Steel HandbookMaterials Reference Book

32

Dear customerWe hope this book will prove useful to you as a practical steel reference guide. We have also made it small enough to comfortably carry around with you. Please just let us know if you would like additional copies.

Best regards, Stavanger Steel ASStålverksvegen 51N-4100 JØRPELANDNORWAYTel: +47 51 74 34 00 www.stavangersteel.noE-mail: post@stavangersteel.no

Contents of this bookAs well as an introduction to SSA and our products, you will find a lot of useful information about steel and stainless steel, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, heat treatment, welding, casting and forging, testing and standardising.

In addition, the conversion tables we have included for units, temperature and mechanicalproperties should be useful too. We have alsopresented an overview of the different steel grades we supply, and the way they meetinternational and other standards.

54

Stavanger Steel ASSSA is part of a long and proud industrial tradition. Stavanger Electro Staalverk A/S was established in Jørpeland, Norway in 1911. Scana Steel Stavanger AS operated on the same site between 1991 and 2015, and now Stavanger Steel AS carries on that tradition as Norway`s sole special-ized steelworks, and one of Europe`s leading suppliers of forged and cast steel products.

We intend to build on this tradition and develop SSA based on the good standing, performance and expertise of the company. Our main product segments will continue to be cast and forged steel components for a range of different markets.

As an exclusive supplier, SSA offers a “one-stop-shop” - service to our customers. Through our partnerships with qualified suppliers we process components from melted scrap steel through the entire production process, including heat treatment, machining, NDE, testing of mechanical properties, surface treatment and assembly. SSA also offers elements of this process as stand-alone services.

With our high level of flexibility we can meet all market demands with short delivery times and excellent quality. SSA also offers design and material engineering support provided by highly qualified staff in our technical department.

SSA organizes the classification and inspection of all components, saving our customers valuable time. SSA operates a professional laboratory at our production site, which, in addition to being an important element in our internal quality assurance regime, meets or exceeds the require-ments of third party classification agencies.

By working closely with reliable partners in Norway and abroad, SSA will be able to meet all the requirements the market demands. By combining over one hundred years of industrial tradition with modern expertise and excellence in all of our activities, we live up to our name – Stavanger Steel AS.

6 7

Steel properties depends on chemical composition and heat treatment

Corrosion resistanceIn general terms, steel is said to be stainless whenchromium content is above 10.5 %. Adding morechromium, molybdenum and nitrogen further increases corrosion resistance.

Super stainless steel grades may contain 25 % Cr, 7 % Mo and some nitrogen, resulting in a PRE value above 40. PRE is an empirical formula designed for the highest class of stainless steel.

PRE = Pitting Resistant Equivalent PRE = %Cr + 3,3 · %Mo + 16 · %N.

Small amounts of Nitrogen (N) have a significanteffect on the corrosion resistance and also

stabilize austenitic structure. Nickel (Ni) is a common alloying element in stainless steels and is added for stabilizing the austenitic structure.

Materials selectionProper materials selection is vital for the lifetimeof the steel. Knowledge about exposure to internal or external corrosive media is a key consideration in making the correct choices. Temperature, pres-sure, concentration of corrosive media, flow rate, design and physical connection to other materials are also of crucial importance.

But corrosion resistance is not the only thingto consider. Strength, toughness and weldabilityare other important factors. You may find an alloy in our tables of steel grades that meets many of your needs.

SSA manufactures a wide selection of forged and cast corrosion-resistant steel alloys. With our wide experience of many different applications, we can help you in making the best materials selection.

Depending on your precise needs, we can also manufacture customised steel grades to your specifications. Our highly efficient production processes enable us to produce anything from small one-off orders to larger batches.

8 9

Mechanical properties of stainless steel alloysMechanical properties are a consequenceof material structure and are determined by the type and amount of alloying elements and subsequent heat treatment. Stainless steel alloys may be grouped into hardenable (martensitic) and non-hardenable (austenitic and duplex) structures.

Austenitic stainless steels like SSA gradesS316L / S128MIIIsuper have low yield strength,although their hardness and strength can be increased by adding Cr and Mo (6Mo steel). Austenitic steels are very ductile and tough (impact test at -196 °C) and are non-magnetic.

Duplex stainless steels like S8490 (“duplex”) and SAF2507 (“super duplex”) have excellent corrosion resistance combined with high strength,due to their fine grained two-phase structure. Martensitic stainless steels like S134M and S165M are tough even though they have been hardened to a high tensile strength of 800-1,000 MPa. The tempering temperature is vital for strength and toughness. Higher temperature increases toughness and decreases strength, and vice versa. SSA will be pleased to help you find the optimal properties for your application.

1110

Heat treatment arranged by typeExcept from billets in some grades steel products never leaves the SSA plant without having been heat treated, because this is vital for achieving optimal physical properties. Below, you will find an overview of the most common types of heat treatment in steel production:

Normalising is a heat treatment performed on carbon-manganese steel by heating to about900 °C and cooling in air. The micro structure is named ferrite-perlite. Stress-relieving at about 600 ºC for reducing stress after welding to cast steel will not affect the structure of normalized steel, but will temper hard zones (HAZ) around the weld deposit.

Quenched and tempered (QT) describes a two-step heat treatment process: first heating to about 900 ºC and then fast-cooling in water or polymer emulsion. The next step is the temper-ing, with the temperature depending on the steel grade and the specification of hardness/strength and toughness. In general terms, low temperature is used to achieve high strength and low toughness, and vice versa. High alloyed hardenable steel may be allowed to cool in oil or air to harden.

Solution annealing describes a heat treatment

Solution annealing describes heat treatment used for austenitic and duplex steel alloys.By heating to about 1,000 -1,200 ºC followed by rapid cooling, the alloy will have a homogenous structure with no detrimental precipitation that may cause reductions in corrosion resistance or toughness.

Stress relieving is performed to reduce stressafter non-uniform shrinkage caused by cooling,or after welding. Welding causes a local temperature rise close to the weld, which results in localised expansion followed by shrinkage as the metal cools. This can cause the steel to deform or cracks to appear due to localised stresses. Stress relieving evens and reduces this stress. It also reduces hardness in the heat-affected zones in the base material close to the weld deposit, creating a tougher weld connection.

Aging is also known as precipitation hardening. For some stainless steel grades (e.g. 17-4 PH) and some Nickel base alloys (Alloy 718) aging by heat treatment is required. This is a two-step process were the alloy is firstly solution annealed followed by rapid cooling, and then held at an elevated temperature for some time to produce fine dispersed precipitates (particles that increases strength).

12 13

Heat treatment arranged by micro structureSSA supply a range of different stainless steel alloys. Most of these alloy steels require very specific and carefully managed heat treatment to obtain the required quality and material structure. SSA has extensive capacity for isothermal annealing, normalising, stress relieving, hardening, quenching and tempering of steel products. Furnaces are calibrated according to Norsok M-650 / API 6A Appendix M.

All heat treatments are documented by graphs.

Below, you will find some steel alloys groupedby structure:

Carbon steel grades as well as martensitic stainless steel grades are quenched and tempered (QT), gaining a tempered martensitic structure. The mechanical properties are depending on the tempering temperature level. Low tempering temperatures result in high strength/hardness but less ductility and toughness. On the other hand, high tempering temperatures result in less strength/hardness but increased ductility and toughness. (Toughness is measured by Charpy-V impact testing in Joule at a specified temperature).

Thanks to their excellent hardenability properties,martensitic stainless steel grades can be hardened by air cooling. Depending on yourspecifications, tempering is an ideal way to achieve the strength and toughness you need.

14 15

Duplex stainless steel grades are quenched,but are not hardenable by quenching. Their hardness, strength and toughness are achieved by the combination of austenite / ferrite structures and their small grain size. Heat treatment in this case is solution annealing at 1,000-1,130 ºC, with rapid cooling in water to achieve corrosion resistance and the correct ferrite/austenite ratio.

Schaeffler diagram forprediction of structureWe can predict the structure of steel usingchemical analysis. The diagram below has beencompiled on the basis of many tests, in which melted steel alloys were rapidly cooled to roomtemperature (simulating a welding deposit). The structure is defined by metallographic testing.

The diagram is like a “map”. Mapping the percen-tage of actual elements into the values on the horizontal (Cr) and vertical (Ni) axis will provide you with digits to plot into the diagram, giving you an estimate of the steel’s structure. (ref. 316)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32

30

28

26

24

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

6MO

316

DuplexS165M

S355

A+M

Martensit

0%Ferrrit

M+F

A+F

A+M+F

Ferrit

5%

10%

20%

40%

80%

Austenit

Nickel equivalent = % Ni + 30 · %C + 0,5 · %Mn + 30 · %N

Chrom. equivalent = % Cr + 1,4 · %Mo + 1,5 · %Si + 0,5 · %Nb + 2 · %Ti

Type and amount of alloying elements are decisive for the structure of the steel.

Austenitic steel grades are solution annealedat 1,000-1,280 ºC followed by rapid coolingin water to achieve excellent ductility, toughnessand corrosion resistance.

1716

SSASteel production and products Melting shopThe production is scrap steel based. The scrap is graded into different classes according to type and amount of alloying elements. The scrap is melted in an EAF (electric arc furnace), and refined by an AOD (Argon-Oxygen- Decarburi- zation). By adding different alloying elements to the molten steel, the desired steel grade can be produced.

The process in the AOD includes reducing the content of carbon, impurities and dissolved gases. Controlled nitrogen alloying for high alloyed steel grades is also performed in the AOD converter.

Our steelworks is well known for its ability to manufacture a wide range of high quality low-alloyed, high-alloyed and stainless steel grades.

For most of our grades, we utilize a furnace with a capacity of approximately 12 tons and an

Ingot Dim. Dim. Length Form Ingots weight top bottom ingot (4-8-12 sided) per (kg) (mm) (mm) (mm) ingots charge

650 280 265 1100 4 16

1200 360 325 1400 4 10

2700 450 415 1830 4 4

3400 510 440 2050 4 3

4500 660 625 1660 8 3

6200 830 680 1898 12 2

12200 1100 900 2170 8 1

Ingot dimensions

AOD-converter with a capacity of approximately 17 tons. The small heat size and sophisticated refining process in our melting shop enables us to produce small heats of grades with customer specified chemical analysis, that may deviate from standard grades or have narrower limits than stan-dard grades. For the production of our Strømhard grade, we utilize a furnace with a capacity of approx. 6 tons for both melting and refining.

1918

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1490

1469

1449

1428

1407

1386

1366

1345

1324

1304

1283

1262

1241

1221

1200

X

Z

Y

Cast or forged steelManufacturing steel is a lengthy process. It begins at the melting shop, where steel melts are produced in electrical furnaces, and finishing refining and alloying process in an AOD converter (AOD = Argon Oxygen Decarburisation).

Steel alloys intended for forging are first cast into ingots. In the forging plant, ingots are heated to make them ductile for hot forging.

If the product is too complex for forging, casting may be an alternative.

Forged steel products are normally more fine-grained compared with cast steel. This may be reflected in the improved mechanical properties of forged steel.

Due to the different requirements that apply to the mechanical properties, cast and forged steel need to meet separate steel standards.

20 21

Forged stainless steel productsThe forge heats up the ingots to forging temperature. Manipulators then collect the ingots in the furnaces and bring them to the 1,600 tonnes forging press. Here, the products are forged according to the customer’s specification. The products are delivered to our customers as forged, rough machined, finish machined, or grinded billets for further forging, milling, etc.

SSA manufactures forged products in stainless steel alloys like duplex, super duplex, austenitic and martensitic hardenable stainless steel.

The ingots are heated up to forging temperaturein the gas-fired furnaces. Furnace temperature is controlled, monitored and linked to the computer system in the forging press. The normal forging temperature is 1,150-1,250 ºC.

SSA forges different product forms as flat, square and round bars and shafts, and also billets (semi-forged products).

Dimensions limited to SSA ingot sizes and required reduction grade.

Equipment:• 1600 t hydraulic free – form press.• 6 t forging manipulator.• Forging furnaces, gas fired/regenerator burners.

Steel grades:Duplex, super-duplex, austenitic, super-austenitic, ferrittic/martensitic.

Products:Round, square and flat bars. Shafts. Round, square and flat billets for further forging/rolling. Other forge products. Dimensions according to ingot sizes and reduction requirements.

22 23

Cast steel productsCasting is a complex process. Working from the customer’s specifications, drawings are then transferred to computer programmes (Solidedge, Magmasoft etc.) that help us to assess issues like slip angles, oversizing to allow for shrinkage during solidification, and where to put chills, feeders and inlets. Working with the results we get from this process, the wooden or plastic pattern is then designed and physically finished.

The pattern model is placed into a frameand buried in sand mixed with binding agent.The quality of the moulding depends heavily on the consistency of the sand, good craftsmanshipand the correct casting temperature.

SSA supplies a wide range of cast steel products, including carbon-manganese steel, alloyed

QT-steel, manganese steel (Hadfield-steel) for stone crushing, and different stainless steel grades like duplex, super-duplex, austenitic and martensitic stainless steel. Examples of applications for stainless steel products in the marine industry include propeller blades and propeller hubs, while we also make bodies and parts of pumps and valves for the oil industry. For the chemicals, turbine and wood processing industries, we manufacture turbine and pump bodies and parts, impellers, paddle wheels, welding flanges and rings.

SSA also produces steel grades for high-wear purposes, like stone crushers. Alloying elements in the range of 12-20 % manganese (Mn) and 0-3 % chromium (Cr), often referred to as Hadfield-steel. The steels are initially austenitic, but harden effectively via cold deformation when in service; an example of this is SSA's “Strømhard” grade.

SSA delivers castings in low-alloyed steel for onshore and offshore purposes, including nodes for offshore platforms, parts for buoy mooring systems and pad-eyes. Structural steel components are alloyed to achieve good weldability.

Our foundry is well known for high-qualityproducts and our ability to produce complex

2524

Linear dimensional tolerance for dimensional casting tolerance grade (DCTG)

Nominal dimensions DCTG12 DCTG 13 DCTG 14 DCTG 15 related to the moulded part (mm)

to 10 mm 4,2 - - -

10,1 – 16 4,4 - - -

16,1 – 25 4,6 6 8 10

25,1 – 40 5 7 9 11

40,1 – 63 5,6 8 10 12

63,1 – 100 6 9 11 14

100,1 – 160 7 10 12 16

160,1 – 250 8 11 14 18

250,1 – 400 9 12 16 20

400,1 – 630 10 14 18 22

630,1 – 1000 11 16 20 25

1000,1 – 1600 13 18 23 29

1600,1 – 2500 15 21 26 33

2500,1 – 4000 17 24 30 38

4000,1 – 6300 20 28 35 44

6300,1 – 10000 23 32 40 50

cast products using a wide range of stainlessand structural steel grades. This steel requires a high level of competence throughout themanufacturing process, which is where we benefit from having all the necessary process steps in-house. These include casting methoddevelopment and simulation, pattern shop,moulding, heat treatment, upgrading/welding,machining and NDE. This allows us to control the entire production process, fromthe melt and engineering to the finished product.

Patterns: wood or plasticMould system: chemically bonded Olivine sand and Sodium Silicate Ester. Unit weight: 500 – 10,000 kg

According to NS-EN ISO 8062-3:2007

2726

Required machining allowance grade (RMAG)

Largest overall RMAG H RMAG J RMAG K dimension (mm)

to 40 mm 0,7 1 2

40,1 – 63 1 1,4 3

63,1 – 100 2 2,8 4

100,1 – 160 3 4 6

160,1 – 250 4 5,5 8

250,1 – 400 5 7 10

400,1 – 630 6 9 12

630,1 – 1000 7 10 14

1000,1 – 1600 8 11 16

1600,1 – 2500 9 13 18

2500,1 – 4000 10 14 20

4000,1 – 6300 11 16 22

6300,1 - 10000 12 17 24

Fillet radii of cast products

According to experience fillet radii of cast products should be in proportion to the cast thickness to avoid local cast defects:

Cast thickness (t) in mm Fillet radii (r) in mm

t < 25 mm r = t

25 < t < 75 r = 25 mm

t > 75 r = 1/3 t

The nature of castings Casting is a complicated process. About 1,500 °C molten steel is poured through a ceramic inlet system into sand moulds which depending on com-plexity and wall thickness may cause impurities like porosity, sand or slag inclusions. This is the nature of many castings. A purchaser will require rectifica-tion according to accept levels stated in standards and specifications. The imperfections are removed by arc gouging and/or grinding, and welded accord-ing to WPS (Welding Procedure Specification).

Production welding of steel castingsAccording to ISO 11970 the definition of Production welding is “any welding carried out during manufac-turing before final delivery to purchaser including joint welding of castings and finishing welding”. “Welding procedure tests shall be carried out according to this standard, unless additional tests are specified by the purchaser or by agreement between the contracting parties.” Welding is carried out according to WPSs which refer to 3rd Party approved WPQR’s tested accord-ing to standards and specifications required for con-struction welding like ISO 15614-1, ASME IX, AWS D1.1, NORSOK M-101 or Classification Companies standards and specifications. SSA welders are tested and certified according to ISO 9606-1, and are approved for welding SSA steel grades according to WPS. SSA has implemented quality procedures and instructions e.g. for handling of consumables and heat treat-ment according to relevant standards.

According to NS-EN ISO 8062-3:2007

28 29

Weld Deposit

Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) Base Material

WeldabilityIn specific terms the weldability of carbon-manganese steel grades, the CE factor used inpreheat calculations contains chemical elementsincreasing the hardenability of the steel:

CE = %C+ + +

Preheat temperature is defined as the localised temperature of the base material at the point where you start welding. After a few weld passes, the steel will be hot, and we may have to wait for the temperature to decrease to the maximum inter-pass temperature before proceeding.

Preheating is performed to control the hardnessin the HAZ (Heat Affected Zone). Excessive hardness may cause reduced ductility and toughness, or even hydrogen cracks.

To calculate the preheat temperature, the welding engineer needs to know the expected heat input (Q) calculated from the formulae:

Q =

U = voltage, I = electric current, v = welding speed (mm/s) and ĸ = welding factor (efficiency).

In addition, it is necessary to consider localised hydrogen content (moisture, oil, grease, dust) as well as the thickness of the steel.

Welding procedure approval starts by making a pWPS (preliminary welding procedure specification) for the welding test.

The welding parameters are logged duringthe welding sequence. The welded test piece is cut into test samples as required, and the testingmay be witnessed by a third party. All test results and welding parameters are recorded in a WPQR. The welding engineer provides a WPS (welding procedure specification) for the job or repair, with reference to the WPQR no.

U · I · ĸv · 1000

%Mn %Cr+Mo+%v %Ni+%Cu6 5 15

3130

Quality Control of productsSSA QC department is performing destructive and non-destructive testing of forged products and castings according to relevant standards and specifications. NDE: Visual (VT), Penetrant (PT), Magnetic powder (MT), Ultrasonic testing (UT)DT: Tensile testing, Impact testing, Bend testing, Hardness testingStructure: Metallographic micro- and macro testingCorrosion: Testing according to Standard test methodsChemical: Spectrograph analysis for all relevant elements

SSA Technical Department adds value to the testing process through high metallurgical competence and long experience.

Testing ofsteel gradesChemical analysis of ladle (steel melt) and, if specified, product analysis to an accuracy of 1/1000%, documented in the material certificate.

Tension test for measuring yield strength (YS), tensile strength (TS), elongation (A) and reduction of area (RA). Yield strength is often called Re or Rp 0.2, tensile strength Rm, elongation A, and reduction of area Z.

Hardness test, Vickers (HV), Rockwell (HRB (ball)), HRC (cone)) or Brinell (HB).

Impact test is most often required for hardenableand duplex steels. The measuring unit used is theJoule, and always refers to test body temperature.Test bodies are normally Charpy-V (KV).

Corrosion test will be performed if required for high alloyed stainless steels (e.g. ASTM G48).

NDT (None Destructive Testing) is performedduring the manufacturing process and on finishedproducts, before shipping to the customer.Ultrasonic testing (UT), Magnetic powder (MT), Penetrant (PT) and Visual testing (VT).

SSA steel grades are tested either by standardised methods, or as required by the customer.

32 33

Hire WorkSSA offer hire work like forging, heat treatment, testing, machining and documentation, or parts of this process. Normally including low-alloy steel grades like F22, AISI 8630, AISI 4130/4140, AISI 4330 etc. All these steel grades will be purchased from other steel works by SSA or the customer.

Heat treatment furnaces calibrated according to Norsok M-650 ed. 4, Appendix B, and API 6A: 2010 / ISO 10423:2009

Heat treatment furnaces

Nr Workingzone-mm Temp. range – °C Capasity-T

110 2000X1300X8300 560-1150 16

112 1780X640X6250 900-1150 16

113 2200X670X6000 900-1150 16

125 1920X1930X2880 470-1140 15

126 3200X2250X5040 470-1140 17

135 2650X2240X6050 470-1140 30

143 2170X980X5190 470-1060 15

144 1400X900X5540 560-1060 15

Size of Quenching bath/water: Length 8000/Width 4000/Depth 2000mm. Pump agitation.

34 35

Material documentationAll products are delivered with an inspection certificate containing test results from mechanical testing, corrosion testing, etc. Inspection documents are produced in line with EN 10204, and include the 3.1 certificate issued by SSA, or the 3.2 certificate when third party certification is involved. Enclosed a typical inspection certificate.

Sour ServiceIf required by Customer, many of our steel grades can be delivered according to "sour service" requirements as specified in ISO 15156/NACE MR0175.E.g. for carbon and low alloyed steels this implies a maximum hardness of 22 HRC and a maximum of 1 % Nickel (Ni) content. For high alloyed and stainless steel grades this often implies an extra heat treatment.

Approvals Norsok M-650SSA is a qualified manufacturer of duplex and super-duplex stainless steel.

Classification companiesSSA is approved by Det Norske Veritas (DNV GL) Steel Castings and Forgings, Bureau Veritas (BV) and Technisches Überwachungs Verein (TÜV) for manufacturing steel and stainless steel products. Lloyds Register of Shipping (LRS) and American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) is an ongoing process.

ISO 9000 and 14000 SSA is approved for and maintains ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certification.

Page: 1 of 1

INSPECTION CERTIFICATE EN 10204 - 3.1Customer Supplier Cert.no.

Stavanger Steel ASStålverksvegen 51NO - 4100 JørpelandNORWAY

C143/17

Date:

31.03.2017

PO No: BSA-2017-0005 Supplier order no: 60016.4000Specification: Supplier work-order no: 1700019Marking: S20017 T14605 0019 Certified goods: Ø330,2 mm bars

rough machined condition

Grade:ASTM A182 F55,ASTM A276/A479 UNS S32760, EN10088.3 1.4501NACE MR0175-2000

Notes:

We hereby declare that the product supplied are in compliance with the order in which test results are supplied.

Manufacturer's authorized representative: 3.party representative:

Stavanger Steel AS, Stålverksvegen 51, NO-4100 JØRPELAND, NORWAY, Org. NO 917 466 564 MVA, Tel: +47 51 74 34 00, www.stavangersteel.no

CERTIFIED GOODSTest No.

No Weight(kg)

Dimension Heat Treatment Process Forgingratio

Charge No.

T14605 1 4534 13"Solution annealed 1130°C, 5hrs ;

WaterCooling temp. 4 -8°C

EAF+AOD, ingot casting and forging 4,63 : 1 S20017

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SSA grade: 27C0 S4501 C Si Mn S P Cr Ni W V Mo Cu Al N Co PRE

0,019 0,27 0,54 0,001 0,027 24,98 7,27 0,60 0,05 3,55 0,55 0,010 0,237 0,07 40,48

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Tensile test, ASTM A370Test no Sample Id Pos Direction Dim. [mm] Temp

° CRp0.2[MPa]

Rp1.0[MPa]

Tensile strengthRm [MPa]

ElongationA4 %

Red. [Z] %

HardnessHB

14605 TL-5 T/6,max 50mm ss

Lo 12,5 23 569 - 758 39 76 241

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Impact test ISO 148Test no Sample Id Pos Direction Dim. [mm] Temp

° CJ %

ShearLat. exp

J %Shear

Lat. exp

J %Shear

Lat. exp

Avg [J]

14605 IL-5B T/6,max 50mm ss

Lo - -60 71 - 0,74 75 - 0,79 63 - 0,69 70

14605 IL-5 T/6,max 50mm ss

Lo - -46 110 - 1,12 95 - 1,05 111 - 1,1 105

MICROSTRUCTURE EXAMINATIONRef. report: MICRO-7933 - 01

CORROSION TESTRef. report: CORR-1386 - 01

NDTRef. report: Smi-9809-01

HEAT TREATMENTRef. report: LOT-12304-01

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Test location from a prolongation of the bar after heat treatment.

PT and UT carried out . Report attached.Corrosion testing carried out .Report attached.Microstructure examination carried out .Report attached.

Tested with Geiger-counter and are found to be free from radioactive contamination.

Page: 1 of 1

INSPECTION CERTIFICATE EN 10204 - 3.1Customer Supplier Cert.no.

Stavanger Steel ASStålverksvegen 51NO - 4100 JørpelandNORWAY

C143/17

Date:

31.03.2017

PO No: BSA-2017-0005 Supplier order no: 60016.4000Specification: Supplier work-order no: 1700019Marking: S20017 T14605 0019 Certified goods: Ø330,2 mm bars

rough machined condition

Grade:ASTM A182 F55,ASTM A276/A479 UNS S32760, EN10088.3 1.4501NACE MR0175-2000

Notes:

We hereby declare that the product supplied are in compliance with the order in which test results are supplied.

Manufacturer's authorized representative: 3.party representative:

Stavanger Steel AS, Stålverksvegen 51, NO-4100 JØRPELAND, NORWAY, Org. NO 917 466 564 MVA, Tel: +47 51 74 34 00, www.stavangersteel.no

CERTIFIED GOODSTest No.

No Weight(kg)

Dimension Heat Treatment Process Forgingratio

Charge No.

T14605 1 4534 13"Solution annealed 1130°C, 5hrs ;

WaterCooling temp. 4 -8°C

EAF+AOD, ingot casting and forging 4,63 : 1 S20017

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION SSA grade: 27C0 S4501 C Si Mn S P Cr Ni W V Mo Cu Al N Co PRE

0,019 0,27 0,54 0,001 0,027 24,98 7,27 0,60 0,05 3,55 0,55 0,010 0,237 0,07 40,48

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Tensile test, ASTM A370Test no Sample Id Pos Direction Dim. [mm] Temp

° CRp0.2[MPa]

Rp1.0[MPa]

Tensile strengthRm [MPa]

ElongationA4 %

Red. [Z] %

HardnessHB

14605 TL-5 T/6,max 50mm ss

Lo 12,5 23 569 - 758 39 76 241

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Impact test ISO 148Test no Sample Id Pos Direction Dim. [mm] Temp

° CJ %

ShearLat. exp

J %Shear

Lat. exp

J %Shear

Lat. exp

Avg [J]

14605 IL-5B T/6,max 50mm ss

Lo - -60 71 - 0,74 75 - 0,79 63 - 0,69 70

14605 IL-5 T/6,max 50mm ss

Lo - -46 110 - 1,12 95 - 1,05 111 - 1,1 105

MICROSTRUCTURE EXAMINATIONRef. report: MICRO-7933 - 01

CORROSION TESTRef. report: CORR-1386 - 01

NDTRef. report: Smi-9809-01

HEAT TREATMENTRef. report: LOT-12304-01

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Test location from a prolongation of the bar after heat treatment.

PT and UT carried out . Report attached.Corrosion testing carried out .Report attached.Microstructure examination carried out .Report attached.

Tested with Geiger-counter and are found to be free from radioactive contamination.

36 37

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Solu

tion

anne

aled

55

0 75

0 25

45

m

ax 3

00

45 (-

46 °C

)

27

C0

S450

1 1.

4501

Au

sten

ite-fe

rrite

So

lutio

n an

neal

ed

550

750-

895

25

45

max

320

45

(-46

°C)

25

A0

S849

4 1.

4539

Au

sten

ite

Solu

tion

anne

aled

23

0 53

0-73

0 35

50

m

ax 2

20

-

25

B0

S254

SMO

1.

4547

Au

sten

ite

Solu

tion

anne

aled

30

0 65

0 35

50

m

ax 2

20

-

25

D0

S456

3 1.

4563

Au

sten

ite

Solu

tion

anne

aled

22

0 55

0-75

0 40

-

max

180

-

25

D0

S456

3 1.

4563

Au

sten

ite

Col

d w

orke

d 76

0-89

5 79

5 11

-

max

315

-

23

V0

S253

MA

1.48

35

Aust

enite

So

lutio

n an

neal

ed

310

650

40

60

max

210

-

23

W0

SNW

209

-

Aust

enite

So

lutio

n an

neal

ed

350

700-

850

26

- 19

0-24

0 -

41

A0

Allo

y 82

5 2.

4858

Au

sten

ite

Solu

tion

anne

aled

32

5 69

0 45

-

- -

41

C0

Allo

y 80

0HT

1.49

59

Aust

enite

So

lutio

n an

neal

ed

205

515

30

50

- -

*) O

n re

quire

men

ts o

utsi

de th

e va

lues

abo

ve, p

leas

e co

ntac

t SSA

.

44 45

Exp

ress

ions

Ex

plan

atio

n N

orw

egia

n Fo

rkla

ring

Yie

ld s

treng

th

Min

. stre

ss c

ausi

ng

Flyt

egre

nse

Min

ste

bela

stni

ng a

v pr

øves

tav

før

(YS

, Re)

pe

rman

ent d

efor

mat

ion

stav

en fl

yter

(var

ig d

efor

mas

jon)

.

(R

p0,2

) Yi

eld

stre

ngth

at 0

,2%

def

orm

atio

n

Flyt

egre

nse

med

0,2

% d

efor

mas

jon

Ten

sile

stre

ngth

U

ltim

ate

stre

ss b

efor

e fra

ctur

e St

rekk

fast

het

Mak

s. b

elas

tnin

g st

ålet

tåle

r før

bru

dd

(TS

, Rm

)

Red

uctio

n of

are

a C

ross

-sec

tion

mea

sure

d at

the

cons

truct

ion,

In

nsnø

ring

Tver

rsni

ttsar

eal p

å in

nsnø

rings

sted

et

in %

of t

est b

odie

s in

itial

cro

ss-s

ectio

n

i % a

v st

aven

s op

prin

nelig

e tv

errs

nitts

area

l

MPa

, N/m

m²,

ksi

Uni

ts fo

r ten

sile

pro

perti

es:

MPa

, N/m

m²,

ksi

En

hete

r for

stre

kkpr

øvin

g:

Meg

a Pa

scal

Meg

a Pa

scal

New

ton

per s

quar

e m

illim

etre

New

ton

per k

vadr

atm

illim

eter

Kilo

pou

nd p

er s

quar

e in

ch

Ki

lopu

nd p

er k

vadr

atto

mm

e

Ten

sile

test

ing

cont

inue

d:

Elo

ngat

ion

Elon

gatio

n in

% o

f gau

ge le

ngth

, Br

udd-

Fo

rleng

else

n om

regn

et i

% a

v

(E,

A)

afte

r fra

ctur

eafte

r fra

ctur

e fo

rleng

else

st

aven

s m

ålel

engd

e, e

tter b

rudd

Duc

tility

W

orka

bilit

y lik

e be

ndab

ility

D

uktil

itet

Form

barh

et

Y/T

ratio

Yi

eld

stre

ngth

/ te

nsile

stre

ngth

ratio

Y/

T fo

rhol

d Fl

yteg

rens

en d

ivid

ert m

ed s

trekk

fast

hete

n

Exp

ress

ions

Ex

plan

atio

n N

orw

egia

n Fo

rkla

ring

Lon

gitu

dina

l Te

st s

peci

men

orie

nted

alo

ng th

e gr

eate

st

Lang

sgåe

nde

Prøv

esty

kket

s le

ngde

er p

aral

lell

med

dire

ctio

n ex

tens

ion

of th

e st

eel d

urin

g fo

rgin

g/ro

lling

re

tnin

g le

ngde

utvi

dels

en v

ed s

miin

g/va

lsin

g

Tra

nsve

rse

Te

st s

peci

men

orie

nted

nor

mal

to th

e gr

eate

st

Tver

sret

ning

Pr

øves

tykk

ets

leng

de e

r vin

kelre

tt på

dire

ctio

n ex

tens

ion

of th

e st

eel d

urin

g fo

rgin

g/ro

lling

le

ngde

utvi

dels

en v

ed s

miin

g/va

lsin

g

Mec

hani

cal p

rope

rtie

s –

Test

spe

cim

en

Term

s an

d de

finiti

ons

Mec

hani

cal p

rope

rtie

s –

Tens

ile te

stin

g

46 47

Mec

hani

cal p

rope

rtie

s –

Impa

ct te

stin

g (T

erm

s an

d de

finiti

ons

cont

inue

d)

Ex

pres

sion

s Ex

plan

atio

n N

orw

egia

n Fo

rkla

ring

C

harp

y-V

Test

spe

cim

en (n

orm

ally

10x

10x5

5mm

)

Cha

rpy-

V Pr

øves

tav

(nor

mal

t 10x

10x5

5mm

)

(K

V)

havi

ng a

2m

m d

eep

V-sh

aped

not

ch

m

ed e

t 2m

m d

ypt V

-skå

r

N

otch

V

shap

ed c

ut m

illed

in th

e m

iddl

e

Skår

V

form

et s

kår f

rest

ut p

å m

idte

n av

(C

harp

y-V)

of

test

spe

cim

en, s

peci

fied

botto

m ra

dii

prøv

esta

ven,

spe

s. b

unnr

adiu

s

Im

pact

val

ue

Uni

t for

ene

rgy.

Mea

sure

s

Slag

seig

het

Enhe

t for

ene

rgi.

Mål

er e

nerg

ien

som

Jo

ule

(J),

ft·lb

th

e en

ergy

to b

reak

the

test

spe

cim

en

Joul

e (J

), ft·

lb

skal

til f

or å

slå

av

prøv

esta

v

Te

mpe

ratu

re

Te

mpe

ratu

re o

f tes

t spe

cim

en. I

mpa

ct

Tem

pera

tur

Pr

øves

tave

ns te

mpe

ratu

r.

valu

e al

way

s re

fers

to te

mpe

ratu

re

Sl

agse

ighe

ten

refe

rere

r til

tem

p.

To

ughn

ess

Ab

ility

to re

sist

sho

ck lo

ad

Seig

het

Stål

ets

evne

til å

mot

stå

slag

bela

stni

ng

Exp

ress

ions

Ex

plan

atio

n N

orw

egia

n Fo

rkla

ring

Brin

ell (

HB)

C

arbi

de s

teel

bal

l is

forc

ed in

to th

e st

eel s

urfa

ce. D

iffer

ent

Brin

ell

En h

ardm

etal

lkul

e try

kkes

inn

i stå

let.

Fors

kjel

lige

size

d ba

ll an

d lo

ad. D

iam

eter

of i

nden

tatio

n is

mea

sure

d ha

rdhe

t ku

lest

ørre

lser

med

tilh

øren

de b

elas

tnin

g. D

iam

eter

en

and

acco

mpa

nyin

g ha

rdne

ss v

alue

look

ed u

p in

a ta

ble

på

kul

ehul

let m

åles

, og

tilhø

rend

e ha

rdhe

t via

tabe

ll

Vic

kers

Py

ram

id s

hape

d di

amon

d fo

rced

into

the

stee

l sur

face

.

Vick

ers

Pyra

mid

efor

met

dia

man

t try

kkes

inn

i st

ålov

erfla

ten.

(H

V)

Diff

eren

t loa

ds d

epen

ding

of m

ater

ial t

hick

ness

or s

ize

of

hard

het

Bela

stni

ngs-

stør

rels

e av

heng

ig a

v m

ater

ial-t

ykke

lse

og

inde

ntat

ion.

Ave

rage

dia

gona

ls m

easu

rem

ent,

findi

ng

øn

sket

innt

rykk

-stø

rrels

e. In

ntry

kket

s di

agon

aler

mål

es,

acco

mpa

nyin

g ha

rdne

ss v

alue

from

a c

onve

rsio

n ta

ble

gjen

nom

snitt

et b

ereg

nes,

og

hard

hete

n fin

nes

i tab

ell

Roc

kwel

l Va

riant

s of

load

and

inde

ntat

ion

bodi

es (b

all o

r con

ical

R

ockw

ell

Vara

nter

i be

last

ning

og

innt

rykk

s le

gem

er (k

ule

elle

r

(H

R)

form

). Eg

. HR

B is

bal

l, an

d H

RC

is c

onic

al

ha

rdhe

t ko

nisk

form

). F.

eks.

HR

B er

kul

e, o

g H

RC

kje

gle

Pol

di

Har

dnes

s m

easu

red

by m

anua

l pow

er

Pold

i- H

ardh

et m

åles

med

man

uelt

slag

med

ham

mer

(h

amm

er, b

all a

nd re

fere

nce

mat

eria

l) ha

mm

er

ham

mer

, kul

e og

refe

rans

emat

eria

le

Equ

otip

In

stru

men

t tha

t mea

sure

s ha

rdne

ss b

y im

puls

e re

gist

ratio

n Eq

uotip

In

stru

men

tet m

åler

har

dhet

som

funk

sjon

av im

pulsm

ålin

ger

Mec

hani

cal p

rope

rtie

s –

Har

dnes

s

48 49

Hea

t tre

atm

ent (

Term

s an

d de

finiti

ons

cont

inue

d)

Ex

pres

sion

s Ex

plan

atio

n N

orw

egia

n Fo

rkla

ring

N

orm

aliz

ing

Hea

ting

the

stee

l to

aust

eniti

c te

mpe

ratu

re,

N

orm

alis

erin

g St

ålet

var

mes

opp

til a

uste

nitt-

tem

pera

tur

(abo

ut 9

00 ⁰C

) and

coo

ling

in a

ir

(ca.

900

⁰C) o

g lu

ftavk

jølin

g

Au

sten

itisi

ng

Hea

ting

the

stee

l to

appr

ox. 9

00 ⁰C

Au

sten

itise

ring

Stål

et v

arm

es o

pp ti

l ca.

900

⁰C

to p

repa

re fo

r que

nchi

ng

fo

r å g

jøre

s kl

ar ti

l brå

kjøl

ing

Q

uenc

hing

H

arde

ning

the

stee

l by

quen

chin

g

Bråk

jølin

g St

ålet

avk

jøle

s ra

skt (

i van

n/ol

je)

from

abo

ut 9

00 ⁰C

in w

ater

or o

il

fra o

mkr

ing

900

⁰C

Te

mpe

ring

Af

ter q

uenc

hing

, hea

ting

to 5

00 -

700

⁰C.

Anlø

ping

Ette

r her

ding

var

mes

stå

let t

il

Incr

easi

ng to

ughn

ess

and

500-

700

⁰C. S

tyrk

en m

inke

r og

decr

easi

ng s

treng

th a

s te

mp.

rise

s

se

ighe

ten

øker

når

tem

p. ø

ker

Q

T Q

uenc

hed

and

tem

pere

d Se

ighe

rdet

H

erde

t og

anlø

pt

An

neal

ing

To s

ofte

n th

e st

eel b

efor

e

Glø

ding

For å

gjø

re s

tåle

t let

tere

op

erat

ions

m

achi

ning

ope

ratio

ns

å

mas

kine

re

So

lutio

ns

Pe

rform

ed fo

r non

-har

dena

ble

stee

l

Opp

løsn

ings

-

Utfø

res

på ik

ke-h

erdb

are

stål

for

an

neal

ing

to d

isso

lve

parti

cles

det

rimen

tal f

or

gl

ødin

g å

løse

opp

utfe

llinge

r ska

delig

e

corro

sion

resi

stan

ce a

nd to

ughn

ess

for k

orro

sjon

sbes

tand

ighe

ten

og s

eigh

eten

til s

tåle

t

Ag

ing

Also

kno

wn

as p

reci

pita

tion

hard

enin

g.

Eldi

ng

Ogs

å kj

ent s

om u

tfellin

gshe

rdin

g.

Incr

ease

s yi

eld

stre

ngth

by

form

ing

Ø

ker f

asth

eten

ved

å d

anne

find

ispe

rse

fine

disp

erse

d pr

ecip

itate

s in

the

mat

erix

utfe

llinge

r i s

trukt

uren

. I fo

rkan

t av

eldi

ng

of th

e al

loy.

Prio

r to

agin

g, a

sol

utio

n

ut

føre

s en

opp

løsn

ings

glød

ing

anne

alin

g m

ust b

e pe

rform

ed

St

ress

relie

ving

Perfo

rmed

afte

r wel

ding

(PW

HT

=

Spen

ning

s-

U

tført

ette

r sve

isin

g fo

r å ta

ut

(P

WH

T)

post

wel

d he

at tr

eatm

ent),

to re

duce

glød

ing

spen

ning

er, r

edus

ere

hard

het o

g

stre

ss, h

ardn

ess

and

hydr

ogen

in

hydr

ogen

i va

rmep

åvirk

et s

one

HAZ

(hea

t affe

cted

zon

e)

50 51

Wel

ding

(Ter

ms

and

defin

ition

s co

ntin

ued)

Ex

pres

sion

s Ex

plan

atio

n N

orw

egia

n Fo

rkla

ring

Pr

ehea

ting

The

tem

pera

ture

of t

he s

teel

loca

lly

Forv

arm

ing

Tem

pera

ture

n i s

tåle

t på

det s

ted

whe

re w

eldi

ng is

sta

rted

der s

veis

inge

n st

arte

r

In

terp

ass

Th

e te

mpe

ratu

re o

f the

ste

el lo

cally

M

ello

mst

reng

s Te

mep

erat

uren

i st

ålet

hvo

r nes

te

te

mpe

ratu

re

whe

re th

e ne

xt w

eld

pass

is s

tarte

d

tem

pera

tur

svei

sest

reng

ska

l leg

ges

St

ress

relie

ving

Perfo

rmed

afte

r wel

ding

(PW

HT

= po

st w

eld

Spen

ning

s-

U

tført

ette

r sve

isin

g fo

r å ta

ut

(P

WH

T)

heat

trea

tmen

t), to

redu

ce s

tress

, har

dnes

s

glød

ing

spen

ning

er, r

edus

ere

hard

het o

g

and

hydr

ogen

in H

AZ (h

eat a

ffect

ed z

one)

hydr

ogen

i va

rmep

åvirk

et s

one

11

1 M

anua

l Met

al A

rc

Dek

kede

El

ektro

der m

ed m

etal

lkje

rne

(M

MA/

SMAW

) Sh

ield

ed M

etal

Arc

Wel

ding

el

ektro

der

dekk

et m

ed fl

uxpu

lver

12

1

Su

bmer

ged

Arc

Wel

ding

Pu

lver

dekk

et

Kom

pakt

sve

iset

råd,

sve

isin

g

(S

AW)

bu

esve

isin

g un

der e

t dek

ke a

v flu

xpul

ver

13

5

Met

al A

ctiv

e G

as

M

AG-s

veis

ing

Ak

tiv g

ass

(CO

2 elle

r CO

2/Ar)

(M

AG/G

MAW

) G

as M

etal

Arc

Wel

ding

bu

esve

isin

g m

ed k

ompa

kt tr

åd

13

6

Fl

ux C

ored

Arc

Wel

ding

(B, R

)

Rør

tråds

veis

ing

Svei

sing

med

rørtr

åd fy

lt m

ed

(F

CAW

) or

met

al p

owde

r (M

)

met

allp

ulve

r (M

) elle

r flux

(B,R

)

14

1 Tu

ngst

en In

ert G

as

TIG

-sve

isin

g Sv

eisi

ng m

ed w

olfra

mel

ektro

de

(T

IG/G

TAW

) G

as T

ungs

ten

Arc

Wel

ding

og k

ompa

kt ti

lset

tråd

H

eat i

nput

(Q)

Wel

ding

cur

rent

x v

olta

ge d

ivid

ed

Va

rmet

ilfør

sel

Svei

sest

røm

x s

penn

ing

divi

dert

on w

eldi

ng s

peed

(mm

/sec

) (Q

) på

sve

iseh

astin

ghet

(mm

/sek

)

pW

PS

Prel

imin

ary

wel

ding

pro

cedu

re s

peci

ficat

ion.

Fo

rber

eden

de

Svei

sein

geni

øren

i sa

mar

beid

med

sve

iser

“Rec

ipe”

bef

ore

wel

ding

WPQ

R te

st

svei

sepr

osed

yre

utfo

rmer

en

pros

edyr

e fo

r å la

ge W

PQR

W

PQR

W

eldi

ng p

roce

dure

qua

lifica

tion

reco

rd. W

eld

log

and

God

kjen

t sve

ise-

In

neho

lder

sve

isel

ogg

og t

estre

sulta

ter,

test

resu

lts, e

vent

ually

app

rove

d by

3rd

par

ty

pr

osed

yret

est

even

t. 3.

-par

ts g

odkj

enin

g

W

PS

Wel

ding

pro

cedu

re s

peci

ficat

ion.

Sv

eise

- Be

skriv

er u

tføre

lse

av s

veis

ing

på

“Rec

ipe”

for c

onst

ruct

ion

or re

pair

wel

ding

pros

edyr

e-

best

emte

pro

dukt

er

52 53

Stan

dard

sSt

anda

rds

rela

ted

to m

ater

ials

, tes

ting

and

insp

ectio

n

St

anda

rd n

o.

Title

/ Sc

ope

Nor

sk te

kst

EN

102

04

Insp

ectio

n C

ertifi

cate

(mat

eria

l cer

tifica

te)

Mat

eria

lser

tifika

t

3.1:

App

rove

d by

Man

uf. Q

C d

ep.

3.1:

God

kjen

t av

prod

usen

t

3.2:

App

rove

d by

QC

dep

and

3rd

par

ty

3.2:

Pro

duse

nt o

g tre

djep

art

IS

O 9

712

(EN

473

) Q

ualifi

catio

n an

d ce

rtific

atio

n of

per

sonn

el fo

r ND

T G

odkj

enni

ng a

v N

DT-

oper

atør

er

N

orso

k M

-001

M

ater

ials

sel

ectio

n M

ater

ialv

alg

N

orso

k M

-120

M

ater

ial d

ata

shee

ts fo

r stru

ctur

al s

teel

M

ater

iald

atab

lad

stru

ktur

N

orso

k M

-121

Fo

rged

ste

el

Smid

d st

ål

N

orso

k M

-122

C

ast s

truct

ural

ste

el

Støp

estå

l

N

orso

k M

-630

M

ater

ial d

ata

shee

ts fo

r pip

ing

Mat

eria

ldat

abla

d fo

r pro

sess

rør

N

orso

k M

-650

Q

ualifi

catio

n of

man

ufac

ture

rs o

f spe

cial

mat

eria

ls

God

kjen

ning

av

prod

usen

ter a

v

(all

grad

es o

f dup

lex,

aus

teni

tic g

rade

s PR

E >

40,

spes

ielle

mat

eria

ler

cast

ings

of n

icke

l bas

e al

loys

and

tita

nium

/-allo

ys)

N

S 47

7 W

eldi

ng in

spec

tors

. Edu

catio

n, e

xam

inat

ion

and

task

s G

odkj

enni

ng a

v sv

eise

insp

ektø

rer

IS

O 1

4731

W

eldi

ng c

oord

inat

ion,

task

s an

d re

spon

sibi

litie

s Sv

eise

koor

dina

tor,

oppg

aver

og

ansv

ar

AS

TM G

48

Test

met

hod

for p

ittin

g an

d cr

evic

e co

rrosi

on

Korro

sjon

stes

t, gr

op- o

g sp

alte

korro

sjon

IS

O 3

651-

2 Te

st m

etho

d fo

r Iin

terg

ranu

lar c

orro

sion

Ko

rrosj

onst

est,

inte

rkry

stal

linsk

kor

rosj

on

AS

TM A

370

M

echa

nica

l tes

ting,

ste

el

Mek

anis

k pr

øvin

g av

stå

l

IS

O 1

48-1

Im

pact

test

ing

Sk

årsl

agsp

røvi

ng

IS

O 6

892-

1 Te

nsile

test

ing

at ro

omte

mpe

ratu

re

Stre

kkpr

øvin

g ve

d ro

mte

mpe

ratu

r

AS

TM E

112

Test

met

hod

for d

eter

min

ing

aver

age

grai

n si

ze

Met

ode

for b

este

mm

else

av

korn

stør

rels

e

AS

TM E

45

Test

met

hod

for d

eter

min

ing

the

incl

usio

n co

nten

t in

stee

l M

etod

e fo

r bes

tem

mel

se a

v sl

aggi

nnho

ld

54 55

Stan

dard

s re

late

d to

wel

ding

St

anda

rd n

o.

Title

/ Sc

ope

Nor

sk te

kst

IS

O 9

606-

1 (E

N 2

87-1

) St

eel w

elde

rs q

ualifi

catio

n te

st (c

ertifi

catio

n)

Serti

fiser

ing

av s

tåls

veis

ere

IS

O 1

5614

In

tern

atio

nal s

tand

ard

for a

ppro

ved

perfo

rmin

g In

tern

atio

nal s

tand

ard

for g

odkj

ent u

tføre

lse

og

and

test

ing

of w

elde

d co

nnec

tions

(WPQ

R)

test

ing

av s

veis

efor

bind

else

r sve

iste

forb

inde

lser

(WPQ

R)

IS

O 1

5609

W

eldi

ng P

roce

dure

Spe

cific

atio

n (W

PS)

Svei

sepr

osed

yres

pesi

fikas

jon

(WPS

)

IS

O 1

5608

In

tern

atio

nal s

tand

ard

for m

ater

ials

gro

upin

g In

tern

asjo

nal s

tand

ard

for m

ater

ialg

rupp

erin

g

IS

O 1

1970

In

tern

atio

nal s

tand

ard

for a

ppro

ved

In

tern

atio

nal s

tand

ard

for g

odkj

ent u

tføre

lse

og

perfo

rmin

g an

d te

stin

g of

wel

d re

pair

te

stin

g av

sve

iser

epar

asjo

ner v

ed

in c

ast s

teel

pro

duct

ion

(WPQ

R)

prod

uksj

on a

v st

øpes

tål (

WPQ

R)

EN

101

1-2

Cal

cula

tion

of p

rehe

at te

mp.

Be

regn

ing

av fo

rvar

min

gste

mpe

ratu

r

IS

O 1

4731

W

eldi

ng C

oord

inat

ion

Sv

eise

koor

dine

ring

IS

O 3

834

Wel

ding

Qua

lity

Req

uire

men

ts

Kval

itets

krav

ved

lysb

uesv

eisi

ng

AS

ME

IX

Qua

lifica

tion

stan

dard

for w

eldi

ng

God

kjen

ning

av

svei

sefo

rbin

dels

er o

g sv

eise

re

proc

edur

es a

nd w

elde

rs

AW

S D

1.1

Amer

ican

Wel

ding

Soc

iety,

Am

erik

ansk

sve

iset

ekni

sk fo

rbun

d,

Stru

ctur

al W

eldi

ng C

ode

svei

sest

anda

rd fo

r kon

stru

ksjo

ner

D

NV

OS

Det

Nor

ske

Verit

as, O

ffsho

re S

tand

ard

Det

Nor

ske

Verit

as, O

ffsho

re S

tand

ard

N

orso

k M

-101

St

ruct

ural

ste

el fa

bric

atio

n Fa

brik

asjo

n av

offs

hore

kon

stru

ksjo

ner

N

orso

k M

-601

W

eldi

ng a

nd in

spec

tion

of p

ipin

g Sv

eisi

ng o

g in

spek

sjon

av

rørs

yste

mer

AS

TM A

488

W

eldi

ng o

f ste

el c

astin

gs (f

abric

atio

n an

d re

pair)

Sv

eisin

g av

stø

pest

ål (k

onst

ruks

jons

svei

sing

og re

para

sjon)

EN

102

25

Wel

dabl

e st

ruct

ure

stee

ls fo

r fixe

d of

fsho

re s

truct

ures

Sv

eisb

are

kons

truks

jons

stål

for f

aste

kon

stru

ksjo

ner t

il hav

s

56 57

3,20 363 383 - 39,1 177 1220

3,25 352 372 - 37,9 172 1186

3,30 341 360 - 36,6 164 1131

3,35 331 350 - 35,5 159 1096

3,40 321 339 - 34,3 154 1062

3,45 311 328 - 33,1 149 1027

3,50 302 319 - 32,1 146 1007

3,55 293 309 - 30,9 142 979

3,60 285 301 - 29,9 138 952

3,65 277 292 - 28,8 134 924

3,70 269 284 - 27,6 131 903

3,75 262 276 - 26,6 127 876

3,80 255 269 - 25,4 123 848

3,85 248 261 - 24,2 120 827

3,90 241 253 100 22,8 116 800

3,95 235 247 99 21,7 114 786

4,00 229 241 98,2 20,5 111 765

4,05 223 234 97,3 - 107 738

4,10 217 228 96,4 - 105 724

4,15 212 222 95,5 - 102 703

4,20 207 218 94,6 - 100 690

4,25 201 212 93,7 - 98 676

4,30 197 207 92,8 - 95 655

Approximate equivalent hardness numbers and tensile strenghts for steel

2,25 745 840 - 65,3 - -

2,30 712 783 - 63,4 - -

2,35 682 737 - 61,7 - -

2,40 653 697 - 60 - -

2,45 627 667 - 58,7 347 2392

2,50 601 640 - 57,3 328 2261

2,55 578 615 - 56 313 2158

2,60 555 591 - 54,7 298 2055

2,65 534 569 - 53,5 288 1986

2,70 514 547 - 52,1 273 1882

- 539 - 51,6 269 1855

2,75 495 528 - 51 263 1818

- 516 - 50,3 257 1782

2,80 477 508 - 49,6 252 1737

- 495 - 48,8 244 1682

2,85 461 491 - 48,5 242 1669

- 474 - 47,2 231 1593

2,90 444 472 - 47,1 229 1579

2,95 429 455 - 45,7 220 1517

3,00 415 440 - 44,5 212 1462

3,05 401 425 - 43,1 202 1393

3,10 388 410 - 41,8 193 1331

3,15 375 396 - 40,4 184 1269

Diam. ball

indent.

mm

Diam. ball

indent.

mm

Brinell

3000 kg

10mm ball

Brinell

3000 kg

10mm ball

Vickers

hardness

HV

Vickers

hardness

HV

B. scale 100 kg

1/16.in diam.

B. scale 100 kg

1/16.in diam.

(approx.)

ksi MPa

(approx.)

ksi MPa

C. scale 150 kg

Brale Indenter.

C. scale 150 kg

Brale Indenter.

Tensile strength Tensile strengthRockwell Rockwell

58 59

4,35 192 202 91,9 - 93 641

4,40 187 196 90,9 - 90 621

4,45 183 192 90 - 89 614

4,50 179 188 89 - 87 600

4,55 174 182 88 - 85 586

4,60 170 178 87 - 83 572

4,65 167 175 86 - 81 559

4,70 163 171 85 - 79 545

4,75 159 167 83,9 - 78 538

4,80 156 163 82,9 - 76 524

4,85 152 159 81,9 - 75 517

4,90 149 156 80,8 - 73 503

4,95 146 153 79,7 - 72 496

5,00 143 150 78,6 - 71 490

5,10 137 143 76,4 - 67 462

5,20 131 137 74,2 - 65 448

5,30 126 132 72 - 63 434

5,40 121 127 69,8 - 60 414

5,50 116 122 67,6 - 58 400

5,60 111 117 65,4 - 56 386

Approximate equivalent hardness numbers and tensile strenghts for steel

Units In words Multiply by Example

10⁹ 1 000 000 000 Giga (G) Giga watt (GW)

10⁶ 1 000 000 Mega (M) Mega pascal (MPa)

10³ 1 000 Kilo (k) Kilo gram (kg)

10⁻³ 1/1 000 Milli (m) Milli gram (mg)

10⁻⁶ 1/1 000 000 Micro (µ) Micro meter (µm)

10⁻⁹ 1/1 000 000 000 Nano (n) Nano second (ns)

Prefix table

Diam. ball

indent.

mm

Brinell

3000 kg

10mm ball

Vickers

hardness

HV

B. scale 100 kg

1/16.in diam.

(approx.)

ksi MPa

C. scale 150 kg

Brale Indenter.

Tensile strengthRockwell

60 61

Con

vers

ion

tabl

es –

Uni

ts

U

nits

In

wor

ds

Mul

tiply

by

To o

btai

n

Exam

ple

m

m

Milli

met

re

0,03

9 in

ch

1mm

= 0

,039

inch

in

ch

Inch

25

,4

mm

1i

nch

= 25

,4m

m

kg

Ki

logr

am

2,20

5 lb

1k

g =

2,20

5lb

kg

Ki

logr

am

9,81

(m/s

²) N

ewto

n 1k

g =

9,81

N (k

gm/

s²)

lb

Po

und

0,

454

kg

1lb

= 0,

454k

g

m

M

etre

3,

28

ft 1m

= 3

,28f

t

ft

Fo

ot

0,30

48

m

1ft =

0,3

048m

N

N

ewto

n 0,

102

kgm

/s²

10N

= 1

,02k

g

N

/mm

² N

ewto

n pe

r squ

are

milli

met

res

1 M

Pa

N/m

m2

= M

Pa

M

Pa (

N/m

m²)

Meg

a Pa

scal

0,

145

ksi

510M

Pa =

74k

si

M

Pa

Meg

a Pa

scal

1

N/m

m²

MPa

= N

/mm

²

ks

i (ki

p/in

²) Ki

lo p

ound

per

squ

are

inch

6,

895

MPa

(N/m

m²)

52ks

i = 3

59M

Pa

ps

i Po

unds

per

squ

are

inch

0,

001

ksi

1ksi

= 1

000p

si

J

Joul

e (w

ork,

ene

rgy,

Nm

) 0,

74

ft·lb

27

J =

20ft·

lb

W

W

att (

effe

ct)

1 Jo

ule

per s

econ

d 1W

= 1

J/s

ft·

lb

Foot

pou

nd (w

ork)

1,

356

J 34

ft·lb

= 4

6J

pp

m

Parts

per

milli

on (m

ass)

1

mg/

kg

1ppm

= 1

mg/

kg =

1/1

000.

000

ba

r Ba

r 10

0 kP

a 10

bar =

100

0kPa

at

m

Atm

osph

ere

1,

013

Bar

10 a

tm =

10,

13 b

ar

⁰C

C

elsi

us

1,8

·⁰C +

32

⁰F

20⁰C

= 6

8⁰F

⁰F

Fa

hren

heit

0,56

· (⁰F

– 3

2)

⁰C

-50⁰

F =

-46⁰

C

K

Kelv

in

K –

273

⁰C

29

3K =

20⁰

C

62 63

Abbreviation Field* Name

ABS C American Bureau of Shipping

AISI ST American Iron and Steel Institute

API ST American Petroleum Institute

ASME ST American Society of Mechanical Engineers

ASTM ST American Society of Testing Materials

AWS ST American Welding Society

BOP OG Blow Out Preventer

BV C Bureau Veritas

CA CR Corrosion allowance

CE W Carbon Equivalent

CP CR Cathodic Protection

CRA CR Corrosion Resistant Alloy

CS M Carbon steel

CSCC CR Chloride induced Stress Corrosion Cracking

CTOD T Crack Tip Opening Displacement

DNV C Det Norske Veritas

DNV OS ST DNV Offshore Specification

EBW (51) W Electron Beam Welding

EN ST European Standard

ESK OG Element Specification Key

ESV OG Emergency Safety Valve

F&G OG Fire & Gas

List of abbreviationsW = weld CR = corrosion resistance M = materials T = testing

OG = oil and gas ST = standard C = classification company

Abbreviation Field * Name

FAQ OG Frequently asked questions

FAT OG Fabrication Approval Test

FCAW (136) W Flux Cored Arc Welding (USA), flux cored wire

FEED OG Front End Engineering Diciplines

FL W Fusion Line (interface weld deposit/base material)

GMAW (131) W Gas Metal Arc Welding (USA), solid wire

GRP M Glas fibre Reinforced Plastic

GTAW (141) W Gas Tungsten Arc Welding(USA), solid wire

HAZ W Heat Affected Zone

HB T Hardness Brinell

HRB T Hardness Rockwell B

HRC T Hardness Rockwell C

HV T Hardness Vickers

HIP M Hot Isostatic Pressed

HISC CR Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking

IIW ST International Institute of Welding

ISO ST International Standard Organisation

LBW (52) W Laser Beam Welding (USA)

LCC OG Life Cycle Cost

LRS C Lloyds Register of Shipping

LT T Low Temperature (impact properties)

MAG (135) W Metal Active Gas welding, solid wire

64 65

List of abbreviations

Abbreviation Field * Name

MAG (136) W Metal Active Gas welding, flux cored wire

MAG (138) W Metal Active Gas welding, metal powder cored wire

MDS OG Material Data Sheet

MDT OG Minimum Design Temperature

MEG OG Mono Ethylene Glycol

MIG (131) W Metal Inert Gas welding

MMA (111) W Manual Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

MT NDT Magnetic powder Testing

NDE NDT Non-Destructive Examination

NDT NDT Non Destructive Testing

NORSOK ST The competitive standing of the Norwegian

offshore sector

P&ID OG (Pipe)Process and Instrument Diagram

PAW (15) W Plasma Arc Welding (USA)

Pcm W Carbon equivalent

PED ST Pressure Equipment Directive

PFD OG Process Flow Diagram

PMI T Positive Material Identification

PRE CR Pitting Resistant Equivalent

PSV OG Pressure Safety Valve

PT NDT Penetrant Testing

PTFE M Poly Tetra Fluoro Ethylene (Teflon)

PWHT W Post Weld Heat Treatment

Abbreviation Field * Name

QTR OG Qualification Test Record

RT NDT Radiographic Testing

SAW (121) W Submerged arc welding, solid wire electrode

SAW (122) W Submerged arc welding, strip wire electrode

SCC CR Stress Corrosion Cracking

SMAW (111) W Shielded Metal Arc Welding (USA)

SMYS T Specified Minimum Yield Strength

SOW OG Scope Of Work

SRDL OG Supplier Request Document List

SS M Stainless Steel

SSC CR Sulphide Stress Cracking

TIG (141) W Tungsten Inert Gas welding, solid filler

TS T Tensile strength

UNS ST Unified Numbering System

UT NDT Ultrasonic Testing

UTS T Ultimate Tensile Strength

VDS OG Valve Data Sheet

YS T Yield Strength

VT NDT Visual Testing

WI OG Water Injection

WM W Weld metal (weld deposit)

WPQR W Welding Procedure Qualification Record

WPS W Welding Procedure Specification

W = weld CR = corrosion resistance M = materials T = testing

OG = oil and gas ST = standard C = classification company

Jørpeland

Tau

Stavanger

Sola

Sandnes

Lauvvik

Forus

E39

E39

510

44

44

Car ferry (30-40 min)

Car ferry (10 min)

Catamaran(25 min)

Oanes

13

66 67

SSA is based at Jørpeland, a small town near Stavanger, Norway. 100 years ago, Jørpeland had a few farms, a handful of houses, a bakery and a couple of shops. The river already produced electric power for the local sawmill and the wood processing industry.

In December 1910, the decision was taken toestablish a steelworks at Jørpeland. The firststeel melt was produced in 1913.

The establishment of the steelworks created a new era in the history of Jørpeland, bringing in construction workers, craftsmen and engineers from many European countries.

Today, Jørpeland has around 6,000 inhabitantsand is the community centre. Communication with the Stavanger region is via car ferries and catamarans. The surrounding mountains and fjord provide excellent recreational opportunities for the people living here.

Published XX.05.2017.SSA cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this book, or wrong use.

Stavanger Steel AS Stålverksvegen 51N-4100 JØRPELANDNORWAYTel. +47 51 74 34 00 E-mail: post@stavangersteel.nowww.stavangersteel.no