GEOGRAPHYWritten examination

Friday 15 November 2013 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookNumber ofquestions

Number of questionsto be answered

Number ofmarks

5 5 60

• Students are permitted to bring into the examination room: pens, pencils, highlighters, erasers, sharpeners, rulers, coloured pencils, water-based pens and markers.

• Students are NOT permitted to bring into the examination room: blank sheets of paper and/or white out liquid/tape.

• No calculator is allowed in this examination.

Materials supplied• Question and answer book of 13 pages.• A data book.• Additional space is available at the end of the book if you need extra paper to complete an answer.

Instructions• Write your student number in the space provided above on this page.

• All written responses must be in English.

At the end of the examination• You may keep the data book.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

© VICTORIAN CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT AUTHORITY 2013

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certifi cate of Education2013

Figures

Words

STUDENT NUMBER Letter

2013 GEOG EXAM 2

InstructionsAnswer all questions in the spaces provided. Refer to the data book as indicated.

Use Figure 1 on pages 2–4 of the data book when responding to Question 1.

Question 1 (3 marks)Select the most appropriate answer (A.–E.) for each of the following questions and write your answers in the boxes.

a. In which direction does the Darling River mainly fl ow? 1 markA. northB. north-eastC. southD. south-westE. west

b. What is the amount of annual average rainfall that is received by the largest portion of the Murray-Darling Basin? 1 markA. more than 2000 millimetresB. between 1000 and 2000 millimetresC. between 500 and 1000 millimetresD. between 250 and 500 millimetresE. less than 250 millimetres

c. What is the agricultural product with the largest irrigated area in the Murray-Darling Basin? 1 markA. pastureB. cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rice)C. vegetablesD. fruit, including grapesE. cotton

3 2013 GEOG EXAM

Question 2 – continued TURN OVER

Use Figure 2 on pages 6 and 7 of the data book when responding to Question 2.

Question 2 (17 marks)a. Describe the spatial association between the distribution of water resources and the patterns of

land use in area A and in area B. 4 marks

area A

area B

b. Identify and describe a management policy or strategy that has been developed for water use in either one part of the Murray-Darling Basin or the whole Basin. 3 marks

2013 GEOG EXAM 4

c. Explain why the management policy or strategy identifi ed in part b. has been developed. 5 marks

d. To what extent has this management policy or strategy been successful or to what extent is it likely to be successful? 5 marks

5 2013 GEOG EXAM

Question 3 – continuedTURN OVER

Question 3 (10 marks)Identify a local resource for which you have collected data in the fi eld.

a. Justify one of the following classifi cations for your local resource. 2 marks• human• natural• renewable• non-renewable

2013 GEOG EXAM 6

Question 3 – continued

b. In the space below, sketch a map of your local resource to show 4 marks• the distribution of major features• a major movement within or into the resource• orientation, legend and title.

7 2013 GEOG EXAM

TURN OVER

c. With reference to the movement that you have mapped, discuss the sustainability of this resource. 4 marks

2013 GEOG EXAM 8

Question 4 – continued

Use Figure 3 on pages 8–11 of the data book when responding to Question 4.

Question 4 (15 marks)a. Identify and quantify one trend that is evident in the mid-year population for the world

from 1950 to 2050. 2 marks

b. i. At which stage of the Demographic Transition is the projected population of country A in 2050? 1 mark

ii. Justify your answer. 2 marks

c. Demographers have concluded that, in 1990, country B was at stage 2 of the Demographic Transition.

Suggest two reasons for their conclusion. 2 marks

9 2013 GEOG EXAM

TURN OVER

d. Compare the changes in country B’s population structure with those of one other country that you have studied. 4 marks

e. Evaluate the effectiveness of a response or a policy of either a government or an organisation that is designed to manage changes in a population. 4 marks

2013 GEOG EXAM 10

Question 5 – continued

Question 5 (15 marks)Identify a global phenomenon that you have studied. Do not select the phenomenon of human population.

a. Describe the distribution of your selected global phenomenon, making reference to the spatial concept of ‘region’. 3 marks

b. Discuss the relative importance of factors explaining the distribution of your selected global phenomenon. 5 marks

11 2013 GEOG EXAM

TURN OVER

c. Outline how a government or non-government organisation has responded to the impacts of the global phenomenon that you have selected at a regional or global scale. 4 marks

d. ‘Responses of government or non-government organisations could make a considerable impact on the future distribution of global phenomena.’

Evaluate this statement with reference to the global distribution that you described in part a. 3 marks

END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

2013 GEOG EXAM 12

Extra space for responses

Clearly number all responses in this space.

13 2013 GEOG EXAM

A script book is available from the supervisor if you need extra paper to complete your answer. Please ensure you write your student number in the space provided on the front cover of the script book. At the end of the examination, place the script book inside the front cover of this question and answer book.

Victorian Certificate of Education 2013

GEOGRAPHYWritten examination

Friday 15 November 2013 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)

DATA BOOK

Directions to students

• Aquestionandanswerbookisprovidedwiththisdatabook.

• Refertothedatainthisbookforeachquestionasindicatedinthequestionandanswerbook.

• Thedatacontainedinthisbookisdrawnfromcurrentrealworldcasestudies.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2013

2

Figure 1a: Australia’s average annual rainfall

1000

20001000

500

500

1000

1000

500

1000

250

250

500

2000

1000

1000

1000

Darwin

Perth

Adelaide

Melbourne

Hobart

Canberra

Sydney

Brisbane

500

500

0

isohyet

2000 and over

Mean annual rainfall (millimetres)

State/Territory boundary

1000 km

N

1000–2000 500–1000 250–500 Less than 250

Figure 1 Water as a resource

Source: Commonwealth of Australia, Bureau of Meteorology

3 TURN OVER

Figure 1b: The Murray-Darling Basin

200 km0

N

BRISBANE

SYDNEY

CANBERRA

MELBOURNE

ADELAIDE

Bourke

VICTORIA

NEWSOUTHWALES

SOUTHAUSTRALIA

ACT

QUEENSLAND

Murray-Darling Basin

State/Territory boundary

River, permanent

River, intermittent

Key

DARLING RIVER

Figure 1 Water as a resource

4

Figure 1c: Irrigated areas of agricultural products in the Murray-Darling Basin

Figure 1 Water as a resource

Pasture

Key

Cereals (wheat, barley, oats, rice)

Cotton

Fruit

Grapes

Vegetables

Other

5 TURN OVER

THIS PAGE IS BLANK

Figure 1 Water as a resource

6

Figure 2a: Satellite image of the area around BourkeSource: Google Earth 2013

0 5 km

N

Figure 2 Murray-Darling Basin

7 TURN OVER

Figure 2b: Water resources of the area around Bourke

Figure 2c: Local region around Bourke

0

Water storages Water courses

5 km

N

Darling River

Water courses0 5 km

N

Darling River

Area A

Area B

Figure 2 Murray-Darling Basin

8

Figure 3a: Total mid-year population for the world, 1950–2050

Source of data: International Data Base, US Census Bureau, 2013

Year Population Annual growth rate, percentage

Annual population change

1950 2 557 628 654 1.458 37 291 003

1955 2 782 001 154 1.912 53 181 139

1960 3 042 828 380 1.346 40 971 588

1965 3 350 186 115 2.096 70 230 383

1970 3 712 338 708 2.090 77 602 517

1975 4 088 619 689 1.739 71 096 155

1980 4 450 924 299 1.862 82 883 615

1985 4 855 387 634 1.729 83 944 807

1990 5 287 166 778 1.569 82 975 918

1995 5 699 516 291 1.411 80 396 121

2000 6 089 810 661 1.261 76 772 319

2005 6 473 525 274 1.201 77 731 723

2010 6 863 770 931 1.121 76 941 424

2015 7 250 104 524 1.061 76 942 673

2020 7 628 361 509 0.959 73 142 322

2025 7 984 471 678 0.853 68 084 040

2030 8 314 556 118 0.756 62 841 608

2035 8 618 975 745 0.672 57 903 387

2040 8 898 921 851 0.596 53 017 698

2045 9 154 029 673 0.523 47 903 754

2050* 9 383 147 855 0.464 42 203 781

Figure 3 Human population

*projected figures

9 TURN OVER

Stage 1

Key

Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stage 5

Birthsand

deathsper

1000peoplea year

High

Low

Birth rate

Death rate

Time

Natural increase in population

Natural decrease in population

Figure 3b: The Demographic Transition model

The Demographic Transition is a model of population change that is based on birth rates and death rates. Each stage has no specific time length and is linked to the social and economic development of a population.

Figure 3 Human population

10

Figure 3c: Population age structures, country A, 2050

380

Population (in thousands)

304 228 152 76 0 0

0–4

Age group

Country A – 2050

5–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

76 152 228 304 380

Population (in thousands)

Male Female

Figure 3 Human population

11

END OF DATA BOOK

Figure 3d: Population age structures, country B

6Population (in millions)

4.8 3.6 2.4 1.2 0 0

0–4

Age group

Country B – 1990

5–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6Population (in millions)

Male Female

6Population (in millions)

4.8 3.6 2.4 1.2 0 0

0–4

Age group

Country B – 2013

5–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

1.2 2.4 3.6 4.8 6Population (in millions)

Male Female

5Population (in millions)

4 3 2 1 0 0

0–4

Age group

Country B – 2050

5–910–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–6970–7475–7980–8485–8990–9495–99100+

1 2 3 4 5Population (in millions)

Male Female

Source of data for Figures 3c and 3d: International Data Base, US Census Bureau, 2013

Figure 3 Human population