condition

Area of

Adoption

Grain yield

(q/ha)

Avg. Potential

VL 907DYBR 1982-83/842 ABVD 50/W9385 // PBW 343

VPKAS, Almora NHZ TS-IR 44.3 56.9

TS-RF 27.9 43.5

PDW 314 (d)AJAIA-12 /F3 LOCAL SEL. ETHIO-135.85//PLATA 13/3/SOMA T-3/4/SOOTY/ RASCON 37

PAU, Ludhiana NWPZ TS-IR 50.366.1

DBW 39ATTILA/ HUI

DWR, Karnal NEPZ TS-IR 44.0 55.2

MPO 1215 (d)GW 1113/ GW 1114// HI 8381

JNKVV, Powarkheda CZ TS-IR 47.8 65.3

MACS 6222HD 2189*2/ MACS 2496

ARI, Pune PZ TS-IR 42.8 60.9

AKAW 4627Selection from VIMAL

PDKV, Akola PZ LS-IR 42.8 60.9

KRL210PBW 65/2*PASTOR

CSSRI, Karnal Salt affected TS-IR 33.7 49.3

KRL 213CNDO / R143// ENTE/ MEXI-1-1/3/Ae.squarrosa (TAUS)/4/

WEAVER/5 /2 /*KAUZ

CSSRI, Karnal Salt affected TS-IR 33.6 43.9


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Production Technologies

Seed Rate and Spacing

Depends on seed size, germination percentage,time and method of sowing.

100 kg/ha at a seed weight of 38g/1000 seeds

Seeding depth should be 4 to 7 cm with a rowspacing of 20 23 cm

For late sown wheat reduce spacing to 15 18 cm


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Top 10 wheat producers (2009-10)

Country Quantity (m tons)

China 115.0

India 80.7

Russia 61.7

USA 60.3

France 39.4

Canada 26.5

Germany 25.1

Pakistan 24.0

Australia 22.5

Ukraine 20.0

Turkey 17.8

Global Wheat Scenario

2nd largest producer in the world next

to China from last 10 years

16.9%

11.9%

9.1% 8.9%

5.8%

3.9% 3.7% 3.5% 3.3% 2.9% 2.6%

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

China India Russia USA France Canada Germany Pakistan Australia Ukraine Turkey


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State Wide production statistics


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Cost of Cultivation and Production


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Input Costs


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Item wise break up of

Cost of Cultivation (Rs. Per Hectare)


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Fixed Costs and Total Cost


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Profit Maximization

Multiple Cropping /Relay Cropping Producing a second crop allows for the increased use of

machinery, labor, and land during the year and a loweringof fixed cost on a per-acre basis, resulting in a more

profitable farming operation.

There are two primary requirements for profitablemultiple cropping:

There must be adequate time for the production of a

second crop. There must be adequate water to produce two crops,

whether from stored soil moisture, rainfall, or irrigation.


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Commercial Varieties of Wheat


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Cotton Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops

playing a key role in Indian agriculture and economics.

It provides employment to millions of people, earningvaluable foreign exchange and improving the economy

of farmers. Cotton is one of the finest natural fibers available for

man for his clothing. Because of this cotton trade hasdeveloped into a big industry.

Other UtilizationHome funishingsMedical Supplies fishnets, coffee filters, tents, gunpowder, cotton paper


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Technologies

Row Cropping Intercropping

short duration pulse crops such as green gram, black gram,cowpea, soybean etc in 1:2 ratio.

In black soils, soybean, black gram and green gram are moresuitable. In light soils green gram and cowpea can be used. In Adilabad, Guntur and Prakasam districts Intercropping of

cotton with Pigeonpea / Sorghum is followed.

Harvesting Equipment Cotton Picker

Automate harvesting and this reduces harvest time and maximizesefficiency.

Cotton Stipper


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Cotton Production

Global Cotton Scenario

Though India ranks number one in the worldwith 20% (9M Hect.) of the total area planted

under cotton, ranks only third position with

only 19% in production of cotton.

China (first position - 26%)

USA (second position 24%)

Indias average yield is only 319 kg/ha lint ascompared to world average of 603 kg/ha.


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Input Costs


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Varieties

Andhra Pradesh has unique distinction ofcultivating the largest number of cotton

varieties.


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Sugarcane Sugarcane is one of the most important

commercial crops playing a key role in Indianagriculture and economics.

Production of sugar, jaggery. Molasses (left over from sugar production)

Animal feed, fertilizers, adding to tobocco for hookabpipes, Bio-plastics, Cane Ethonal.

Alcohol, bagasse (The fibrous residue of cane is calledbagasse. It is used as a fuel for the generation ofenergy needed for sugar manufacture.)


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Technologies

Tractor Operated Multipurpose Equipment Developed by Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research

IISR Tractor operated improved two row

sugarcane cutter planter

IISR Moist hot air seed cane treatment unit

Improved IISR Furnace IISR Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research


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Cotton Production

Global Cotton Scenario

India is the second largest producer of sugarcanenext to Brazil.


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Input Costs


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Sugarcane Varieties

Here is a list of sugarcane varieties that arerecommended for


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Wheat Cotton Sugarcane

MSP per quintal (2011 - 2012)Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department

of Agriculture and Cooperation.

Wheat Rs. 1285Cotton Rs. 2800

Sugarcane Rs. 145


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Any Questions?

Thank You

crop production enterprise wheat cotton sugarcane

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