support for interlock planning - pireworse, being involved in a drinking-and-driving crash. you will...

S

SUPL

Interfor G Parti

I

PA

locrou

cip

P

PON

k Eps

ant

RT FOR INTERLOCK NING:

nhancement Counseling (INTEC-G)

s Workbook

©Pacific Institute

for Research and Evaluation 11710 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300 Calverton, Maryland 20705-3102

301-755-2700

December 2003

S

IP

This Workbook is the Property of:

Subject #

If found, please return to (name and address of program):

S

IP

P R E FA C E

The Participants Workbook is designed to accompany the Providers Manual for Interlock Enhancement Counseling for Groups (INTEC-G) and for Individuals (INTEC-I). Together, the Provider and Participant Manuals are known as the Support for Interlock Planning or SIP Program.

This workbook provides some background and objectives for INTEC-G. There are four 2-hour sessions. Key concepts and ideas are presented, and the classroom and homework activities are described. This workbook is a guide for your participation in the program. You are expected to read the contents of each session, participate fully in each session, and complete all classroom and homework tasks. It is essential that you bring your workbook to each session. There will be penalties if you lose the workbook.

WB-i

S

IP

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S

Preface .................................................................................................................................... i

Table of Contents................................................................................................................. iii

Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................vii

Introduction and Background............................................................................................... 1

1. Welcome ..................................................................................................................1

2. Foundation...............................................................................................................1

3. Program Structure and Function .............................................................................2

4. Purpose.....................................................................................................................3

5. Costs.........................................................................................................................3

6. Confidentiality .........................................................................................................3

7. Needed Materials .....................................................................................................3

8. Program Guidelines, Rules, and Consequences ......................................................3

Rules.................................................................................................................3

Consequences ..................................................................................................4

Session 1: Learning and Change......................................................................................... 11

1. Focus ......................................................................................................................11

2. Interlocks................................................................................................................12

3. Interlock Problems .................................................................................................12

4. Stages of Change ....................................................................................................13

WB-iii

S

IP 5. Measuring Change (SOCRATES) ......................................................................... 14

6. Learning and Change............................................................................................. 19

Cognitive and Behavioral Learning ............................................................... 19

The Process of Learning and Change............................................................ 20

Seven Rules........................................................................................ 20

Steps to Learning How Thoughts Lead to Action......................................... 22

Steps to Changing Your Thoughts ................................................................ 22

7. Drinking and Driving Functional Analysis............................................................ 22

Session 2: The Harmful Effects of Drinking and Driving and How to Reduce Them....... 29

1. Review of Session 1................................................................................................ 29

2. Interlocks and Risk Reduction .............................................................................. 29

3. Session Plan ........................................................................................................... 29

4. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC).................................................................... 30

Determining “Safe” Drinking Levels ............................................................. 34

5. General Risk from Drinking and Driving ............................................................. 35

6. Antecedents to Drinking and Driving ................................................................... 36

Strategies to Avoid or Manage High-Risk Situations..................................... 37

7. Revisiting Your Change Process Map .................................................................... 37

Stages of Change............................................................................................ 37

8. Identifying and Managing High-risk Situations..................................................... 38

Strategies to Reduce the Harmful Effects of Alcohol Use............................. 38

9. Benefits and Consequences of Change ................................................................. 39

10. Things to Think About........................................................................................ 40

11. The Driving Assessment Survey........................................................................... 40

WB-iv

S

IP

Session 3: Decisions Made Before Drinking and Driving: Problems and Solutions ........... 49

1. Review ....................................................................................................................49

Driving Attitudes and Patterns ......................................................................49

2. The ABC Method of Rational Thinking ...............................................................53

3. Decisional Analysis.................................................................................................55

4. The DUI Recidivism Prevention Map: Forks in the Road to Careful Driving .....56

5. Solutions ................................................................................................................58

6. Stage of Change Revisited (SOCRATES) ..............................................................58

7. Functional Analysis for Nondrinking and Driving Behavior ...............................63

8. Things to Think About ..........................................................................................65

Session 4: How to Avoid the Path to Recidivism and Related Harm .................................. 71

1. Review ....................................................................................................................71

2. The Process of Repeat DUI and Related Harm.....................................................71

3. Cognitive-Behavioral Map for Recidivism .............................................................71

4. Triggers for Recidivism ..........................................................................................73

5. Preventing Recidivism............................................................................................76

6. DUI Costs: Money and Time ................................................................................77

Years and Money Spent on Alcohol ..............................................................79

7. Final Review of Stages of Change (SOCRATES) ..................................................80

8. Closure ...................................................................................................................85

References ........................................................................................................................... 91

WB-v

S

IP

AC K N OW L E D G M E N T S

This manual was funded via a prime grant (number is R01 AA12825-01) held by the Pacific Institute on Research and Evaluation (PIRE) from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) in support of work entitled Enhancing Alcohol Interlock Effects on DUI Offenders.

This component of the work is part of the Support for Interlock Planning (SIP) Program known as Interlock Enhancement Counseling for Groups (INTEC-G) and was prepared by David S. Timken, Ph.D., and the staff of Timken and Associates in Boulder, Colorado, and Paul R. Marques, Ph.D., and the staff at PIRE in Calverton, Maryland. Special thanks to Thomas Nochajski, Ph.D., and colleagues at the Research Institute on Alcoholism (RIA) in Buffalo, New York; Robert B. Voas, Ph.D., of PIRE; Nancy Timken of Timken and Associates; Brad Bogue of Justice System Assessment and Training (JSAT), Boulder, Colorado; Michele Packard, Ph.D., Sage Institute, Boulder, Colorado; Harvey Milkman, Ph.D., of the Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, Denver, Colorado; Ken Wanberg, Ph.D., Center for Addiction Research and Evaluation, Arvada, Colorado; Craig Field, Ph.D., of the University of Texas Houston School of Public Health, Dallas, Texas; and Alma Lopez of the PIRE for their able editing and critique.

No part of this workbook may be reproduced in any form, electronically or mechanically, including but not limited to photocopying, audiovisual recording or transmission, and portrayal or duplication in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from PIRE and the authors. Further, the contents of this workbook may not be used or released except by those trained and approved by PIRE and the authors.

WB-vii

S

IP

I N T RO D U C T I O N A N D B A C K G R O U N D

1. WELCOME

Welcome to our program, the group component of Support for Interlock Planning or SIP. These sessions are known as the Interlock Enhancement Counseling for Groups (INTEC-G). You have been sent to this program because it is part of a program for correcting and changing your past behavior of driving after or during the drinking of alcohol.

We know that a part of each one of you does not want to be here. We want to understand your experiences about having an interlock on your motor vehicle, and what you will do after completing the program. We want to support you in your efforts and help you to think through some problems you may have with the interlock. We look forward to working with you. Each of you has a common burden — the interlock. This is a problem. What is important, however, is how you handle the problem, not the problem itself. You have a choice in how you deal with the problem. You can do it in a positive way or a negative way. It is up to you.

2. FOUNDATION

The program will assist you in seeing where you are in regard to changing behaviors that have brought you here, specifically drinking and driving and getting caught. The sessions will show you how changing the way you think can change your actions or behaviors. Simply stated, it is your thoughts and your beliefs and your attitudes — not what happens around you — that cause you to feel a certain way or cause you to do certain things. We have designed the program to help you see whether any changes are needed in your use of alcohol, particularly in relation to driving, and we will provide you with some ways to make changes. We not only want to help you with the practical problems of driving with an interlock, but also to help you plan on how to keep from committing another DUI offense once the interlock is removed from your vehicle.

The approaches that we use are based on the best available research on how to assist people faced with using an interlock.

WB-1

S INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

IP 3. PROGRAM STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

In this program, you will be required to complete four individual sessions of approximately 30 minutes each and a group component of four 2-hour sessions. As you can see, 12 hours of group and individual time are required to complete the program during the 6-month period. The agenda for the four 2-hour group sessions follow:

Session 1: Learning and Change

Section 2: The Harmful Effects of Drinking and Driving and How to Reduce Them

Session 3: Decisions Before Drinking and Driving: Problems and Solutions

Session 4. Avoiding Another DUI and Related Harm

In addition, you will have some homework assignments to complete. These will not take much time to complete; however, they are required, and you should find them helpful.

This program is not a replacement for any other type of DUI education or treatment program. It is meant to complement them. It is a different approach from traditional alcohol programs. But, programs such as this one can be a positive “booster” to other programs when used together.

INTEC-G, the group program, will primarily help you make decisions about driving, particularly in connection with your drinking. This program is not designed to treat alcoholism, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, or even problem drinking. You will not be “labeled.” It is not useful. We want, instead, to help you better deal with having an interlock installed on your car, van, or truck. You will learn some ways to separate drinking from driving, not only for the next 6 months, but also for a long, long time.

The group sessions are 2 hours each. For the four sessions, you will spend 8 hours with your fellow group members. The groups are closed. That means that during the four sessions, no new people will be allowed to join the group after it has started. We do it this way to assist you in becoming part of the group and to provide continuity to the process. We want to support you in the decision-making process, so you don’t run the risk of ever having a DUI arrest again.

WB-2

SINTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

IP4. PURPOSE

There are three major goals. The first and most important goal is to separate your drinking behavior from your driving behavior. When you do this, you also accomplish the second and third goals; that is, you reduce your chance of committing another DUI offense, or even worse, being involved in a drinking-and-driving crash. You will learn to plan so that you can avoid situations in which you will be tempted to drink and then drive. The program is practical. It will help you reduce the risks associated with drinking and driving.

5. COSTS

You do not have to pay for either the group or the individual sessions. The only cost to you is for the interlock installation and a monthly rental fee. There is no financial tie between the SIP Program and any interlock company.

6. CONFIDENTIALITY

The federal law on confidentiality that applies to alcohol treatment programs protects information about you. You have already been informed about this. We take this seriously and will not, under penalty of law, violate the rules.

7. NEEDED MATERIALS

In addition to your workbook, please bring a couple of pencils, an eraser or two, and some type of pen to each session. A notebook, tablet, or some type of writing paper may also be useful.

8. PROGRAM GUIDELINES, RULES, AND CONSEQUENCES

The guidelines, rules, and consequences will be consistently and fairly enforced. Violations will be reported to the referring court or probation department immediately.

Rules

You have agreed to abide by the following rules:

Attend all individual and group sessions.

Be on time for all sessions. Bring my Participant’s Manual to all sessions. Complete all classroom assignments, worksheets, and homework assignments. Be active and participate — both listening and discussion. Keep all information learned about other group members in trust and confidence, and not discuss it with anyone. Be courteous and respectful of the other participants and the facilitators.

WB-3

S INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

IP Refrain from coming to an individual or group session after using alcohol or any

mind-altering drugs.

Maintain a positive attitude towards others in the group and the facilitators. Refrain from smoking or eating in the building or during the sessions. Turn off all cell phones and pagers during individual and group sessions. Make any necessary arrangements in advance, because only the participant may be admitted into individual or group sessions.

Please be open about your alcohol and drug use, including illegal activities, to achieve the full effectiveness of the SIP program.

Consequences

You have agreed to the following consequences if you do not abide by the rules:

If you lose your manual, then you will be required to pay $10 for a replacement manual. If you report late for an individual session, then you will have to reschedule that session for a later date. If you are late to three individual sessions, then it will be counted as an absence and will be reported to your probation officer. If you report late or are absent for a group session, then you will have to join a new group and repeat all sessions attended up until that point. If you miss two group sessions, then it will be reported to your probation officer. If you have driven yourself to the SIP offices and are impaired by drugs or alcohol, there will be potentially serious consequences. If you fail to comply with any other rule, then it will be reported to your probation officer.

WB-4

SI

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

PNotes:

SI


P Notes:

SI


PNotes:

SI


P Notes:

S

IP

INTEC-G

GROUP SESSION PLANS

S

IP

S E S S I O N 1 : L E A R N I N G A N D C H A N G E

1. FOCUS

Remember, you are not going to be labeled as a drunk, an alcoholic, or a drug abuser. You were cited for a DUI offense and that makes your drinking and driving a concern from a public health/public safety perspective. In this session, you will learn how to reduce the risks you pose to yourself and others if you drink and drive. You will also learn some things about how people change and how your thoughts and attitudes lead to the choices you make. You will learn some coping skills that you can use with and without the interlock, and gain a better understanding of the device and how to deal with it.

The four sessions have the following goals:

To help you separate drinking from driving behaviors.

To help you keep from committing another DUI offense.

To help you avoid getting into an alcohol-related crash.

In this first session, we will cover the following areas:

Interlocks:

− description

− problems

− potential solutions

Stages of Change:

− a model of how people change

− a way to measure where you are in regard to change the process of cognitive and behavioral learning

WB-11

S SESSION 1: LEARNING AND CHANGE

IP 2. INTERLOCKS

The interlock is a mechanical device attached to your car. It can detect the amount of alcohol in your system. You must blow into the breath sampler before your vehicle will start. If your breath sample tests more than a certain amount, your car won’t start. All testing information such as date, time, and BAC is recorded on the interlock. Program violations are reported to the court by the interlock company. Tampering or disabling the interlock is also detected by the device.

3. INTERLOCK PROBLEMS

Most people have some problems after an interlock is installed on their cars. Please review WORKSHEET 1 and make a checkmark (√) or an X in the “Problem” column for each item that applies to you. Please be accurate. Do not mark an item just because you are angry about having to go through the hassle of getting a DUI or having to have an interlock.

After you have marked all the problems related to having an interlock, write some possible solutions for each problem in the “Solutions” column. Be specific and be realistic. Remember, these solutions have to work for you.

WORKSHEET 1. INTERLOCK PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Problems √ or X

Solutions

Family

Friends

Job

School

Mechanical/Equipment

Services & Travel

Other: Alcohol Use, etc.

WB-12

SSESSION 1: LEARNING AND CHANGE

IP4. STAGES OF CHANGE

The changes in thinking that a person goes through on the way to changing behavior have been explained many different ways. The most helpful, and the one we will discuss, is the Stages of Readiness to Change. This process was developed by Prochaska, DiClemente, and Norcross (1992). They proposed that people who change their behavior go through five “stages of change,” and they defined each stage as follows:

Stage 1 — PRECONTEMPLATION. You don’t see a problem and, therefore, have not considered changing your behavior.

Stage 2 — CONTEMPLATION. You are beginning to think a problem may exist and may even be thinking of making changes in your behavior. You have mixed feelings about it.

Stage 3 — DETERMINATION or PREPARATION. You have made a commitment to change a behavior you consider a problem, or you may already have set a specific time to change a behavior. (I’ll stop drinking next week — after I move — when I get a job, etc.) Right now, you still see that the benefits of some choices still outweigh the drawbacks of that behavior.

Stage 4 — ACTION. You are in the process of changing something you do to reduce or eliminate the problem. (You stop drinking– don’t drink before evening — move to avoid the roommates who drink heavily; etc.)

Stage 5 — MAINTENANCE. You have the problem under control and are working to keep control. (You want to get used to the new way of living. You begin to see yourself as someone who resolved a problem.)

You will move through these stages at your own pace, and the progression will not always be even. You may spend a lot of time moving from Stage 1, PRECONTEMPLATION, to Stage 2, CONTEMPLATION, and back again before you are ready to go on to Stage 3, DETERMINATION or PREPARATION. The following diagram shows the Stages of Change as a wheel with movement from stage to stage.

WB-13


IP STAGES OF CHANGE WHEEL

WHEEL OF CHANGE (adapted from CSAT TIP #35 and Prochaska, DiClemente, and Norcross, 1992)

Miller, W.R., Rollnick S: Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behavior. New York, NY: The Guilford Press, 1991. (Reprinted with permission of publisher.)

Action

Rel

apse

Determination

Contemplation

Precontemplation

Permanent Exit

Maintenance

5. MEASURING CHANGE (SOCRATES)

The questions on the following pages can help you see where you are concerning being ready or even being aware of the need to change. This is the first written exercise that you need to complete. Even though your facilitator will explain the exercise, please read the instructions and feel free to ask any questions about it. Your facilitator will tell you when to start the exercise.

When everyone has answered the questions, the facilitator will review the scoring instructions. Again, if you have any questions, please do not hesitate to ask. Your facilitator will tell you when to score your answers. When you are done, you should have a score for each of the five areas — the P Scale, the C Scale, the D Scale, the A Scale, the M Scale — on your scoring form. The D Scale (D is for “determination”) is the same as “Preparation” or Stage 3.

WB-14


IPPERSONAL DRINKING QUESTIONNAIRE 1 (SOCRATES 7A)

INSTRUCTIONS: Please read the following statements carefully. Each one describes a way that you might (or might not) feel about your drinking. For each statement, circle a number from 1 to 5 to indicate how much you agree or disagree with it at this point in your life. Please circle ONLY one number for each statement.

Circle only one:

Strongly Disagree

1 Disagree

2

Undecided or Unsure

3 Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5

1. I really want to make changes in my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

2. There are times when I wonder whether I drink too much.

1 2 3 4 5

3. I definitely have some problems related to my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

4. I have already started making some changes in my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

5. I was drinking too much at one time, but I’ve managed to change my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

6. The only reason I’m here is that somebody made me come.

1 2 3 4 5

7. Sometimes I wonder if I am an alcoholic.

1 2 3 4 5

8. I really want to do something about my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

9. I’m not just thinking about changing my drinking, I’m already doing something about it.

1 2 3 4 5

10. I have already changed my drinking, and I am looking for ways to keep from slipping back to my old pattern.

1 2 3 4 5

11. I have serious problems with drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

12. Sometimes I wonder if my drinking is hurting other people.

1 2 3 4 5

WB-15


IP

Circle only one:

Strongly Disagree

1 Disagree

2

Undecided or Unsure

3 Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5

13. I drink too much at times. 1 2 3 4 5

14. I am actively doing things now to cut down or stop drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

15. I used to have problems with alcohol, but not anymore.

1 2 3 4 5

16. I think I need to be coming to treatment for help with my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

17. I question whether drinking is good for me.

1 2 3 4 5

18. If I don’t change my drinking soon, my problems are going to get worse.

1 2 3 4 5

19. I have already been trying to change my drinking, and I am here to get more help with it.

1 2 3 4 5

20. Now that I have changed my drinking, it is important for me to hold onto the changes I’ve made.

1 2 3 4 5

21. I know that I have a drinking problem.

1 2 3 4 5

22. I am uncertain whether I drink too much.

1 2 3 4 5

23. It is definitely time for me to do something about the problems I have been having with alcohol.

1 2 3 4 5

24. I have started to carry out a plan to cut down or stop my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

25. I want help to keep from going back to the drinking problems that I had before.

1 2 3 4 5

26. I am a fairly normal drinker. 1 2 3 4 5

27. Sometimes I wonder if I am in control of my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

28. I am an alcoholic. 1 2 3 4 5

WB-16


IP

Circle only one:

Strongly Disagree

1 Disagree

2

Undecided or Unsure

3 Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5

29. I am working hard to change my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

30. I am worried that my previous problems with drinking might come back.

1 2 3 4 5

31. I’ve had more trouble because of my drinking than most people do.

1 2 3 4 5

32. I don’t think I have “a problem,” but there are times when I wonder if I drink too much.

1 2 3 4 5

33. I am a problem drinker. 1 2 3 4 5

34. I know that my drinking has caused problems, and I am trying to do something about it.

1 2 3 4 5

35. I have made some changes in my drinking, and I want some help to keep from going back to the way I used to drink.

1 2 3 4 5

36. My problems are at least partly due to my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

37. I don’t know whether or not I should change my drinking.

1 2 3 4 5

38. My drinking is causing a lot of harm.

1 2 3 4 5

39. I have a serious problem with drinking, and I have already started to overcome it.

1 2 3 4 5

40. I’m sober, and I want to stay that way.

1 2 3 4 5

WB-17


IP Subject #

SOCRATES SCORING FORM 1

All 40-item Version (7A)

Please read the questionnaire and write the answers you circled on the form below.

P Scale C Scale D Scale A Scale M Scale

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

*1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

*11 12 13 14 15

*16 17 18 19 20

*21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30

*31 32 33 34 35

*36 37 38 39 40

TOTALS P C D A M

Possible score range = 8-40 on each of the five scales.

IMPORTANT SCORING NOTE For items 1, 11, 16, 21, 31, and 36 (marked with an *), reverse the direction of scoring before recording the raw score. For example:

If you circled You record above

5 1 4 2 3 3 2 4 1 5

For all other items (not marked with an *), simply record the number of your answer. We will come back to this exercise several times during the remaining sessions.

WB-18

SI

SESSION 1: LEARNING AND CHANGE

PSTAGES OF CHANGE WHEEL

WHEEL OF CHANGES (ADAPTED FROM CSAT TIP #35 AND PROCHASKA, DICLEMENTE, AND NORCROSS, 1992)

Action

Rel

apse

Determination

Contemplation

Precontemplation

Permanent Exit

Maintenance

6. LEARNING AND CHANGE

Cognitive and Behavioral Learning

There are several important assumptions for you to think about concerning people’s behavior patterns.

Patterns of drinking and driving are determined by thoughts, perceptions, feelings, and beliefs about yourself and the world.

External factors or events or inside memories and feelings lead to automatic thoughts and perceptions based on the core beliefs and attitudes that you hold about yourself and the world.

WB-19

SI


P Automatic thoughts and perceptions lead to behavior.

The coping actions (the way you deal with things) you choose and the results of those actions reinforce (strengthen) your thoughts, feelings, beliefs, and attitudes.

The Process of Learning and Change

In addition to assumptions about behavior, there are seven rules that control how people act or react to situations. An awareness of these rules can help you control your own behavior.

Seven Rules

RULE ONE: Your thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs — not what happens outside of you — control the way you feel and the things you do.

RULE TWO: When you are faced with change, your first thoughts are to fight it or resist change.

RULE THREE: Even after you know that you need to make changes in your life, you still have mixed thoughts about making the changes.

RULE FOUR: You can make choices about the thoughts you have about yourself and the outside world.

RULE FIVE: Your thought patterns or thought habits (automatic thoughts) about the world and yourself can become distorted or twisted.

RULE SIX: Before you act, train yourself to think: “What is best for me in the long run?”

RULE SEVEN: What happens outside of you will bring certain thoughts based on your beliefs and attitudes. These automatic thoughts can bring on certain feelings and possibly an action response.

Keep these seven rules in mind as you complete the Change Process Map (WORKSHEET 2) on the next page. If you have difficulty, feel free to ask the facilitator for help.

WB-20

S IS

ES

SIO

N 1

: L

EA

RN

ING

AN

D C

HA

NG

E

PW

OR

KSH

EE

T 2

. TH

E P

RO

CE

SS O

F L

EA

RN

ING

AN

D C

HA

NG

E (T

HE

CH

AN

GE

PR

OC

ESS

MA

P)

Ada

ptiv

ere

spon

seP

osit

ive

feed

back

Ext

erna

lev

ent

Aut

omat

icth

ough

ts &

perc

epti

ons

Att

itud

es, b

elie

fs,

emot

ions

Cho

ice

Mal

adap

tive

resp

onse

Neg

ativ

efe

edba

ck

WB

-21


IP Steps to Learning How Thoughts Lead to Action

Focus on events that led to your driving after drinking.

What did you feel?

Get in touch with your attitude at that time.

Try to identify an underlying belief that you had.

What action or behavior did you take?

What happened because of your behavior?

Steps to Changing Your Thoughts

Recognize that your thoughts can lead to problem behaviors.

Change your thoughts by —

− stopping your thoughts;

− thinking of the other person’s position;

− planting a positive thought;

− talking down your emotions;

− talking sense to yourself; and

− arguing against your thoughts.

To help you change your thoughts, you have to learn to relax. Try deep breathing. Think of a calm, beautiful, peaceful place. Close your eyes. Tense your muscles and then relax them. Being calm will help you make better decisions. It will help you to keep from drinking before you get in your car and drive.

The above steps need to be practiced. Please try to do these steps, not only for the next session, but also for the rest of your life. Yes, it can be hard work, but experience shows it is worth it.

7. DRINKING-AND-DRIVING FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

WORKSHEET 3 on the next page is your homework assignment. As your facilitator reviews the worksheet with you, ask any questions you may have about this assignment. Please complete this assignment and be prepared to discuss it at the next session.

WB-22


IPYou have covered a lot of material in this first session. We appreciate the hard work you have

done. If you have questions, please ask them now or contact your facilitator at any time during business hours. Your facilitator will tell you what these hours are.

Please review the materials covered today. You may also want to look at Session 2, which deals with reducing the harmful effects of drinking and driving.

Good luck in the process of successfully dealing with the interlock.

WB-23

SS

ES

SIO

N 1

: L

EA

RN

ING

AN

D C

HA

NG

E

I PW

OR

KSH

EE

T 3

. FU

NC

TIO

NA

L A

NA

LYSI

S FO

R D

RIN

KIN

G-A

ND

-DR

IVIN

G B

EH

AV

IOR

Ext

erna

l T

rigg

ers

Inte

rnal

T

rigg

ers

Beh

avio

r Sh

ort-t

erm

E

ffec

ts

Long

-term

E

ffec

ts

Wha

t do

you

like

abou

t dri

nkin

g w

ith (w

ho)_

____

____

____

___?

W

hat a

re th

e ne

gativ

e re

sults

of

you

r dr

inki

ng a

nd d

rivi

ng

in e

ach

of th

e fo

llow

ing

area

s?

Inte

rper

sona

l

Who

are

you

usu

ally

with

w

hen

you

drin

k an

d dr

ive?

W

hat a

re y

ou u

sual

ly

thin

king

abo

ut r

ight

bef

ore

you

drin

k an

d th

en d

rive

?

Wha

t do

you

usua

lly d

rink

?

Wha

t do

you

like

abou

t dri

nkin

g (w

here

)___

____

____

____

?

Phys

ical

Em

otio

nal

Wha

t do

you

like

abou

t dri

nkin

g (w

hen)

____

____

____

___?

Lega

l

Whe

re d

o yo

u us

ually

dri

nk

and

then

dri

ve?

Wha

t are

you

usu

ally

feel

ing

phys

ical

ly r

ight

bef

ore

you

drin

k an

d th

en d

rive

?

How

muc

h do

you

usu

ally

dr

ink

befo

re y

ou d

rive

aft

er

drin

king

?

Wha

t are

som

e pl

easa

nt th

ough

ts

you

have

whi

le d

rivi

ng a

fter

dr

inki

ng?

Job

Wha

t are

som

e pl

easa

nt p

hysi

cal

feel

ings

you

hav

e w

hile

dri

ving

af

ter

drin

king

?

Fina

ncia

l

Whe

n do

you

usu

ally

dri

nk

and

then

dri

ve?

Wha

t are

you

usu

ally

feel

ing

emot

iona

lly r

ight

bef

ore

you

drin

k an

d th

en d

rive

?

Ove

r ho

w lo

ng a

per

iod

do

you

usua

lly d

rink

bef

ore

you

drin

k an

d th

en d

rive

?

Wha

t are

som

e pl

easa

nt e

mot

iona

l fe

elin

gs y

ou h

ave

whi

le d

rivi

ng

afte

r dr

inki

ng?

Oth

er

WB

-24

SI


PNotes:

SI


P Notes:

SI


PNotes:

SI


P Notes:

S

IP

S E S S I O N 2 : T H E H A R M F U L E F F E C T S O F D R I N K I N G A N D D R I V I N G A N D H OW T O R E D U C E T H E M

1. REVIEW OF SESSION 1

Welcome to the second group session of the SIP Program. Your homework assignment was to complete WORKSHEET 3, Functional Analysis for Drinking and Driving Behavior. As your facilitator reviews your answers with you, focus on what your feelings are about this assignment and what you have learned from this assignment.

2. INTERLOCKS AND RISK REDUCTION

Each of you has a common burden — the interlock. This is a problem. What is important, however, is how you handle the problem, not the problem itself. You have a choice in how you deal with the problem. You can do it in a positive way or a negative way. It is up to you. At this point, you have had 2 months of experience with the interlock. We want to understand your experiences about having an interlock on your motor vehicle. Now is a good time to discuss with the group members and group leader any problems you may have had with the interlock. We want to support you in your efforts and help you to think through some problems you may have had with the interlock. What has been your general experience with the interlock?

As you know, the interlock is a mechanical device attached to your car. It can detect the amount of alcohol in your system. You must blow into the breath sampler before your vehicle will start. If your breath sample tests more than a certain amount, your car won’t start. All testing information such as date, time, and BAC is recorded on the interlock. Have you had any failed attempts to start your car? When you had been drinking, what was your BAC? Were you surprised by the amount of alcohol that was required to reach a certain BAC?

3. SESSION PLAN

The first thing we’ll be doing today is talking about blood alcohol concentrations and the effect of alcohol. Please feel free to bring up your experiences with the interlock and any

WB-29

S SESSION 2: THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DRINKING AND DRIVING

IP attempts you may have had to start your car after drinking. Next, we will be going over

another element of drinking and driving, your driving habits in general. Finally, we will revisit the process of change and things you might want to consider doing to avoid getting another DWI in the future.

4. BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC)

The amount of alcohol in the blood is the main thing that matters when you are talking about the effects of alcohol, both on the physical body and on the behavior of the person who has been drinking. The phrases “holding your liquor” or “drinking someone under the table” only mean that the person has built up a tolerance for alcohol; however, his/her body is still suffering from the effects of alcohol. Alcohol affects the brain and other organs in the body.

The BAC is usually recorded as milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood and is expressed as a percentage of the body’s water weight that is alcohol (e.g., .08%, which is the legal limit in most states, is 80 mg of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood). Following is some information about how different levels of alcohol in the blood can affect you.

WB-30

SSESSION 2: THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DRINKING AND DRIVING

IPBAC BASED ON NUMBER OF DRINKS AND BODY WEIGHT

HOURS TO ZERO BAC FOR WOMEN HOURS TO ZERO BAC FOR MEN

No of Drinks Hours

No. of Drinks Hours

15 42 35 30 26 23 21 15 29 24 22 19 17 16

14 39 32 28 24.5 22 19 14 27 23 20 17.5 16 15

13 37 30 26 23 20 18 13 25 21 19 16 15 14

12 34 28 24 21 19 16.5 12 23 20 17 15 13.5 13

11 31 25 22 19 17 15 11 21 18 16 14 12 12

10 28 23 20 17.5 16 14 10 19 16 14 12.5 11 11

9 26 21.5 18.5 16 14.5 13 9 18 15 13.5 11.5 10.5 10

8 23 19 16.5 14.5 13 11.5 8 16 13.5 12 10 9 9

7 20 17 14.5 12.5 11.5 10 7 14 12 10.5 9 8 8

6 17.5 14 12.5 11 9.5 8.5 6 12 10 9 8 7 6.5

5 14.5 12 10.5 9 8 7 5 10 8.5 7.5 6.5 6 5.5

4 12 9.5 8.5 7 7 5.5 4 8 7 6 5.5 5 4.5

3 9 7 6.5 5.5 5 4.5 3 6 5 4.5 4 3.5 3.5

2 6 5 4 3.5 3 3 2 4 3.5 3 3 2.5 2

1 3 2.5 2 2 1.5 1.5 1 2 2 2 1.5 1 1

Pounds Pounds

Body Weight

100 120 140 160 180 200 Body

Weight 120 140 160 180 200 220

The legal limit (the point at which you may be arrested for a DUI) in Texas is a BAC of .08%. However, in Texas, you may be arrested for a DUI if there is a behavioral indication of intoxication, even if your BAC is less than .08%. Things such as medication, individual metabolism, or being tired or sick may change the effect alcohol has on you. For commercial drivers, a BAC of .04% can result in a DUI conviction nationwide.

WB-31


IP APPROXIMATE HOURS FROM FIRST DRINK TO ZERO

ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION LEVELS FOR WOMEN

WEIGHT 100 120 140 160 180

BACS .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08

HOURS NUMBER OF DRINKS NECESSARY TO REACH THESE LEVELS 1 1.5 3 2 3 2 3.5 2 4 2.5 4.5 2 2.5 4 3 4 3 4.5 3 5 3 5.5 3 3 5 3.5 4.5 4 5.5 4 6 4.5 7 4 4.5 6 4.5 6 5 7 5 7 5 7

WEIGHT 200 220 240 260

BACS .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08

HOURS NUMBER OF DRINKS NECESSARY TO REACH THESE LEVELS1 2.5 5 3 5 3 5.5 3 6 2 3.5 6 3.5 6 4 6 4 7 3 4.5 7 4.5 7 5 7 5 7 4 5 7 5.5 8 5.5 9 6 9

IMPAIRMENT BEGINS WITH YOUR FIRST DRINK.

WB-32


IPAPPROXIMATE HOURS FROM FIRST DRINK TO ZERO

ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION LEVELS FOR MEN

WEIGHT 120 140 160 180 200

BACS .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08

HOURS NUMBER OF DRINKS NECESSARY TO REACH THESE LEVELS 1 2 3.5 2 4 2.5 3.5 2.4 4.5 3 5 2 3 4.5 3 4.5 3 5.5 3.5 6 3.5 6 3 3.5 5.5 4 6 4 6.5 4 7 4.5 7 4 4.5 6.5 5 7 5 7 5 7.5 5.5 8

WEIGHT 220 240 260 280

BACS .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08 .03 .08

HOURS NUMBER OF DRINKS NECESSARY TO REACH THESE LEVELS 1 3 5.5 3 6 3 6 3 7 2 3.5 7 4 7 4 7.5 4 8 3 4.5 7 4.5 8 5 8.5 5 9 4 5.5 8.5 5.5 9 6 9 6 9.5

IMPAIRMENT BEGINS WITH YOUR FIRST DRINK.

WB-33


IP

BAC Common Alcohol Effects

0.02% Light and moderate drinkers begin to feel some effect.

0.04% Most people begin to feel relaxed.

0.06% Judgment is somewhat impaired; people are less able to make rational decisions about their capabilities (e.g., driving).

0.08% Definite impairment of muscle coordination and driving skills is evident; increased risk of nausea and slurred speech. Legal limit in most states.

0.10% Clear deterioration of reaction time.

0.15% Balance and movement are impaired; risk of blackouts, passing out, and accidents increases dramatically.

0.30% Most people lose consciousness. Central nervous system is substantially depressed; risk of death.

Your BAC level depends on your weight, the number of drinks you have had, and the length of time you have spent drinking. The above charts show the BAC levels by body weight, the number of hours spent drinking, and the number of drinks consumed (men and women will vary slightly).

Determining “Safe” Drinking Levels

You can use this information to determine a safe drinking level, if any, for yourself. You may decide that the safest thing for you is to quit drinking, but if not, the following exercise will help you determine a relatively safe drinking level.

After you have completed WORKSHEET 4, it will show the maximum number of drinks, based on your weight and your sex (females and males differ in body water), you can drink and still keep your BAC at a relatively safe level. Remember, the number of drinks needed to reach a certain level will change with the amount of food you have consumed, the medication you are taking, and even how tired you are. If you weigh less than 200 pounds, just one drink 30 minutes before attempting to start your car or truck with an interlock will cause a lockout if the lock point is set at .02-.03.

WB-34


IPWORKSHEET 4.

NUMBER OF DRINKS TO REACH A BAC OF .08

Weight

Number of drinks it would take to reach this in 1 hour

Number of drinks it would take to reach this in 2 hours



How much had you been drinking before the incident that brought you here? How does it compare to the number of drinks you can have and still be at a safe drinking level? For most of you, it will be higher than the chart allows for “safe” drinking. Also, some of you who are very heavy drinkers will be “tolerant” to alcohol. Tolerance is the process by which it takes more drinks to feel the effects of alcohol. But don’t forget that it is the number of drinks, not the effects you feel that causes your BAC level to change.

5. GENERAL RISK FROM DRINKING AND DRIVING

Risk can be thought of in many ways. One approach is to think about the risk of drinking and driving in four categories. These are —

financial;

emotional;

physical; and

legal.

WB-35


IP This section covers financial, emotional, physical, and legal risks of drinking and driving.

WORKSHEET 5. PERSONAL RISKS FROM DRINKING AND THEN DRIVING

On the lines below, please do the following two things.

1. List the above risks in the order of importance to you. The most important risk should be first; the least should be fourth.

2. Beside each of the four, list some of the specifics associated with it.

My own four risk areas in order of importance:

Area of Risk Some Specifics

6. ANTECEDENTS TO DRINKING AND DRIVING

Antecedent means “What comes before.” Research has shown that decisions leading to alcohol-impaired driving work to keep people from controlling how much they drink. The major types of decisions leading to alcohol-impaired driving are —

social/environmental — friends, family, and situations they create;

personal — relaxing, forgetting problems, “getting blasted”;

lack of alternatives — no one sober, no help from others;

nature of the occasion — reunions, holidays, weddings, birthdays, funerals; and

ready availability — lots of alcohol, low prices.

WB-36


IPSome ways to handle these antecedent situations are to —

recognize the problem;

define the problem;

select realistic solutions to the problem; and

implement your strategy.

Start thinking about these things. Working this approach can really help reduce risk.

Strategies to Avoid or Manage High-Risk Situations

Some strategies to avoid or manage high-risk situations follow. Can you think of others?

Don’t stop at a bar on the way home from work.

If you usually drink at sporting events, try soft drinks instead.

Attend events with nondrinkers.

If you drink after an argument with your spouse, try something different. For example, go for a walk or listen to your favorite music.

If you drink after driving to a friend’s house, don’t drive away. Have him or her call a cab, plan to stay overnight, or take public transportation and pick up your car the next day.

Can you think of any others?

Remember, alcohol limits your ability to process information. This is similar to tunnel vision. Your perceptions and feelings when under the influence of alcohol are restricted to immediate and obvious things; consequently, you miss the more distant or subtle things. Alcohol “tunnel vision” plays a role in risky behavior. Alcohol reduces or limits your ability to think through the impact of harmful choices you might make. When you have been drinking, you are more likely to be careless in thinking through sexual protection, driving decisions, or other things that can affect the rest of your life.

7. REVISITING YOUR CHANGE PROCESS MAP

Stages of Change

Please take a look at the Stages of Change Wheel (p. 19) along with the definitions of each stage. Review your answers to the SOCRATES questions (p. 15-18). Have things changed for you regarding motivation, particularly concerning drinking and driving? At what Stage are

WB-37


IP you now? If you have changed in any direction, what do you think caused the change? If, on

the other hand, you did not change, please think about it. Remember, what you do with this information is up to you.

Please go back and review your own personal map (p. 21). Has anything changed? Is the process easier to understand? What difference might learning about this make in your personal map?

8. IDENTIFYING AND MANAGING HIGH-RISK SITUATIONS

Using WORKSHEET 6, make a list of what you believe to be high-risk situations.

WORKSHEET 6. IDENTIFYING AND MANAGING HIGH-RISK SITUATIONS

My high-risk situations are/have been:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

In addition to the things that you may have already done or are in the process of doing, below are additional things that can help you reduce the risk of harm to yourself or others. Some of this information may be new; some you may already know. Even if you are familiar with some of this information, a review of it will not hurt.

Strategies to Reduce the Harmful Effects of Alcohol Use

Sip your drinks — do not gulp them.

Sip slowly to make a drink last longer and space your sips. By spacing sips farther apart, the drink will last longer.

Space your drinks. At a party, or other event where drinking is a big part, it is helpful to space the drinks out over a longer time.

Alternate beverages. (Alternating an alcoholic beverage with a nonalcoholic beverage is a plan that has worked for others.)

Eat food while drinking to slow absorption of alcohol.

How can you integrate these methods into your life?

Think about how you can incorporate these ideas into your behavior when you are drinking.

WB-38


IP9. BENEFITS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CHANGE

We all know about the benefits of change. You have probably had people “preach” this to you. But what about the consequences? Let’s look at it from the other side. Are there benefits from NOT changing? What about the consequences from NOT changing? On the left side of the scale (WORKSHEET 7), write down some good things about drinking and driving; for example, “I can stop for a drink with my friends on the way home.” On the right side of the scale, write some not so good things about drinking and driving; for example, “I could have a crash,” or “I could get a DUI.” Then on the bottom of the scale, write some not so good things about change (for example, “I might not be able to have a few drinks on the way home.”), and some good things about change on the right (for example, “I won’t get another DUI.”). Try to think of several examples for each part of the scale.

WORKSHEET 7. BALANCE SCALE

Good things about drinking and driving

Not so good things about drinking and driving

Not so good things about change Good things about change

Look at the results of your balance scale. Does it lean toward change (right side) or away from change (left side)? Does this seem compatible with your goals?

WB-39


IP 10. THINGS TO THINK ABOUT

During the next month, please continue to think about how you can make better decisions. Keep working at it. You can make decisions that will reduce the risk of drinking and driving again. You can also make decisions that will help you meet some of your life goals.

Remember, if you have any questions or problems before the next session, you are encouraged to contact your facilitator.

11. THE DRIVING ASSESSMENT SURVEY

Your facilitator will explain how to complete the Driving Assessment Survey (DAS) on the following pages. It will be your homework assignment for the next session. Please be prepared to discuss it then.

Do not hesitate to ask questions. The survey can be a little confusing.

WB-40

SI

P

SESSION 2: THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DRINKING AND DRIVING

DRIVING ASSESSMENT SURVEY (DAS) (Authors: Kenneth W. Wanberg and David Timken)

PART I: PERSONAL DATA (to be completed by Test Taker)

ID No.: Date: Program:

GENDER: Female Male Age: Years of schooling completed:

MARTIAL STATUS: Never married Divorced

Married Widowed

Remarried Separated

EMPLOYMENT STATUS:

Full Time Part Time Student House Spouse Retired Disabled Unemployed Other ___________

USUAL OCCUPATION:

Skilled Laborer Clerical and Manager Skilled Craftsperson Office Worker Professional Salesperson Other _____________________________

ETHNICITY: African American Hispanic American

Anglo American Native American

Asian American Other __________

PART II: INFORMATION AND INSTRUCTIONS ON THE USE OF THIS SURVEY This survey contains several statements that describe the various approaches that people take, and the attitudes that people have, towards driving a motor vehicle. You are asked to read each question carefully and then choose the answer that best describes how the statement applies to you. You are asked to be as accurate in your answers as you can — that is, choose the answer that best fits you. In this way, the results of this survey can be used to provide you with information most helpful to you. Once you have chosen the answer of your choice, circle the letter corresponding to your choice. IN ORDER FOR YOUR RESULTS TO BE VALID, YOU ARE ASKED TO ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS. Your responses will be kept strictly confidential, and any information released about your responses must be only upon your written consent. You may now begin to complete this survey by beginning with question 1 below.

PART III: DRIVING ASSESSMENT SURVEY QUESTIONS 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

High-speed driving gives me a sense of power.

I have chased drivers who annoy me.

I like driving in heavy, heavy traffic.

a. Never a. Never a. Never b. Sometimes b. Seldom b. Seldom c. Often c. Often c. Often d. Very often d. Very often d. Very often I have driven motorcycles at high speed.

I feel powerful behind the wheel.

When driving at high speeds, I feel powerful.

a. Never a. Never a. Never b. Sometimes b. Seldom b. Seldom c. Often c. Often c. Often d. Very often d. Very often d. Very often Beating other drivers away from intersections is fun.

I have participated in sports such as auto racing, hang gliding, or skydiving.

I have owned vehicles with high horsepower engines.

a. Never a. Never a. Never b. Sometimes b. A few times b. Seldom c. Often c. Often c. Often d. Very oftend. Very often 1

Please go to the next page. d. Very often

WB-41


IP 10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

ID No.: ________________

I have tried to beat trains at crossings.

I pass other drivers when not in a hurry.

I am a driver who likes to stay ahead of or out in front of traffic. a. Never a. Never

b. Seldom b. Seldom a. Not true c. Often c. Often b. Somewhat true d. Very often d. Very often c. Usually true

d. Always true I drive fast and take my chances on getting caught.

I have taken a risk when driving just for the sake of it. I exceed the speed limit if

road conditions are safe. a. Never a. Never b. Sometimes b. Seldom a. Not true c. Often c. Often b. Sometimes true d. Very often d. Very often c. Usually true

d. Always true I dodge and weave through traffic.

I have outrun other drivers. a. Never I have tried to beat a red

light. a. Never b. Seldom b. Seldom c. Often a. Never c. Often d. Very often b. Seldom d. Very often c. Often I retaliate if the driver be-

hind me has bright lights in my rearview mirror.

d. Very often There are times when I have felt that I could easily kill another driver.

When other drivers do stu-pid things, I lose my temper. a. Never

a. Never b. Seldom a. Never b. Seldom c. Often b. Seldom c. Often d. Very often c. Often d. Very often d. Very often When angry, I have flashed

my lights at drivers. I swear out loud or cuss under my breath at other drivers.

I am easily provoked by other drivers when I am driving.

a. Never b. Seldom

a. Never c. Often a. Never b. Seldom d. Very often b. Seldom c. Often c. Often I honk the horn when I am

angry. d. Very often d. Very often a. Never It is hard to control my

temper when driving. I give the finger to other drivers. b. Sometimes

a. Never c. Often a. Never b. Seldom d. Very often b. Seldom c. Often c. Often I have had accidents or

received tickets when under stress.

d. Very often d. Very often It annoys me when the light turns red just as I get to the intersection.

I have received a traffic ticket when I have been emotionally upset.

a. Never b. Once

a. Never c. Two to three times a. Never b. Sometimes d. More than three times b. Once c. Often c. Twice I tend to pay less attention

when driving while I am angry.

d. Very often d. Three or more times I find myself in a hurry when I drive.

I have a hard time thinking about my driving when I am upset.

a. Incorrect a. Never b. Partly correct b. Seldom c. Usually correct a. Never c. Often d. Always correct b. Once in a while d. Very often

Please go to the next page.

2

3

c. Quite often d. All the time

WB-42


IP34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.

49.

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

57.

When mad while driving, I am less cautious.

When I am upset, I am less cautious when driving.

When I have had a bad day, I will drive to unwind.

a. Never a. Never a. Never b. Sometimes b. Sometimes b. Seldom c. Often c. Often c. Often d. Very often d. Very often d. Very often I forget about pressures when I am driving.

I have found myself driving fast without realizing it.

When I have problems such as marriage, job, finances, I find myself taking a drive. a. Never a. Never

b. Seldom b. Seldom a. Never c. Often c. Often b. Seldom d. Very often d. Very often c. Often

d. Very often I have driven to “blow off steam” after having an argument.

It calms me down if I am able to drive when I am upset.

I have passed on a double yellow line.

a. Never a. Never a. Never b. Sometimes b. Seldom b. A few times c. Often c. Often c. Quite often d. Very often d. Very often d. Often I go driving when I feel depressed.

I am able to relax and reduce tension while driving.

How many traffic citations have you received in your lifetime? a. Never

b. Sometimes a. Never a. Only one c. Often b. Sometimes b. Two to three d. Very often c. Often c. Four to five

d. Very often d. More than five When driving long distances, I take breaks for safety reasons.

I leave extra early for work or other destinations when the roads are bad.

Drivers training should be required in order to get a driver’s license. a. I usually do not

b. Sometimes a. Hardly ever a. Do not agree c. Quite often b. Sometimes b. Somewhat agree d. Routinely c. Usually I do c. Mostly agree

d. I always do d. Completely agree I come to a complete stop at stop signs. Driving skills are important

when it comes to safety. a. Sometimes I do I keep a safe distance from cars in front of me. b. Usually I do a. Do not agree

c. I almost always do a. Some of the time b. Somewhat agree d. I always do b. Much of the time c. Mostly agree

c. Almost always d. Completely agree I use seat belts. a. Hardly ever d. Always Better driving training and

skills would reduce accidents.

b. Sometimes I use my turn signal. c. Usually I do a. Sometimes d. Every time I drive or

ride b. Quite often a. Do not agree c. Almost always b. Somewhat agree

c. Mostly agree I don’t follow rules that I think are silly or don’t make sense.

d. Completely agree Every time I turn

I rebel against authority.

I could benefit from a driving skills and safety class. a. No, not at all

b. Yes, sometimes a. Never a. No, not at all c. Yes, quite often b. Once in awhile b. Maybe a little bit d. Yes, often c. Quite often c. Yes, most likely

d. Often Please go to the next page.

4

5

d. Yes, definitely

WB-43

S SESSION 2: THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF DRINKING AND DRIVING ID No.: ___

IP 58.

59.

60.

61.

62.

63.

64.

65.

66.

67.

68.

69.

70.

At school or at work, I break the rules in order to finish quicker. a. Never b. Sometimes c. Often d. Very often I don’t like police officers. a. Not true b. Somewhat true c. Usually true d. Always true I have driven after drinking if I really had to get home. a. Never b. Sometimes c. Often d. Very often I drink at bars. a. Never b. Sometimes c. Often d. Very often When it comes to parties, I really like to live it up. a. No, not at all b. Yes, at times c. Usually d. Almost always

When it comes to the bottom line, nobody tells me what to do. a. Not true b. Somewhat true c. Usually true d. Always true I have been in fights or brawls. a. Never b. Once or twice c. Several times d. Many times After participating in sports, I will drink beer with my friends. a. Never b. Sometimes c. Often d. Very often I enjoy going to parties where no one makes a big deal about heavy drinking. a. Never b. Sometimes c. Often d. Very often

I have had trouble because I don’t follow rules. a. Never b. Seldom c. Often d. Very often I have been tattooed. a. Never b. Once c. Twice d. Three or more

times I stay out all night and drink. a. Never b. Seldom c. Often d. Very often I have been going to parties such as keggers on weekends. a. No, never b. Less than one weekend

a month c. One to two weekends a

month d. Three or more

weekends a month.

6

8 7

WB-44

SI

P


Notes:

SI


P

Notes:

SI


PNotes:

SI


P

Notes:

S

IP

S E S S I O N 3 : D E C I S I O N S M A D E B E F O R E D R I N K I N G

A N D D R I V I N G : P R O B L E M S A N D

S O L U T I O N S

1. REVIEW

Since the last session, you were to have given some thought to making better decisions. Have any problems arisen during the last month? If so, how did you resolve them? Did you use any of the techniques you learned in the last two sessions to help you resolve any issues? Your homework assignment was to complete the Driving Assessment Survey (DAS). Your facilitator will explain how to score it using the two forms on pages 50 and 51. After scoring, as your facilitator reviews your answers with you, focus on what your feelings are about this assignment and what you have learned from this assignment.

Driving Attitudes and Patterns

One of the most dangerous things people do is drive a motor vehicle. More people are killed every 4 years in motor vehicle crashes than were killed in all of the four major wars of the last century (World War I, World War II, Korea, and Vietnam). Annually, more than 41,000 people are killed in highway crashes each year in this country, and more than 3.2 million people are injured. Currently, around 40% of the deaths are related to the use of alcohol. Driving requires more responsibility toward the community and others than one would regularly engage in. When driving, you —

have to always be alert;

are at risk and in danger;

have the opportunity to be concerned and considerate toward others;

have the opportunity to demonstrate good will and patience; and

can expect to feel emotions and stress.

It is a challenge. People are quite different in their attitudes about driving and about drinking behavior. What are your attitudes? What are your driving patterns?

WB-49

SS

ES

SIO

N 3

: D

EC

ISIO

NS

MA

DE

BE

FO

RE

DR

INK

ING

AN

D D

RIV

ING

I PD

AS

SCO

RIN

G I

NST

RU

CT

ION

S A

fter

com

plet

ing

the

DA

S, p

leas

e co

mpl

ete

the

scor

ing

shee

t. W

rite

you

r an

swer

nex

t to

eac

h nu

mbe

r in

the

fir

st b

lank

. The

n w

rite

the

sc

ore

for

each

lett

er in

the

sec

ond

blan

k. E

ach

lett

er h

as a

sco

re v

alue

. Sco

re e

ach

lett

er a

s fo

llow

s: a

= 0

; b =

1; c

= 2

; d =

3. W

hen

you

finis

h, p

leas

e to

tal

each

col

umn

and

reco

rd i

t at

the

top

in

the

spac

e w

here

it

stat

es “

tota

l sc

ore.

” Pl

ease

ask

for

hel

p if

you

have

any

qu

estio

ns.

Scal

e 1:

PO

WER

Sc

ale

2: H

AZA

RD

Sc

ale

3: IM

PULS

E Sc

ale

4: S

TRES

S Sc

ale

5: R

ELA

X Sc

ale

6: R

EBEL

Sc

ale

7: C

ON

VIVA

LSc

ale

8: G

ENR

ISK

Item

N

o.

┌─────┐

└─────┘

To

tal S

core

Ite

m

No.

┌─────┐

└─────┘

To

tal S

core

Ite

mN

o.

┌─────┐

└─────┘

Tota

l Sco

re

Item

No.

┌─────┐

└─────┘

Tota

l Sco

re

Item

No.

┌─────┐

└─────┘

To

tal S

core

Ite

mN

o.

┌─────┐

└─────┘

Tota

l Sco

re

Item

No.

┌─────┐

└─────┘

Tota

l Sco

reIte

mN

o.

┌─────┐

└─────┘

Tota

l Sco

re

1 __

__ =

___

_ 10

___

_ =

____

13

__

__ =

___

_24

__

__ =

___

_43

__

__ =

___

_ 58

__

__ =

___

_60

__

__ =

___

_2

____

= _

___

2 __

__ =

___

_ 11

___

_ =

____

14

__

__ =

___

_25

__

__ =

___

_44

__

__ =

___

_ 59

__

__ =

___

_61

__

__ =

___

_5

____

= _

___

3 __

__ =

___

_ 12

___

_ =

____

21

__

__ =

___

_32

__

__ =

___

_45

__

__ =

___

_ 63

__

__ =

___

_62

__

__ =

___

_7

____

= _

___

4 __

__ =

___

_ 18

___

_ =

____

22

__

__ =

___

_33

__

__ =

___

_51

__

__ =

___

_ 64

__

__ =

___

_65

__

__ =

___

_9

____

= _

___

5 __

__ =

___

_ 19

___

_ =

____

23

__

__ =

___

_42

__

__ =

___

_52

__

__ =

___

_ 67

__

__ =

___

_66

__

__ =

___

_10

__

__ =

___

_

6 __

__ =

___

_ 20

___

_ =

____

29

__

__ =

___

_50

__

__ =

___

_53

__

__ =

___

_ 68

__

__ =

___

_69

__

__ =

___

_11

__

__ =

___

_

7 __

__ =

___

_ 26

___

_ =

____

30

__

__ =

___

_

70

__

__ =

___

_12

__

__ =

___

_

8 __

__ =

___

_ 27

___

_ =

____

31

__

__ =

___

_

13

__

__ =

___

_

28 _

___

= __

__

14

____

= _

___

15

____

=__

__

19

____

=__

__

22

____

=__

__

24

____

=__

__

26

____

=__

__

27

____

=__

__

28

____

=__

__

43

____

=__

__

51

____

=__

__

62

____

=__

__

CO

NFI

DE

NT

IAL:

DO

NO

T D

ISC

LOSE

WIT

HO

UT

TH

E E

XPR

ESS

WR

ITT

EN

PE

RM

ISSI

ON

OF

DR

. KE

NN

ET

H W

. WA

NB

ER

G A

ND

/OR

DR

. DA

VID

S. T

IMK

EN

.

WB

-50

SSESSION 3: DECISIONS MADE BEFORE DRINKING AND DRIVING

IPDRIVING ASSESSMENT PROFILE

ID No.: Date:

Gender: Male Female Age:

Low Low-medium High-medium High DECILE RANK

SCALE NAME RAW

SCORE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

NUMBER IN NORM SAMPLE

1. POWER 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 19 392 2. HAZARD 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 21 393 3. IMPULSE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 18 393 4. STRESS 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 15 395 5. RELAX 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 395 6. REBEL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 17 393 7. CONVIVIAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 22 395 8. GENRISK 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 27 42 385

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

PERCENTILE NORMATIVE GROUP

The normative group is made up of 395 individuals who were being assessed by the district court probation department after being convicted of an alcohol-related offense.

SUMMARY OF DRIVING ASSESSMENT SURVEY SCALES

Scale 1: POWER measures the extent to which the driver experiences power when driving (e.g., feel powerful behind the wheel, feeling powerful when driving at high speeds).

Scale 2: HAZARD measures the degree to which an individual takes part in hazardous or high-risk driving behavior such as beating a red light, driving fast, and outrunning other drivers.

Scale 3: IMPULSE measures the driver who is impatient and impulsive (e.g., honks horn, swears at other drivers, loses temper).

Scale 4: STRESS measures the driver who, when under stress or is upset, tends to have accidents, pays less attention to driving, is less cautious, gets annoyed when the light turns red and so on.

Scale 5: RELAX indicates that a driver uses driving as a means of relaxing (e.g., forgets pressures, blows off steam, calms down when driving).

Scale 6: REBEL measures the driver who feels rebellious toward authority, who breaks the rules, gets into fights, and so on.

Scale 7: CONVIVAL measures a pattern of attending drinking parties, drinking at bars, attending “keggers,” and drinking with people away from home.

Scale 8: GENRISK is a general or broad measure of high-risk driving behavior. It comprises only driving-related measures.

Source: Adapted from The Driving Assessments Survey (DAS), Wanberg and Timken, © 1991 by K.W. Wanberg and D. Timken. Used with permission.

Subject #

WB-51

S SESSION 3: DECISIONS MADE BEFORE DRINKING AND DRIVING

IP

What do you think about your Driving Assessment Profile? How might you change things measured by the DAS to reduce your risks connected with driving?

While thinking about change in terms of thoughts, emotions, and habits, please complete WORKSHEET 8 (following).

WORKSHEET 8. CHANGING DRIVING THOUGHTS, EMOTIONS, AND HABITS

Describe your driving patterns and attitudes. Then list five driving thoughts, emotions, and habits that you can change.

1. Describe your overall driving attitude:

2. Describe your driving behavior and habits:

3. List five driving habits or patterns you feel you should change:

WB-52


IP

2. THE ABC METHOD OF RATIONAL THINKING

A famous psychologist, Dr. Albert Ellis, has given us what he calls the ABC method of rational (wise or logical) thinking that also helps us understand how negative thoughts lead to negative feelings and behavior, and positive thoughts lead to positive feelings and behavior. A stands for the antecedent or event that comes before B, your beliefs and thoughts. These beliefs and thoughts lead to C or what Dr. Ellis calls the consequences that are your feelings and behavior (or actions).

The A or events can lead to automatic thoughts or beliefs. Often, these thoughts are not wise; they are irrational or crazy and unsound. Such thoughts can lead to automatic behavior or action habits. Dr. Ellis makes it clear that we can make choices to either use an irrational (crazy, unsound, silly) thought or a rational thought. By choosing a rational or sensible thought, you will be on the path to taking rational or sensible action. It is your choice. You have the power to change the automatic thoughts that are irrational or errors in thinking into rational thoughts before you act on them. You may not be in control of A, but you are in control of B and C. Here is the ABC method.

A B C

Antecedent Beliefs Consequences

Events Thoughts Feelings/Behavior

WB-53


IP

Now do WORKSHEET 9. Sometimes the behaviors triggered by an event (antecedent) happen so fast, we don’t have time to think. It may be easier to describe your reaction to the event first (#3, Consequences), then go back to numbers 1 and 2.

WORKSHEET 9. USING THE ABC RATIONAL THINKING APPROACH

1. Describe an EVENT or the ANTECENDENT (A) that seemed to make you drive after you had been drinking.

2. List as many of the things or BELIEFS (B) that you might have been thinking that would help explain why the event upset you so much. Do these fit a pattern of negative thinking?

3. Describe the CONSEQUENCES (C) or your feelings or behaviors in response to this event.

WB-54


IP3. DECISIONAL ANALYSIS

Remember from our previous sessions, the decisions you make from the moment you consider participating in a drinking event can affect whether you end up driving while impaired. Please complete the WORKSHEET 10, focusing on practical things you can do to avoid impaired driving. Some of the antecedents have been filled in. Can you think of others?

WORKSHEET 10. DECISIONS BEFORE DRINKING-DRIVING:

WHAT’S THE PROBLEM, WHAT’S THE SOLUTION?

ANTECEDENTS OBSTACLES (fill in) SOLUTIONS (fill in)

NOT DRIVING TO A DRINKING EVENT

NOT DRIVING FROM A DRINKING EVENT

NOT RECOGNIZING INCAPACITY

NOT DRINKING AT EVENTS

WB-55


IP

4. THE DUI RECIDIVISM PREVENTION MAP: FORKS IN THE ROAD TO CAREFUL DRIVING

Please look at the map on the following page. During the program, you have probably found yourself on this road several times. You have faced urges, cravings, and other pressures that you have resisted — you have taken the right road. Or, you may have slipped or lapsed, doing things or thinking about things that brought you close to driving under the influence or getting locked out by the interlock! But, even though you may have strayed, you got back on the road to “Careful Driving Town.” Keep this map in your mind from now on. It is a great way to remind you of where you want to go. Whatever direction you take — “Careful Driving Town” or “Recidivism City” — remember it is your choice. You are in the driver’s seat.

Take a few minutes to look over the following questions and think about how you would answer them if the facilitator called upon you. Listen to what other group members say. The three questions are as follows:

1. How did the map apply to you before your last DUI?

2. What difference or impact has the interlock made in the road you have chosen?

3. How will you remain on the road to “Careful Driving Town” after the interlock is removed from your vehicle(s)?

WB-56


IP

Abst

inen

ce o

rR

espo

nsib

leU

se R

oad

Abst

inen

ce o

rR

espo

nsib

leU

se R

oad

Use

d an

d m

odifi

ed w

ith p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hors

of K

eepi

ng “W

hat W

orks

” Wor

king

: Cog

nitiv

e B

ehav

iora

l Rel

apse

Pre

vent

ion

with

Sub

stan

ce-A

busi

ngO

ffend

ers,

G.A

. Par

ks &

G.A

. Mar

latt,

in: W

hat W

orks

: Crit

ical

Issu

es R

esea

rch

and

Bes

t Pra

ctic

es in

Com

mun

ity C

orre

ctio

ns (p

g 15

). In

tern

atio

nal

Com

mun

ity C

orre

ctio

ns A

ssoc

iatio

n C

onfe

renc

e, C

leve

land

, OH

(Oct

ober

5-8

, 199

7).

Star

tH

ere

Car

eful

Driv

ing

Tow

n

Fork

s in

the

Roa

d to

Car

eful

Driv

ing

Rec

idiv

ism

City

Rec

idiv

ism

Junc

tion

Urg

eJu

nctio

n

Res

pons

ible

Use

Roa

d

Rec

idiv

ism

Roa

d

Res

ist D

ange

rG

ive

In

Dan

ger

Giv

e In

Res

ist

WB-57


IP 5. SOLUTIONS

The best solutions are the practical ones. Decisions are up to you. It is your choice. No one can make your decisions for you. At this point, you may want to look over your answers on the balance scale (WORKSHEET 7) you completed last session.

You can see that many of the decisions that you have to make concerning drinking and driving can be answered rather easily when the interlock is on your vehicle. It’s sort of a “no-brainer.” But what about the decisions you have to make when the interlock is removed? What kind of strategies will you use to stay out of trouble and reduce the risk to you and others? Let’s discuss this.

6. STAGE OF CHANGE REVISITED (SOCRATES)

Let’s see where you are in regard to change. To do this, return to SOCRATES and complete another worksheet on it. (Personal Drinking Questionnaire 2, next page). Again, feel free to ask any questions about it. Your facilitator will tell you when to start the exercise and when to score your answers using SOCRATES Scoring Form 2.

Please complete SOCRATES Scoring Form 2 on the page following the questionnaire. After completing the form, review your current score and compare it with the first time you completed the SOCRATES during the first group session. Is there any change since you first completed the SOCRATES a couple of months ago? Do you believe that you are making any progress, that is, have you lowered your chances of getting another DUI after you no longer have an interlock on your car?

WB-58




Circle only one:

Strongly Disagree

1 Disagree

2

Undecided or Unsure

3 Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


WB-59

SI

SESSION 3: DECISIONS MADE BEFORE DRINKING AND DRIVING

PCircle only one:

Strongly Disagree

1 Disagree

2

Undecided or Unsure

3 Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5



1 2 3 4 5



1 2 3 4 5

WB-60


IP

Circle only one:

Strongly Disagree

1 Disagree

2

Undecided or Unsure

3 Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5

32. I don’t think I have “a problem”, but there are times when I wonder if I drink too much.

1 2 3 4 5



1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5

WB-61

SI


P Subject #





Item No. Score

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

*1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

*11 12 13 14 15

*16 17 18 19 20

*21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30

*31 32 33 34 35

*36 37 38 39 40

TOTALS P C D A M




5 1 4 2 3 3 2 4 1 5

For all other items (not marked with an *), simply record the number for your answer.

WB-62

SI


PSTAGES OF CHANGE WHEEL


Action

Rel

apse

Determination

Contemplation

Precontemplation

Permanent Exit

Maintenance

7. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS FOR NONDRINKING AND DRIVING BEHAVIOR

During the first group session, you completed WORKSHEET 3, the Functional Analysis for Drinking and Driving Behavior. Now, you need to focus on the decisions you make when you have not been drinking, and the feelings you have when you drive without drinking. Nondrinking and driving behavior (WORKSHEET 11 on the next page) is your homework assignment. Please complete the worksheet and bring it back for the next and final session. As always, please be as honest as you can when doing this work. You will be able to use this information when you plan for driving after the interlock is removed from your car.

WB-63

SS

ES

SIO

N 3

: D

EC

ISIO

NS

MA

DE

BE

FO

RE

DR

INK

ING

AN

D D

RIV

ING

I PW

OR

KSH

EE

T 1

1. F

UN

CT

ION

AL

AN

ALY

SIS

FOR

NO

ND

RIN

KIN

G A

ND

DR

IVIN

G B

EH

AV

IOR

Ext

erna

l T

rigg

ers

Inte

rnal

T

rigg

ers

Shor

t-Ter

m

Eff

ects

Lo

ng-te

rm

Eff

ects

Wha

t do

you

disl

ike

abou

t dri

ving

with

(w

ho)_

____

____

____

____

____

___

Whe

n yo

u ha

ven’

t bee

n dr

inki

ng?

Wha

t are

the

posi

tive

resu

lts o

f dr

ivin

g w

hen

you

have

n’t b

een

drin

king

in e

ach

of th

e fo

llow

ing

area

s?

Inte

rper

sona

l

Who

are

you

usu

ally

with

whe

n yo

u dr

ive

and

you

have

n’t b

een

drin

king

? W

hat a

re y

ou u

sual

ly th

inki

ng

abou

t rig

ht b

efor

e yo

u dr

ive

and

you

have

n’t b

een

drin

king

?

Wha

t do

you

disl

ike

abou

t dri

ving

(w

here

)___

____

____

____

____

__

Phys

ical

Em

otio

nal

Wha

t do

you

disl

ike

abou

t dri

ving

(w

hen)

____

____

____

____

____

__?

Lega

l

Whe

re d

o yo

u us

ually

dri

ve w

hen

you

have

n’t b

een

drin

king

? W

hat a

re y

ou u

sual

ly fe

elin

g ph

ysic

ally

rig

ht b

efor

e yo

u dr

ive

whe

n yo

u ha

ven’

t bee

n dr

inki

ng?

Wha

t are

som

e un

plea

sant

thou

ghts

you

ha

ve w

hile

dri

ving

whe

n yo

u ha

ve n

ot

been

dri

nkin

g?

Job

Wha

t are

som

e un

plea

sant

phy

sica

l fe

elin

gs y

ou h

ave

whi

le d

rivi

ng w

hen

you

have

not

bee

n dr

inki

ng?

Fina

ncia

l

Whe

n do

you

usu

ally

dri

ve w

hen

you

have

n’t b

een

drin

king

? W

hat a

re y

ou u

sual

ly fe

elin

g em

otio

nally

rig

ht b

efor

e yo

u dr

ive

and

you

have

n’t b

een

drin

king

?

Wha

t are

som

e un

plea

sant

em

otio

nal

feel

ings

you

hav

e w

hile

dri

ving

whe

n yo

u ha

ven’

t bee

n dr

inki

ng?

Oth

er

WB

-64


IP8. THINGS TO THINK ABOUT

Remember, the next group session is the final group meeting.

You are on the way to gaining some good skills. You are beginning to see that you have the ability to make positive changes that will make your life easier and better. Let’s briefly discuss your plans for the future. How are you planning to avoid problems with drinking and driving after the interlock is removed?

If any problems or questions come up before the next session, please don’t hesitate to contact your facilitator. Continued good luck!

WB-65

SI


PNotes:

SI


P Notes:

SI


PNotes:

SI


P Notes:

S

IP

S E S S I O N 4 : H OW T O AV O I D T H E PA T H T O

R E C I D I V I S M A N D R E L A T E D H A R M

1. REVIEW

This is your last session. Take another look at your Process of Learning and Change Map (WORKSHEET 2, from Session 1), your DAS (Session 2), and your other worksheets. How does all of this fit together for you? How has this affected your family and friends? What do they think about the impact the program has had on you?

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT: FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF NONDRINKING AND DRIVING BEHAVIOR. As you review your efforts on the homework assignment, think about how you can implement some or even all of this assignment into your own plan for preventing another DUI after you have the interlock taken off your car. This homework assignment can help you see how your attitudes about driving have helped to shape your behavior. Participate in the discussion about how changing your attitudes can help change your behavior.

2. THE PROCESS OF REPEAT DUI AND RELATED HARM

The process of repeated DUIs is gradual — a form of slow erosion. The erosion starts when you become involved with thoughts that lead to a pattern of irresponsible drinking that can harm you or others. It begins before you take the first drink and continues when you place yourself in situations like the ones where you got DUIs in the past or driven while impaired and not been arrested. Think about some of the high-risk thoughts and high-risk situations in which you have been involved. You can stop the erosion toward further DUIs now.

3. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL MAP FOR RECIDIVISM

The Cognitive-Behavioral Recidivism (CBR) map (WORKSHEET 12) will help you understand the thinking and behavior that leads to recidivism. After completing the CBR map, you will have a better understanding of how to reduce the risk of getting another DUI. An example of some responses is provided on the left side of the exercise. Please review these examples and ask any questions you may have. Then, go ahead and complete your own CBR map.

WB-71

S SECTION 4: HOW TO AVOID THE PATH TO RECIDIVISM AND RELATED HARM

IP WORKSHEET 12. COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL MAP FOR RECIDIVISM

Examples

HIGH-RISK SITUATION

loss of confidenceongoing conflictsunhappy with job

EROSION OF SELF-CONTROL EROSION OF SELF-CONTROL

fight with spousegetting firedat a party

HIGH-RISK SITUATION

HIGH-RISK THINKING

“he/she doesn’t care”have a good timefew drinks will help

HIGH-RISK THINKING

FEELINGS

angry at bossangry at spousehappy about raise

FEELINGS

ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS

to hell with everyonenothing ever works outthe world is unfair

ATTITUDES AND BELIEFS

HARMFUL BEHAVIORS

start partying anddrinking heavily

HARMFUL BEHAVIORS

RECIDIVISM THINKING

I can drive OKto hell with it

RECIDIVISM THINKING

RECIDIVISM BEHAVIOR

driving home from party

RECIDIVISM BEHAVIOR

ARRESTED FOR DUI

WB-72

SSECTION 4: HOW TO AVOID THE PATH TO RECIDIVISM AND RELATED HARM

IPIn completing the CBR map, please think about how this map might look both with and

without an interlock on your vehicle(s). Have you been able to identify any further “motivational carrots” for keeping yourself out of harms way? A motivational carrot is like an incentive or reward for changing your drinking-driving habits. In the space below, list your motivational carrots.

WORKSHEET 13. MOTIVATIONAL CARROTS

My “Motivational Carrots” for preventing another DUI.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

4. TRIGGERS FOR RECIDIVISM

Some general things that can trigger another DUI and related harm are —

conflict with others;

social/peer pressure;

sadness or depression;

anger;

negative change in self-image;

same alcohol use pattern that led to past DUI;

obtaining benefits from alcohol; and

having negative consequences from drinking.

The following more specific factors will increase the chances of getting another DUI. The more of them you have, the more likely you will get another DUI someday. These are

WB-73


IP particularly critical after the interlock is removed. You really need to think about them and

even more important, what you can do about them. These factors are:

low participation while in this group or in education and/or treatment sessions;

multiple DUI arrests;

more prior total convictions;

higher BAC level at arrest (0.15% or higher);

no or little recognition of a problem;

minimal, if any family/peer support;

little if any treatment or poor compliance with court-ordered treatment;

more alcohol-related problems and consequences;

more drinking;

more “warn” and “fail” interlock BAC tests;

less intention to avoid impaired driving;

more alcohol dependence or abuse; and

more aggressive driving profile.

Some of the above are static (cannot be changed, i.e., BAC at arrest), but you can change others, which are called dynamic factors. Please complete WORKSHEET 14 on the next page. In the columns marked with “Yes” and “No,” please indicate whether the risk is a factor for you by marking with an X. Place an X in the column that indicates whether the factor is static or dynamic.

WB-74


IPWORKSHEET 14.

RISK FACTORS FOR REPEAT DUI PROBLEMS

Risk Factor Yes No Static Dynamic

Low participation in education and/or treatment

Prior DUI arrests (before last one)

More prior moving violations

More prior total convictions

BAC of 0.15 or higher at arrest

No or low recognition of problems

Minimal, if any, family support

Little, if any, treatment or poor compliance with treatment

More alcohol-related problems and consequences

More drinking

More “warn” and “fail” interlock BAC tests

Less intention to avoid impaired driving

More alcohol dependence or abuse

More aggressive driver profile

WB-75


IP 5. PREVENTING RECIDIVISM

To keep from getting another DUI, you need to integrate all the things we have discussed in this group into a workable plan. This includes the information you wrote in the various worksheets, the information obtained in your individual sessions, and the information from any other DUI services.

In summary, you can do all of these things by —

changing or restructuring your thinking;

changing or better managing situations by improving relationship skills; and

changing your relation to the community.

How might you do these things to better meet your obligations? Please think about your obligations to your family, friends, employer, and/or school. Please also consider your legal obligations. Do you have other legal obligations, such as community service? Now do the following worksheet.

WORKSHEET 15. BETTER WAYS TO MEET MY OBLIGATIONS

FAMILY

FRIENDS

JOB/EDUCATION

LEGAL

Now, please go back and look at your worksheet on decisional balance. (WORKSHEET 7, p. 39). How does it look now? The facilitator has information on services available in your community including social, vocational, educational, treatment, and support/mutual help groups. You must decide for yourself whether to use any of them. We encourage you to look at what is available before making this decision.

WB-76


IP6. DUI COSTS: MONEY AND TIME

You know that getting a DUI costs a lot of money. It also takes a lot of your time. Have you thought about the specifics? Have you ever tried to figure out just how much your DUI has cost you? Please complete the three-part WORKSHEET 16 (A, B, and C) to find out how much your DUI cost you.

WORKSHEET 16A. DUI COSTS: MONEY AND TIME

SPECIFIC AREAS OF COSTS PUT COST IN

DOLLARS

YOUR CONVICTION FINE $

COURT COSTS $

CAR TOWING $

DETOX UNIT EXPENSES $

ONE YEAR INSURANCE INCREASE $

ATTORNEY COSTS AND FEES $

LOST SALARY AND WAGES $

MENTAL HEALTH EVALUATION $

IGNITION INTERLOCK $

RANDOM URINE/BREATH TESTING $

AUTOMOBILE REPAIRS $

OTHER: EXPLAIN $

TOTAL COST (ADD COST OF ABOVE) $

WORKSHEET 16B. HOW MUCH DID EACH DRINK COST YOU IN MONEY?

TOTAL COST OF YOUR DUI $

TOTAL NUMBER OF DRINKS BEFORE YOUR DUI $

DIVIDE THE TOTAL COST BY THE NUMBER OF DRINKS

$

WB-77


IP WORKSHEET 16C.

SPECIFIC TIME COSTS OF YOUR DUI

SPECIFIC AREAS OF TIME LOST TIME LOST IN HOURS

1. Time in jail 2. Time in detox center 3. Time meeting with attorney 4. Time spent going to and in court 5. Time talking to insurance company 6. Hours of time lost at job 7. Time away from your family 8. Time looking for a new job 9. Time attending DUI education and treatment program 10. Time getting interlock checked 11. Time attending SIP program 12. Other: explain

TOTAL COST IN HOURS (ADD ABOVE)

WB-78


IPYears and Money Spent on Alcohol

You know that getting a DUI costs a lot of money. Have you thought about or ever tried to figure out just how much your alcohol consumption has cost you? Please complete WORKSHEET 17 to find out how much your drinking has cost you.

WORKSHEET 17. PERSONAL WORKSHEET

YEARS/MONEY SPENT ON DRINKING YEARS AND COST

AGE YOU ARE TODAY

AGE YOU BEGAN DRINKING

YEARS YOU HAVE BEEN DRINKING =

DRINKS PER WEEK X

ESTIMATED COSTS OF EACH DRINK $

ESTIMATED AMOUNT SPENT WEEKLY $

ESTIMATED AMOUNT SPENT MONTHLY (WEEKLY AMOUNT X 4)

$

ESTIMATED AMOUNT SPENT YEARLY (WEEKLY AMOUNT X 52)

$

YEARS DRINKING X

AMOUNT SPENT YEARLY (MULTIPLY) $

TOTAL AMOUNT SPENT $

LIFETIME SPENDING

TOTAL COST OF YOUR DUI $

TOTAL AMOUNT SPENT $

TOTAL COST OF DRINKING ALCOHOL $

How much did you estimate that you spend per month on alcohol? Per year?

If someone spent this amount of money on illegal drugs, would your attitude be different?

WB-79


IP Compare this to other things on which you spend money. For example, how many movies

could you go to for this amount? New clothes? Trips? A new car? Is it enough for a down payment for a home? When they calculate it out, many people are surprised by the amount of money they spend on alcohol. What examples can you think of to compare the amount you spend on alcohol? If you had this money now what would you spend it on? What kinds of things would you rather spend your money on in the future? What could you do for your family if you had this money? Think of how these things could actually improve your life in comparison to the problems alcohol has caused. And remember these are just estimates and you probably spend much more.

7. FINAL REVIEW OF STAGES OF CHANGE (SOCRATES)

Once again, let’s see where you are in regard to change. To do this, return to SOCRATES and complete another worksheet on it. (Personal Drinking Questionnaire 3, next page). Again, feel free to ask any questions about it. Your facilitator will tell you when to start the exercise and when to score your answers using SOCRATES Scoring Form 3.

When you have finished scoring it, see what it has to say. Have you changed any more since you completed the SOCRATES 2 during the last group session? Compare this with the first time you completed the SOCRATES during the first group session. Can you see the change? What has this experience been like for you? Have you learned anything? Please be “upfront.” Don’t try to fool yourself or anyone else when rating the program or your facilitator(s).

WB-80




Circle only one:

Strongly Disagree

1 Disagree

2

Undecided or Unsure

3 Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5

WB-81

SI

SECTION 4: HOW TO AVOID THE PATH TO RECIDIVISM AND RELATED HARM

PCircle only one:

Strongly Disagree

1 Disagree

2

Undecided or Unsure

3 Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5



1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5



1 2 3 4 5


WB-82


IP

Circle only one:

Strongly Disagree

1 Disagree

2

Undecided or Unsure

3 Agree

4

Strongly Agree

5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5

32. I don’t think I have “a problem”, but there are times when I wonder if I drink too much.

1 2 3 4 5



1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5


1 2 3 4 5

WB-83

SI


P Subject #





Item No. Score

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

Item No. Score

*1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8 9 10

*11 12 13 14 15

*16 17 18 19 20

*21 22 23 24 25

26 27 28 29 30

*31 32 33 34 35

*36 37 38 39 40

TOTALS P C D A M




5 1 4 2 3 3 2 4 1 5

For all other items (not marked with an *), simply record the number for your answer.

WB-84

SI


P 8. CLOSURE

You have taken a journey toward change. For some, it has been rather hard, for others, somewhat easier. The program staff appreciates your hard work and offers sincere thanks for your participation. In the final individual session, you will need to come up with your own specific plan for keeping out of harms way and avoiding another DUI. You have learned some valuable skills that will help you form these plans. Good luck!

Please help with the research evaluation by filling in the questionnaires later when asked to do so.

STAGES OF CHANGE WHEEL


Action R

elap

se

Determination

Contemplation

Precontemplation

Permanent Exit

Maintenance

WB-85

SI


PNotes:

SI


P Notes:

SI


PNotes:

SI


P Notes:

SREFERENCES

IP

R E F E R E N C E S

Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C., & Norcross, J. C. (1992). In search of how people change: Applications to addictive behaviors. American Psychologist, 47, 1102-1114.

Wanberg, K. W., & Timken, D. S. (1991). The driving assessment survey. Arvada, CO: Center for Addictions Research and Evaluation.

Miller, W.R. (1994). The Stages of Change and Treatment. The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.

Wanberg, K. W., & Milkman, H. B. (1998). Criminal conduct and substance abuse treatment: Strategies for self-improvement and change. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

WB-91

support for interlock planning - pireworse, being involved in a drinking-and-driving crash. you will...

Documents