storage basics1

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Prepared By - Date Page 1

Storage Basics

Presenter Name : C Sivagnana SubramaniyanPresenter Team: GIES Storage

Date: 15 May 2012


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At the end of this lesson, you will be able to

ConceptsHard disks, Disk and Tape storage

Raid Concepts

Storage Terminologies

Introduction to DAS, SAN and NAS SAN and its components

Storage Performance and advanced topics
http://www.csc.com/


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Classification based on Technology , speed and

capacity ATA , FC , SATA, SAS , SSD

Seek and Latency time
http://www.csc.com/


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RAID0

RAID01

RAID1

RAID5
http://www.csc.com/http://www.csc.com/http://www.csc.com/http://www.csc.com/http://www.csc.com/


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RAID Group

Stripe Size and Stripe Width Lun Mapping

Zoning

File and Block Level access

Interface and Protocols

FC Topologies

WWN
http://www.csc.com/


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http://www.csc.com/


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Scalability of inbuilt storage is limited to the servers predetermined

capacity and cannot be shared.

Extending the storage with scsi is Limited to 15 devices
http://www.csc.com/


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The most familiar form of storage.

This offers high performance. Runs on various versions of SCSI and newer

standards like eSATA

Access Devices like Hard disks, tape drives

& Robotic controls in a Tape library

Now expanding to USB based connections
http://www.csc.com/


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Storage Area Networks (SAN) offer a powerful solution for

consolidating storage resources to boost storage management,

flexibility, and cost effectiveness.
http://www.csc.com/


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Major Vendors & some model

HP EVA / XP models

HDS AMS / USP / VSP

EMC Symmetrix / VMAX

/Clariion

IBM DS 48xx / 81xx

Brocade/ McData & QLogic

fabric switches

Netapp Filers
http://www.qlogic.com/http://images.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://www.pertlink.net/images/HP%20Logo.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.pertlink.net/events2003.html&h=955&w=1015&sz=41&tbnid=msFkpZeKpVTPuM:&tbnh=140&tbnw=149&prev=/images?q=hp+logo&start=2&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=2http://www.csc.com/


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http://www.csc.com/


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NAS Network Attached Storage

File-oriented access

Multiple Clients, Shared Access to Data

SAN Storage Area Network

Block-oriented access

Exclusive Access to Data
http://www.csc.com/


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Server to storage

Server to server

Storage to storage
http://www.csc.com/


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Improvements to application availability: Storage is

independent of applications and accessible through multiple

data paths for better reliability, availability, and serviceability.

Higher application performance: Storage processing is off-

loaded from servers and moved onto a separate network.

Centralized and consolidated storage: Simpler management,

scalability, flexibility, and availability.

Data transfer and vaulting to remote sites: Remote copy of

data enabled for disaster protection.

Simplified centralized management: Single image of storagemedia simplifies management.
http://www.csc.com/


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http://www.csc.com/


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A unique identifier used on a SCSI bus to distinguish between

devices that share the same bus

Address for individual disk
http://www.csc.com/


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SAN storage

SAN interconnects ( FC cables )

SAN Switches

FC Host Bus Adapters

SAN attached Server

SAN attached Tape Libraries
http://www.csc.com/


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Fiber-optic cables come in two distinct types:

Multi-Mode fiber (MMF) for short distances (up to 2 km), Single-ModeFiber (SMF) for longer distances (up to 100 km).

Fibre Channel does not necessarily mean just fiber optic cable. Copper

or optical cables.
http://www.csc.com/


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SC (Siemens' Connector)

LC (Lucent Connector)
http://www.csc.com/


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GBICs are small serial-to-serial, hot-swappable modules

used to provide the media interface (copper or fiber)

2Gbit/sec devices use GBIC called a Small Form Factor Plug

(SFP)Short Wave Laser GBIC or SFP Up to 500 meters

Long Wave Laser GBIC or SFP Up to 10 kilometers

Extended Long Wave Laser GBIC -Up to 80 kilometers
http://www.csc.com/


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Provides an interface between the server or workstation internal bus(such as PCI or SBUS) and the Fibre Channel network

HBA software driver provides the storage information required by the

operating system

Handles I/O and control requests

Copper/Optical media support (may be dual port cards)
http://www.csc.com/


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Switches are among the highest performing devices available for

interconnecting large numbers of devices, increasing bandwidth, reducing

congestion, and providing high aggregate throughput.
http://www.csc.com/


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Zoning is a method of providing access control in a Fibre

Channel fabric consisting of a single Fibre Channel switch orcascaded switches.

Port Zoning (Hard Zoning) Zoning by a switch's domain/port

numbers forming the S_ID

WWN Zoning (Soft Zoning) Zoning by a WWN of the attached

node. Each Fibre Channel node has two WWNs: a Port WWN

(WWPN) and a Node WWN (WWNN). The WWPN is a unique

number assigned to the physical Fibre Channel Port, and is the

name to be used in creating WWN zoning.
http://www.csc.com/


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Front End directors

Backend Directors Cache Memory

Data Flow
http://www.csc.com/


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File Server + Networked Storage = NAS

Use existing LAN/WAN

Attach directly to the network and allow file based

access to large amounts of fast storage. Use standard File sharing protocols NFS, CIFS etc.

Throughput depends on LAN/WAN infrastructure &

client machines.
http://www.csc.com/


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Highest availability Scales for growth

Avoids file replication

Increases flexibility

Reduces complexity

Improves security

Costs

Firewall

NAS

Internet

Data CenterS

n

S2....

S1

Internal

Network
http://www.csc.com/


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IP Network

Application

NAS

Device

NAS

SANORDirect

Attach

All I/O operations use file level I/Oprotocols

No awareness of disk volumes or disksectors

File system is mounted remotely using anetwork file access protocol, such as:

-Network File System (NFS)

-Common Internet File System(CIFS)I/O is redirected to remote system

Utilizes mature data transport (e.g.,TCP/IP) and media access protocols

NAS device assumes responsibility for

organizing data (R/W) on disk andmanaging cache
http://www.csc.com/


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Queue Depth

Luns per port

IOPS

Read Hit / Read Miss

Type of data [ sequential / random ]Raid type
http://www.csc.com/


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Thin provisioning

Replication and Disaster Recovery

Storage Virtualization

Multipathing Tools
http://www.csc.com/


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You have learned

Storage conceptsTypes of Storages

San Components

NAS Storages
http://www.csc.com/


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Ask me !! ?? !!
http://www.csc.com/


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Prepared By - Date Page 33

1. What are the storage protocols

2. Which type of FC can be used for efficient long distance data

transmission

3. How many Scsi devices can be connected in a daisy chain

4. List the san components5. What is a Lun

6. What are initiators and targets in a SAN network

7. How does a host view a San lun

8. What is a soft zone

9. What is lun masking

10. What is Raid 1


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