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DESIGNANDIMPLEMENTATION
OF
ATACTICALGENERATOR
FORTURKISH�
AFREECONSTITUENTORDERLANGUAGE
athesis
submittedtothedepartmentofcomputerengineering
andinformationscience
andtheinstituteofengineeringandscience
ofbilkentuniversity
inpartialfulfillmentoftherequirements
forthedegreeof
masterofscience
By
Dilek
Zeynep
Hakkani
July�
����
ii
Icertify
that
Ihave
readth
isth
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dth
atin
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opin
�
ionit
isfu
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inscop
ean
din
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ath
esis
forth
edegree
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asterof
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ce�
Dr�
Kem
alO
�azer
�Prin
cipal
Advisor�
Icertify
that
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readth
isth
esisan
dth
atin
my
opin
�
ionit
isfu
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ean
din
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esis
forth
edegree
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asterof
Scien
ce�
Dr�
�IlyasC
icekli
�Co�ad
visor�
Icertify
that
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isth
esisan
dth
atin
my
opin
�
ionit
isfu
llyad
equate�
inscop
ean
din
quality�as
ath
esis
forth
edegree
ofM
asterof
Scien
ce�
Dr�
Halil
Altay
Guven
ir
Approved
forth
eIn
stitute
ofE
ngin
eering
and
Scien
ce�
Prof�
Dr�
Meh
met
Baray�
Director
ofIn
stitute
ofE
ngin
eering
and
Scien
ce
iii
ABSTRACT
DESIG
NANDIM
PLEMENTATIO
N
OF
ATACTICALGENERATOR
FORTURKISH�
AFREECONSTITUENTORDERLANGUAGE
DilekZeynepHakkani
M�S�in
ComputerEngineerin
gandInform
atio
nScience
Prin
cipalAdviso
r�Asst�
Prof�KemalO�azer
Co�adviso
r�Asst�
Prof��IlyasC�i�cekli
July��
This
thesis
describ
esa
tacticalgen
eratorfor
Turk
ish�
afree
constitu
ent
or�
der
langu
age�in
which
the
order
ofth
econ
stituen
tsm
aych
ange
accordin
gto
the
inform
ationstru
cture
ofth
esen
tences
tob
egen
erated�
Inth
eab
sence
of
any
inform
ationregard
ing
the
inform
ationstru
cture
ofa
senten
ce�i�e��
topic�
focus�
back
ground�
etc���th
econ
stituen
tsof
the
senten
ceob
eya
defau
ltord
er�
but
the
order
isalm
ostfreely
chan
geable�
dep
endin
gon
the
constrain
tsof
the
text
�ow
ordiscou
rse�W
ehave
used
arecu
rsivelystru
ctured
�nite
statem
a�
chin
efor
han
dlin
gth
ech
anges
incon
stituen
tord
er�im
plem
ented
asa
right�
linear
gramm
arback
bon
e�O
ur
implem
entation
environ
men
tis
the
Gen
Kit
sys�
tem�
develop
edat
Carn
egieM
ellonU
niv
ersity C
enter
forM
achin
eT
ranslation
�
Morp
hological
realizationhas
been
implem
ented
usin
gan
extern
alm
orphological
analy
sis�generation
comp
onen
tw
hich
perform
scon
cretem
orphem
eselection
and
han
dles
morp
hograp
hem
icprocesses�
Key
words�
Natu
ralL
angu
ageG
eneration
�F
reeC
onstitu
ent
Ord
erL
angu
age�
Realization
�G
ramm
arT
heory�
iv
�OZET
SERBEST
�O GESIR
ALIB�IR
D�IL
OLANT�URKC�E�IC��IN
Y�UZEYSEL�URET�IC�ITASARIM
IVEGERC�EKLES�T�IRMES�I
DilekZeynepHakkani
Bilgisa
yarveEnform
atik
M�uhendisli g
i�Y�uksekLisa
ns
TezY�onetic
isi�Yrd�Do�c�Dr�
KemalO�azer
Yard�m
c�TezY�onetic
isi�Yrd�Do�c�Dr�
�IlyasC�i�cekli
Temmuz��
Bu
tezde�
gerceklestirim
iserb
esto�ge
duzen
ine
sahip
bir
dil
olanT
urk
ceicin
bir
yuzey
seluretici
sunulm
aktad
�r�B
ircu
mlen
inbilgi
yap�s�y
lailgili
herh
angi
bir
bilgin
in�b
asl�k�
odak
�arka
plan
�v�b
�g��olm
amas�
duru
munda�
tumce
o�geleri
ongoru
lenbir
s�rayauyarlar�
Ancak
bu
s�ra�tum
cenin
ak�s�
veyakon
usm
an�n
s�n�rlam
alar�na
goreserb
etcede�giseb
ilir�O
�gelerins�ras�n
dak
ide�gisik
likleri
uret�
mek
icinsa�g
do�gru
salgram
erile
gerceklestirilm
isbir
ozyin
elemeli
sonlu
duru
m
mak
inesi
kullan
�lm�st�r�
Gercek
lestirme
ortam�m
�z�C
arnegie
Mellon
Universitesi
C
enter
forM
achin
eT
ranslation
�da
�CM
U�
CM
T�
gelistirilenG
enK
itsistem
idir�
Bicim
birim
selgercek
lestirme�
d�sar�d
anca�g�r�lan
�som
ut
bicim
birim
secimin
ive
bicim
birim
selde�gism
elerisa�glayan
bicim
birim
selbir
uretim
sistemi
kullan
�larak
gerceklestirilm
istir�
Anahtar
s�ozc�ukler�
Do�galD
ilU
retimi�S
erbest
O�ge
S�ral�D
iller�Gercek
lestirme�
Gram
erT
eorisi�
v
Tomyfamily
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Iam
very
grateful
tom
yco�ad
visors�
Assistan
tP
rofessorK
emal
O�azer
and
Assistan
tP
rofessor�Ilyas
Cicek
li�w
ho
have
prov
ided
invalu
able
guid
ance
durin
g
this
study�
Iw
ould
like
toth
ank
toA
ssistant
Professor
Kem
alO
�azer
forprov
idin
gm
e
astim
ulatin
gresearch
environ
men
t�H
isin
struction
will
be
the
closestan
dm
ost
imp
ortant
reference
inm
yfu
ture
research�
Iw
ould
alsolik
eto
than
kA
ssoc�P
rof�H
alilA
ltayG
uvenir
forhis
valuab
le
comm
ents�
and
guid
ance
onth
isth
esis�
Iw
ould
liketo
than
kD
r�B
eryl
Ho�
man
ofU
niv
ersityof
Edin
burgh
�C
entre
forC
ognitiv
eScien
ce�for
her
kin
dcom
men
tson
certainasp
ectsan
dpresen
tation
ofth
isw
ork�
This
researchhas
been
supp
ortedin
part
by
aN
AT
OScien
cefor
Stab
ilityP
roject
Gran
tT
U L
AN
GU
AG
E�
Iw
ould
liketo
than
kto
my
family�
Iam
verygratefu
lfor
their
moral
supp
ort
and
hop
e�givin
g�I
wou
ldlik
eto
than
kevery
bod
yw
ho
has
insom
ew
aycon
�
tributed
toth
isstu
dy
by
lendin
gm
em
oral�tech
nical
and
intellectu
alsu
pp
ort�
inclu
din
gm
ysister
Selin
Hak
kani
and
my
colleagues
Bilge
Say�
Yucel
Say
g�n�
Kem
alU
lku�
A�
Kurtu
lus
Yoru
lmaz�
Gok
han
Tur
and
man
yoth
ersw
ho
arenot
men
tioned
here
by
nam
e�
Fin
ally�I
wou
ldlike
toth
ank
toM
r�G
okhan
Tur
again�
foralw
ays
bein
gw
ith
me�
Contents
Intro
ductio
n
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verview
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hesis
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urk
ish�����������������������
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omparison
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puter
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Turk
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urk
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OT
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ase-frame
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e
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ner
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ner
ora
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ial��yIncA
fora
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adverb
ial�etc�
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ner
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nct
ofth
efollow
ing
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ceis
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exam
ple
man
ner
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etim
ead
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ofth
esecon
dsen
tence
isan
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ple
temp
oralad
verbial�
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run�ADVBroom�DATenter�PAST��SG
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um
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esu
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givenin
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endix
A�
����
GappedSententia
lClauses
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ithparticip
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�relative
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and
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i�er
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nphrase�
which
isth
e�ller
ofth
egap
�T
here
aretw
ostrategies
ofrelativ
ization�subject
participle
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edcon
stituen
tis
the
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jectof
the
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andobject
participle�th
e
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stituen
tis
anyth
ing
other
than
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sub
ject� ��
�!�T
hese
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erin
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hological
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ings
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and
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jectof
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and
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e
presen
ceof
anagreem
ent
betw
eenth
esu
bject
and
the
verbof
the
clause�
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selectionof
morp
hological
mark
ings
dep
ends
onth
eth
ematic
roleof
the
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voicean
dtran
sitivity
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everb
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esen
tentialclau
se�an
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esp
eci�city
ofth
e
CHAPTER��TURKISH
��
sub
jectof
the
senten
tialclau
se�T
he
su&
xth
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endix
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di�
erent
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d
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nphrase
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�
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bject
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esu
bject
isgap
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�it
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mark
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itive�
and
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tbetw
eenth
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and
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ject�T
he
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senten
ceis
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ample
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bject
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ientered
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�
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jectparticip
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bject
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seis
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edgen
itivean
dth
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ism
arked
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ap
ossessive
su&
x�agreein
gw
ithth
esu
bject��
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direct
object
ofth
efollow
ing
senten
ceis
anex
ample
toob
jectparticip
les�
���� O
nun
iverd
i�gi!kitab
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udum
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he�GEN
enter�PART�P�SGbook�ACCread�PAST��SG
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i�that
i �he
gaveme�
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urk
ish�
unb
ounded
relativization
�relativ
izationin
emb
edded
clauses�
is
alsop
ossible�
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direct
object
ofth
efollow
ing
senten
ceis
anex
ample
toun�
bou
nded
dep
enden
cies�
����A
dam
i
okum
ak!
istedi�gin
i!soy
ledi�gi!
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�i
man
read#
INFwant�PART�P�SG�ACCsay�PART�P�SGbook�ACC
�The
man
didn�tread
thebook
thathe
toldhe
wanted
toread�
okum
ad��
read�NEG�PAST��SG
The
details
ofrelativ
izationin
Turk
ishare
investigated
by
Barker
etal �!
and
Gun
gordu
�!�
Chapter�
Generatio
nofTurkish
Sentences
This
chap
terdescrib
esth
egen
erationof
Turk
ishsen
tences�
Inth
e�rst
section�
we
explain
the
architectu
reof
our
generator�
Then
�w
epresen
ta
comparison
of
our
work
with
other
relatedw
orks�
���
TheArchitectureoftheGenerator
�����
Approach
Inord
erto
generate
Turk
ishsen
tences
ofvary
ing
complex
ity�w
ehave
design
ed
arecu
rsivelystru
ctured
�nite
statem
achin
ew
hich
canalso
han
dle
the
chan
ges
incon
stituen
tord
er�O
ur
implem
entation
environ
men
tis
the
Gen
Kit
system
��!�develop
edat
Carn
egieM
ellonU
niv
ersity C
enter
forM
achin
eT
ranslation
�
Morp
hological
realizationhas
been
implem
ented
usin
gan
extern
alm
orphological
analy
sis�generation
compon
ent�d
eveloped
usin
gX
ER
OX
Tw
oL
evelTools�
which
perform
scon
cretem
orphem
eselection
and
han
dles
morp
hograp
hem
icprocesses�
The
generation
process
getsas
input
afeatu
restru
cture
represen
ting
the
con�
tent
ofth
esen
tence
where
allth
elex
icalch
oiceshave
been
mad
e�th
enprod
uces
asou
tput
the
surface
formof
the
senten
ce�T
he
feature
structu
resfor
senten
ces
��
CHAPTER��GENERATIONOFTURKISHSENTENCES
��
arerep
resented
usin
ga
case�frame
represen
tation�
The
factth
atsen
tential
argu�
men
tsof
verbs
adhere
toth
esam
em
orphosy
ntactic
constrain
tsas
the
nom
inal
argum
ents
enab
lesa
nice
recursiv
eem
bed
din
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case�frames
ofsim
ilargen
eral
structu
reto
be
used
torep
resent
senten
tialargu
men
ts�
�����
Sim
pleSentences
Inth
issection
�w
ew
illex
plain
the
generation
ofpred
icative�ex
istential�
and
attributive
senten
ces�O
ur
input
feature
structu
resan
d�nite
statem
achin
es
forgiv
ing
the
outlin
esof
pred
icative�
existen
tial�an
dattrib
utive
senten
cesdi�
er
slightly�
Therefore�
foreach
kin
dof
simple
senten
ce�w
epresen
tth
ecase�fram
e
and
the
correspon
din
g�nite
statem
achin
e�
CHAPTER��GENERATIONOFTURKISHSENTENCES
��
Predicativ
eSentences
We
use
the
followin
ggen
eralcase�fram
efeatu
restru
cture
toen
code
the
conten
ts
ofa
pred
icativesen
tence�
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e adverb
ial particip
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icativ
e
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e re�
exive recip
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e causativ
e
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impera
tive optativ
e necessita
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gativ
e declara
tive
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�������
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e
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t past
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e habitu
al etc�
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tiality
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ARGUMENTS
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constituent�poss�constituent ��� ����������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������
We
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ationgiv
enin
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togu
ide
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gram�
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erating
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riatesen
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constitu
ent
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inform
ation
isex
ploited
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eargram
mar
�recursiv
elystru
ctured
neverth
eless�to
generate
the
prop
erord
erof
constitu
ents
atevery
senten
tiallev
el�in
cludin
gem
�
bed
ded
senten
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ithth
eirow
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structu
re��T
he
simpli�
ed
CHAPTER��GENERATIONOFTURKISHSENTENCES
��
outlin
eof
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right
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gramm
aris
givenas
a�nite
statem
achin
e�T
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recur�
sive
beh
avior
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is�nite
statem
achin
ecom
esfrom
the
factth
atth
ein
div
idual
argum
ent
orad
junct
constitu
ents
canalso
emb
edsen
tential
clauses�
The
details
ofth
efeatu
restru
ctures
forsen
tential
clauses
arevery
similar
toth
estru
cture
forth
ecase�fram
e�T
hus�
when
anargu
men
tor
adju
nct�
which
isa
senten
tial
clause�
isto
be
realized�
the
clause
isrecu
rsively
generated
by
usin
gth
esam
eset
oftran
sitions�
The
outlin
eof
agram
mar
forgen
erating
pred
icative
senten
cescan
be
given
by
arecu
rsive�nite
statem
achin
e�F
SM
��B
eforeproceed
ing
toth
isF
SM
�in
order
toease
the
understan
din
gof
it�a
simpler
exam
ple
ina
simpler
dom
ainw
illb
e
given�
Inth
issim
ple
dom
ain�
the
only
argum
ents
ofth
everb
aresu
bject
and
direct
object�
there
isno
adju
nct�
and
the
only
constitu
ent
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ein
formation
structu
reis
the
focus�
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defau
ltw
ordord
eris�
subject
directobject
verb
The
constitu
ent
which
isto
be
emphasized
�th
efocu
s�m
ovesto
the
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ediately
preverb
alp
osition�
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inth
efollow
ing
exam
ple�
the
�rst
senten
ceis
inth
ede�
fault
order�
and
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esecon
dsen
tence�
the
sub
ject�"A
li��is
the
focus�
����a�
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topu
att���D
efault
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��
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b�
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liatt��
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isfocu
s�
ball�ACCAlithrow�PAST��SG
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who
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The
outlin
eof
agram
mar
forth
issim
ple
dom
aincan
be
given
with
the
�nite
statem
achin
ein
Figu
re����
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is�nite
statem
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e�th
etran
sitionfrom
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stateto
state��
labeled
Subject
generates
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ject�if
itis
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ned
and
itis
not
the
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erwise�
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transition
isdon
e�w
hich
generates
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pty
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Then
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e
CHAPTER��GENERATIONOFTURKISHSENTENCES
��
DIR
-OBJ
NIL
NIL
VER
B
SUBJ
0
NIL
Subj=*undef* orFocus=Subj
SUBJ
*undef*
Dir-obj=
Focus=*undef* or
Focus=Dir-obj or
Focus=Verb
Focus=Subj
12
34
cd
~c~d
Figu
re����
The
�nite
statem
achin
efor
givin
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tline
ofa
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arfor
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state��
labeled
Dir�o
bj�
generates
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if
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ned
�T
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transition
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state��
labeled
Subject�
generates
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jectif
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the
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ally�th
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eratedw
ithth
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sition
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�to
the
�nal
state�lab
eledverb
�
Exten
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issim
ple
dom
ainto
coverall
the
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ents
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everb
�ad
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and
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ationstru
cture
constitu
ents�
we
getth
e�nite
statem
achin
egiven
in
Figu
res���
and
���to
givean
outlin
eof
our
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arfor
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gpred
icative
senten
ces�
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statem
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e�tran
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arelab
eledby
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tsan
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�
stituen
ts�sh
own
inb
oldface
along
atran
sitionarc�
which
aregen
eratedw
hen
those
constrain
tsare
satis�ed
�If
any
transition
has
aNIL
label�
then
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formis
generated
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attran
sition�
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sfrom
state�
tostate
�
generate
the
constitu
ent
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isth
etop
ic�If
the
topic
isnot
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ned
�th
enth
e
NIL
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istak
en�
which
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pty
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state��
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ents
inth
edefau
ltord
er�T
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erateth
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ent
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eratedby
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CHAPTER��GENERATIONOFTURKISHSENTENCES
��
Subject Time Place Dir-obj Beneficiary Source Goal Location Instrument Value
NIL NIL NIL NILNIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NILTopic=Subject or
Focus=Subject or
Topic=Time or
Focus=Time or
Topic=Place or
Focus=Place or Focus=Beneficiary or
Topic=Beneficiary or
Focus=Source or
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Focus=Goal or
Topic=Location or
Focus=Location or
Background=Location
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Topic=Instrument or
Background=Instrument
Topic=Value or
Focus=Value or
Topic=Dir-obj or
Focus=Dir-obj or
Subject
Time
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Topic=Subject
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Dir-obj
Topic=Place
Topic=Dir-objBeneficiaryTopic=Beneficiary
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Topic=Goal
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Topic=Instrument
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Topic=Path
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Manner
Verb
Topic=Duration
Topic=Manner
Topic=Verb
Background=Dir-obj or
NIL
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Topic=*undefined*
Background=Place orBackground=Time or Background=Beneficiary Background=Source Background=Goal or Background=Value orBackground=Subject or Time = *undefined* Place=*undefined*
Dir-obj=*undefined*
or
Beneficiary=*undefined*or
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Location=*undefined* Instrument=*undefined*
or Value=*undefined*Subject=*undefined*
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c
~c
Figu
re����
The
�nite
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efor
pred
icative
senten
ces�P
artI��
CHAPTER��GENERATIONOFTURKISHSENTENCES
��
Manner
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MannerFocus=Manner
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11 12 13 14 15 16 17
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Dir-obj
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NIL
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re����
The
�nite
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artII��
CHAPTER��GENERATIONOFTURKISHSENTENCES
��
When
the
followin
gcase�fram
eis
sent
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erator�sin
ceit
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and
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ationstru
cture�
the
constitu
ents
aregen
eratedin
the
defau
ltord
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isth
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tence
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case�frame�
���������������������������������������������
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pred
icative
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����������
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SUBJECT
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hm
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asa ���������
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E d
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etleft
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tableyesterday�
Con
siderin
gth
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tent�
the
followin
gcase�fram
eis
the
same
asth
eprev
i�
ous
one�
How
ever�th
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ehas
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soan
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ation
structu
re�w
hich
expresses
that
expression
oftim
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topic�
sub
jectis
focus�
and
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Therefore�
the
senten
cegen
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hen
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case�frame
issen
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the
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isnot
inth
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Figu
re���
dem
onstrates
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the
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mach
ine
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erateth
issen
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asa ���������
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time
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ject
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yesterdaybook�ACCAhmet
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etwho
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bookyesterday
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CHAPTER��GENERATIONOFTURKISHSENTENCES
��
Subject Time Place Dir-obj Beneficiary Source Goal Location Instrument Value
NIL NIL NIL NILNIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NILTopic=Subject or
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Topic=Time or
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Topic=Place or
Focus=Place or Focus=Beneficiary or
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Appendix
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�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
���
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
�specifier
��quan
��definite
�
�possessor
��roles
��roletheme
�arg
��s�formparticiple
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootkullan
�sensepositive
�tensepast
�arguments
��subject
��referent
��agr
��numberplural
�person�
�dir�obj
��referent
��arg
��conceptdosya
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�specifier
��quan
��definite
�
�adjuncts
��time
��p�nameson
�intensifier
��degreeen
�control
��is
��focussubject
�adjuncts
��place
��referent
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
��arg
��referent
��arg
��conceptistem
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��arg
��conceptbilgi
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��arg
��conceptdosya
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�time
��roles
��rolefact
�arg
��s�formparticiple
�clause�typepredicative
�voicepassive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootgOster
�sensepositive
�tensepast
�arguments
��subject
��referent
��arg
��conceptgOrUntU
�agr
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
��numbersingular
�person�
�specifier
��quan
��definite�
�classifier
��referent
��roles
��roleact
�arg
��s�forminf�def�act
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootCalIS
�sensepositive
�arguments
��instrument
��referent
��arg
��conceptbelge
�agr
��numberplural
�person�
�specifier
��spec�rel
��relationlocation
�argument
��referent
��arg
��conceptdosya
�agr
��numberplural
�person�
�sem��temporal�
�adjuncts
��manner
��quantifier
��roother
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
Output�
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�dosya� AGR��PL� POSS�NONE� CASE�LOC�
CONV�ADJ�REL�����dosyalardaki
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�belge� AGR��PL� POSS�NONE� CASE�INS�����belgelerle
CAT�VERB� ROOT�CalIS� SENSE�POS� CONV�NOUN�MA� TYPE�INFINITIVE�
AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����CalISma
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�gOrUntU� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�NOM�����gOrUntUsU
CAT�ADJ� ROOT�her� TYPE�DETERMINER�����her
CAT�VERB� ROOT�gOster� VOICE�PASS� SENSE�POS� CONV�NOUN�DIK�
AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�LOC�����gOsterildiGinde
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�dosya� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����dosya
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�bilgi� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����bilgi
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�istem� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�LOC�����isteminde
CAT�ADVERB� ROOT�en�����en
CAT�ADJ� ROOT�son�����son
CAT�VERB� ROOT�kullan� SENSE�POS� CONV�ADJ�DIK� POSS��PL��
���kullandIGInIz
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�dosya� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�GEN�����dosyanIn
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�ad� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�NOM�����adI
CAT�VERB� ROOT�yer�al� SENSE�POS� TAM��AORIST� AGR��SG�����yer�alIr
PERIOD�����
Example
��
Input�
�kullanImtanItImalanIndabelgebiCiminitanImlayanmetin
�tanItImInInadIyeralIr
��s�formfinite
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootyer�al
�sensepositive
�tensepresent
�aspectaorist
�control
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
��is
��focussubject
�adjuncts
��place
��referent
��arg
��referent
��arg
��conceptalan
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��arg
��concepttanItIm
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��arg
��conceptkullanIm
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�arguments
��subject
��referent
��arg
��conceptad
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�possessor
��roles
��roleagent
�arg
��s�formparticiple
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��roottanImla
�sensepositive
�tensepast
�arguments
��dir�obj
��referent
��arg
��conceptbiCim
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��arg
��conceptbelge
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�subject
��referent
��arg
��concepttanItIm
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��arg
��conceptmetin
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
Output�
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�kullanIm� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����kullanIm
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�tanItIm� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����tanItIm
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�alan� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�LOC�����alanInda
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�belge� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����belge
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�biCim� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�ACC�����biCimini
CAT�VERB� ROOT�tanImla� SENSE�POS� CONV�ADJ�YAN�����tanImlayan
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�metin� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����metin
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�tanItIm� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�GEN�����tanItImInIn
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�ad� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�NOM�����adI
CAT�VERB� ROOT�yer�al� SENSE�POS� TAM��AORIST� AGR��SG�����yer�alIr
PERIOD�����
Example
��
Input�
�MetniyazarkenkullanabileceGiniziSlevtuSlarInIiCeren
�listeningOrUntUnUnaltbOlUmUndegOsterilmesiniseCebilirsiniz
��s�formfinite
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootseC
�sensepositive
�modalityyabil
�tensepresent
�aspectaorist
�arguments
��subject
��referent
��agr
��numberplural
�person�
�dir�obj
��roles
��roleact
�arg
��s�forminf�def�act
�clause�typepredicative
�voicepassive
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootgOster
�sensepositive
�arguments
��subject
��referent
��arg
��conceptliste
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�roles
��roleagent
�arg
��s�formparticiple
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootiCer
�sensepositive
�tensepast
�arguments
��subject
��referent
��arg
��conceptliste
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�dir�obj
��roles
��roletheme
�arg
��s�formparticiple
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootkullan
�sensepositive
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
�modalityyabil
�tensefuture
�arguments
��dir�obj
��referent
��arg
��concepttuS
�agr
��numberplural
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��arg
��conceptiSlev
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�specifier
��quan
��definite
�
�subject
��referent
��agr
��numberplural
�person�
�adjuncts
��time
��adv�typewhile
�argument
��s�formadverbial
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootyaz
�sensepositive
�tensepresent
�aspectaorist
�arguments
��dir�obj
��referent
��arg
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
��conceptmetin
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�specifier
��quan
��definite
�
�location
��referent
��arg
��conceptbOlUm
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�modifier
��qualitative
��p�namealt
�possessor
��referent
��arg
��conceptgOrUntU
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
Output�
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�metin� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�ACC�����metni
CAT�VERB� ROOT�yaz� SENSE�POS� TAM��AORIST� CONV�ADVERB�KEN��
���yazarken
CAT�VERB� ROOT�kullan� SENSE�POS� COMP�YABIL� CONV�ADJ�YACAK�
POSS��PL�����kullanabileceGiniz
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�iSlev� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����iSlev
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�tuS� AGR��PL� POSS��SG� CASE�ACC�����tuSlarInI
CAT�VERB� ROOT�iCer� SENSE�POS� CONV�ADJ�YAN�����iCeren
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�liste� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�GEN�����listenin
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�gOrUntU� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�GEN��
���gOrUntUnUn
CAT�ADJ� ROOT�alt�����alt
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�bOlUm� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�LOC�����bOlUmUnde
CAT�VERB� ROOT�gOster� VOICE�PASS� SENSE�POS� CONV�NOUN�MA�
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
TYPE�INFINITIVE� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�ACC�����gOsterilmesini
CAT�VERB� ROOT�seC� SENSE�POS� COMP�YABIL� TAM��AORIST� AGR��PL��
���seCebilirsiniz
PERIOD�����
Example��
Input�
�gOrUntUdekiikincisatIr�yUrUrlUktekikenarboSluGuvesekme
�noktasIayarlarInIgOsterenOlCeksatIrIdIr
��s�formfinite
�clause�typeattributive
�relis�a
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootto�be
�sensepositive
�tensepresent
�aspectaorist
�arguments
��subject
��referent
��arg
��conceptsatIr
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�modifier
��ordinal
��order�
�specifier
��spec�rel
��relationlocation
�argument
��referent
��arg
��conceptgOrUntU
�agr
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
��numbersingular
�person�
�sem��temporal�
�pred�property
��roles
��roleagent
�arg
��s�formparticiple
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootgOster
�sensepositive
�tensepast
�arguments
��subject
��referent
��arg
��conceptsatIr
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��arg
��conceptOlCek
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�dir�obj
��conjve
�elements
��multiple�
��referent
��arg
��conceptboSluk
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�classifier
��referent
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
��arg
��conceptkenar
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�specifier
��spec�rel
��relationlocation
�argument
��referent
��arg
��conceptyUrUrlUk
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�sem��temporal�
��referent
��arg
��conceptayar
�agr
��numberplural
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��arg
��conceptnokta
�agr
��numbersingular
�person�
�classifier
��referent
��roles
��roleact
�arg
��s�forminf�def�act
�clause�typepredicative
�voiceactive
�speech�actdeclarative
�verb
��rootsek
�sensepositive
�specifier
APPENDIX
C�EXAMPLESFROMCOMPUTERMANUALS
���
��quan
��definite�
Output�
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�gOrUntU� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�LOC�
CONV�ADJ�REL�����gOrUntUdeki
CAT�ADJ� ROOT�ikinci� TYPE�ORDINAL�����ikinci
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�satIr� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����satIr
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�yUrUrlUk� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�LOC�
CONV�ADJ�REL�����yUrUrlUkteki
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�kenar� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����kenar
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�boSluk� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�NOM�����boSluGu
CAT�CONN� ROOT�ve�����ve
CAT�VERB� ROOT�sek� SENSE�POS� CONV�NOUN�MA� TYPE�INFINITIVE�
AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����sekme
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�nokta� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�NOM�����noktasI
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�ayar� AGR��PL� POSS��SG� CASE�ACC�����ayarlarInI
CAT�VERB� ROOT�gOster� SENSE�POS� CONV�ADJ�YAN�����gOrteren
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�OlCek� AGR��SG� POSS�NONE� CASE�NOM�����OlCek
CAT�NOUN� ROOT�satIr� AGR��SG� POSS��SG� CASE�NOM�
CONV�VERB�NONE� TAM��PRES� COPULA��� AGR��SG�����
satIrIdIr
PERIOD�����