Strictly Based on the Latest Syllabus issued by CBSE Board for 2015 Examination

Physics

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UNIT-I : Electrostatics

1. Electric Charges and Field 1 - 21

2. Electrostatic Potential & Capacitance 22 - 40

UNIT-II : Current Electricity3. Current Electricity 41 - 68

UNIT-III : Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism4. Moving Charges and Magnetism 69 - 95

5. Magnetism 96 - 107

UNIT-IV : Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current

6. Electromagnetic Induction 108 - 119

7. Alternating Currents 120 - 139

UNIT-V : Electromagnetic Waves

8. Electromagnetic Waves 140 - 152

UNIT-VI : Optics9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments 153 - 182

10. Wave Optics 183 - 205

UNIT-VII : Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation11. Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation 206 - 221

UNIT-VIII : Atomic Nucleus12. Atoms 222 - 232

13. Nuclei 233 - 247

UNIT-IX : Electronic Devices14. Electronics : Semi-conductors and Material Devices 248 - 272

UNIT-X : Communication Systems15. Communication Systems 273 - 288

( iii )

CONTENTS

Syllabus v - vii

Solved Paper - 2014 1 - 39

Solved Paper, Compartment - 2013 1 - 15

One Paper Time : Three Hours Marks : 70

Unit Marks

1. Electrostatics 8

2. Current Electricity 7

3. Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism 8

4. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current 8

5. Electromagnetic waves 3

6. Optics 14

7. Dual Nature of Matter 4

8. Atoms and Nuclei 6

9. Electronic Devices 7

10. Communication System 5

Total 70

The Question Papers will include value based question(s) to the extent of 3-5 marks.

UNIT I : Electrostatics (Periods 25)

Electric Charges; Conservation of charge, Coulomb's law - Forces between two point charges,forces between multiple charges; Superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.

Electric field, electric field lines, electric field due to a point charge; electric dipole, electric fielddue to a dipole at axial and equitorial position; torque on a dipole in uniform electric field.

Electric flux, statement of Gauss's theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely longstraight wire, uniformly charged inifinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell(field inside and outside).

Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and systemof charges; equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges andof electric dipoles in an electrostatic field.

Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor; Dielectrics andelectric polarisation, capacitor and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel,capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with dielectric medium between the plates, energy storedin a capacitor. Van de Graff generator.

UNIT II : Current Electricity (Periods 22)

Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, andtheir relation with electric current; Ohm's law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (linearand non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity, Carbon resistors,colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combination of resistors; effect of temperatureon resistance.

Emf and potential difference of a cell, internal resistance of a cell, combination of cells in seriesand in parallel.

( iv )

SYLLABUS(Issued by Board)

Physics (042)Class XII (2013-14)

Annexure ‘H’

Total Periods : 180

Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, Meter bridge.

Potentiometer - principle and applications to measure potential difference and for comparing emfof two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.

UNIT-III : Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism (Periods 25)

Concept of magnetic field, Oersted's experiment.

Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.

Ampere's law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire. Straight and toroidal solenoids,Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.

Force on current - carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallelcurrent carrying conductors -definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in auniform magnetic field, moving coil galvanometer - its current sensitivity and conversion toammeter and voltmeter.

Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment; Magnetic dipole moment of arevolving electron; Magnetic field intensity due to magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along the axisand perpendicular to its axis; Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magneticfield; Bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, Magnetic field lines; Earth's magnetic field and magneticelements; Para-, dia- and ferro-magnetic substances with examples, Electromagnets and factorsaffecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.

UNIT-IV : Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current (Periods 20)

Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's laws, Induced emf and current, Lenz's law, Eddy currents,Self and mutual inductance.

Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/voltage, reactance and impedance;LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits,wattless current.

AC generator and transformer.

UNIT-V : Electromagnetic Waves (Periods 4)

Need for Displacement current, Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideasonly); Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.

Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infra-red, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays, gammarays) including elementary facts about their uses.

UNIT-VI : Optics (Periods 30)

Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflectionand its applications, optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lensmaker's formula; Magnification, Power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact; combinationof a lens & a mirror, Scattering of light - blue colour of sky and reddish appearance of the sun atsunrise & sunset; Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.

Wave optics : Wave front and Huygen's principle; Reflection and refraction of plane wave at aplane surface using wave fronts. Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens' Principle.Interference, coherent sources and sustained interferance of light, Young's double slit experimentand expression for fringe width. Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.Polarisation, Plane polarised light, Brewster's law, Use of plane polarised light and Polaroids.

( v )

Optical instruments : Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eyedefects (myopia, hypermetropia) using lenses. Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflectingand refracting). Magnifying powers and resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes.

UNIT-VII : Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation (Periods 8)

Dual nature of radiation. Photoelectric effect, Experimental observation and their significance,Hertz and Lenard's observations; Einstein Photoelectric equation - particle nature of light.

Matter waves - wave nature of particles, de-Broglie relation, Davisson and Germer experiments.

UNIT VIII : Atoms and Nuclei (Periods 18)

Alpha-particle scattering, experiment; Rutherford's model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels,hydrogen spectrum.

Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones. Radioactivity - Alpha,Beta and Gamma particles/rays and their properties, radioactive decay law. Mass-energy relation,mass defect, binding energy per nucleon, its variation with mass number, nuclear fission andnuclear fusion.

UNIT-IX : Electronic Devices (Periods 18)

Energy bands in solids, conductor, insulator and semiconductors; semiconductor diode - I-Vcharacteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED,photodiode, solar cell and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor,transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitterconfiguration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as switch.

UNIT-X : Communication Systems (Periods 10)

Elements of a communication system (block diagram only); bandwidth of signals (speech, TV anddigital data); bandwidth of tansmission medium. Propagation of electromagnetic waves in theatmosphere, sky and space wave propagation. Need for modulation. Production and detection ofan amplitude-modulated wave.

Practicals (Periods 60)

Every student will perform atleast 15 experiments (7 from section A and 8 from Section B) Theactivities mentioned here should only be for the purpose of demonstration. One Project of threemarks is to be carried out by the students.

B. Evaluation Scheme for Practical Examination : Total Periods : 60

Two experiments one from each section 8+8 Marks

Practical record (experiments & activities) 6 Marks

Project 3 Marks

Viva on experiments & project 5 Marks

30 Marks

SECTION-AExperiments(Any 7 experiments out of the following to be performed by the students)1. To find resistance of a given wire using meter bridge and hence determine the specific

resistance of its material.

( vi )

2. To determine resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential differenceversus current.

3. To verify the laws of combination (series/parallel) of resistances using a meter bridge.4. To compare the emf of two given primary cells using potentiometer.5. To determine the internal resistance of given primary cell using potentiometer.6. To determine resistance of a galvanometer by half-deflection method and to find its figure

of merit.7. To convert the given galvanometer (of known resistance and figure of merit) into an ammeter

and voltmeter of desired range and to verify the same.8. To find the frequency of the a.c. mains with a sonometer.

Activities

1. To measure the resistance and impedance of an inductor with or without iron core.2. To measure resistance, voltage (AC/DC), current (AC) and check continuity of a given circuit

using multimeter.3. To assemble a household circuit comprising three bulbs, three (on/off) switches, a fuse and a

power source.4. To assemble the components of a given electrical circuit.5. To study the variation in potential drop with length of a wire for a steady current.6. To draw the diagram of a given open circuit comprising at least a battery, resistor/rheostat,

key, ammeter and voltmeter. Mark the components that are not connected in proper orderand correct the circuit and also the circuit diagram.

SECTION BExperiments(Any 8 experiments out of the following to be performed by the students)1. To find the value of v for different values of u in case of a concave mirror and to find the focal

length.2. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens.3. To find the focal length of a convex lens by plotting graphs between u and v or between 1/u

and 1/v.4. To find the focal length of a concave lens, using a convex lens.5. To determine angle of minimum deviation for a given prism by plotting a graph between

angle of incidence and angle of deviation.6. To determine refractive index of a glass slab using a travelling microscope.7. To find refractive index of a liquid by using (i) concave mirror, (ii) convex lens and plane

mirror.8. To draw the I-V characteristic curve of a p-n junction in forward bias and reverse bias.9. To draw the characteristic curve of a zener diode and to determine its reverse break down

voltage.10. To study the characteristic of a common - emitter npn or pnp transistor and to find out the

values of current and voltage gains.Activities (For the purpose of demonstration only)1. To identify a diode, an LED, a transistor and IC, a resistor and a capacitor from mixed

collection of such items.2. Use of multimeter to (i) identify base of transistor (ii) distinguish between npn and pnp type

transistors (iii) see the unidirectional flow of current in case of a diode and an LED (iv) checkwhether a given electronic component (e.g. diode, transistor or IC) is in working order.

3. To study effect of intensity of light (by varying distance of the source) on an L.D.R.4. To observe refraction and lateral deviation of a beam of light incident obliquely on a glass

slab.5. To observe polarization of light using two polaroids.6. To observe diffraction of light due to a thin slit.7. To study the nature and size of the image formed by (i) convex lens (ii) concave mirror, on a

screen by using a candle and a screen (for different distances of the candle from the lens/mirror).

8. To obtain a lens combination with the specified focal length by using two lenses from thegiven set of lenses.

( vii )

SUGGESTED INVESTIGATORY PROJECTS

CLASS XII

1. To study various factors on which the internal resistance/emf of a cell depends.

2. To study the variations, in current flowing, in a circuit containing a LDR, because of a variation.(a) in the power of the incandescent lamp, used to ‘illuminate’ the LDR. (Keeping all the lamps

at a fixed distance).(b) in the distance of a incandescent lamp, (of fixed power), used to ‘illuminate’ the LDR.

3. To find the refractive indices of (a) water (b) oil (transparent) using a plane mirror, a equiconvexlens, (made from a glass of known refractive index) and an adjustable object needle.

4. To design an appropriate logic gate combination for a given truth table.

5. To investigate the relation between the ratio of :(i) output and input voltage and(ii) number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self designed transformer.

6. To investigate the dependence, of the angle of deviation, on the angle of incidence, using ahollow prism filled, one by one, with different transparent fluids.

7. To estimate the charge induced on each one of the two identical styro foam (or pith) balls suspendedin a vertical plane by making use of Coulomb’s law.

8. To set up a common base transistor circuit and to study its input and output characteristic andto calculate its current gain.

9. To study the factor, on which the self inductance, of a coil, depends, by observing the effect ofthis coil, when put in series with a resistor/(bulb) in a circuit fed up by an a.c. source of adjustablefrequency.

10. To construct a switch using a transistor and to draw the graph between the input and outputvoltage and mark the cut-off, saturation and active regions.

11. To study the earth’s magnetic field using a tangent galvanometer.

Recommended Text-books.

1. Physics, Class XI, Part -I & II, Published by NCERT.2. Physics, Class XII, Part -I & II, Published by NCERT.

( viii )

SolvedPaper

C.B.S.E.Compartment - 2013

Class—XII

Physics (Theory)

Time : 3 Hours ] [Maximum Marks : 100

General Instructions :(i) All questions are compulsory.(ii) There are 29 questions in total. Questions 1 to 8 are very short answer type questions and carry

one mark each.(iii) Questions 9 to 16 carry two marks each, questions 17 to 25 carry three marks each and ques-

tions 27 to 29 carry five marks each.(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two

marks, one question of three marks and all three questions of five marks each. You have toattempt only one of the choices in each question.

(v) Question 26 is a value based question carrying four marks.(vi) Use of calculators is not permitted. However, you may use log tables if necessary.(vii) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary :

c = 3 × 108 m/sh = 6.63 × 10– 34 Jse = 1.6 × 10– 19 C

µ0 = 4π × 10– 7 TmA– 1

0

14pe = 9 × 109 Nm2C– 2

me = 9·1 × 10– 31 kgMass of Neutron = 1·675 × 10– 27 kg

Mass of Proton = 1·673 × 10– 27 kg

Delhi Set - I Series SKS/C Code No. : 55/1/1

1. Write the expression for the work done on an electric dipole of dipole moment p→

in turning itfrom its position of stable equilibrium to a position of unstable equilibrium in a uniform electric

field .E→

2. Is the steady electric current the only source of magnetic field ? Justify your answer.

3. When is Hα line of the Balmer series in the emission spectrum of hydrogen atom obtained ?

4. Predict the polarity of the capacitor in the situation described in the figure.

S N S NC

5. Why is the core of a transformer laminated ?

6. Show on a plot the nature of variation of photoelectric current with the intensity of radiationincident on a photosensitive surface.

7. Where on the surface of Earth is the vertical component on Earth’s magnetic field zero ?

8. Two charges 2 µC and – 2 µC are placed at points A and B, 5 cm apart. Depict an equipotentialsurface of the system.

cont inue

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