Lab Manager's Independent guIde to purchasIng an eLeMentaL anaLyzerSEPTEMBER 2011 CoPyRighT © laB ManagER MagazinE®

laboratories worldwide use elemental analyzers for measuring the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and halogen content in

samples such as chemical-reaction products, soil, bodily fluids, and waste or drinking water. Benchtop elemental analyzers come in a

variety of types for specific applications: total organic content (ToC), total organic halogens (ToX), nitrogen, nitrogen concentration

relative to protein (nitrogen derived from protein molecules), and Chn analyzers, named after the three most common elements they

measure—carbon (C), hydrogen (h), nitrogen (n).

This purchasing guide presents models of benchtop elemental analyzers currently available for the laboratory.

IntroductIon:

Common for environmental work, ToX analyzers measure total organic halogens (chlorine, fluorine, bromine, and iodine) in surface water, groundwater, wastewater, and soils to determine contamination from sources such as chlorinated pesticides and industrial solvents.

ToX analyzers are often converted to analyze absorbable organic halogen (aoX), extractable organic halogen (EoX), and purgeable organic halogen (PoX).

toX analyzers

Analytik Jena AGmulti X 2500

CE InstrumentsECS 3000

MitsubishiMitsubishi AOX-200

TE InstrumentsXplorer

ToC instruments indirectly measure organic molecules in water, a popular choice for testing water quality and validating cleaning procedures. These instruments oxidize carbon in a sample and then measure the carbon dioxide produced.

a typical ToC analysis measures both the total carbon present and the inorganic carbon from dissolved carbon dioxide and carbonic acid salts. Subtracting inorganic carbon from the total carbon yields the ToC. another common instrument version removes the inorganic carbon portion first and then measures the leftover carbon.

toc analyzers

a ToC analyzers measure total organic content only.

HachastroTOC UV Turbo TOC

SGE ANATOC Series II TOC Analyzer

ShimadzuTOC-L Series

ShimadzuTOC Vcs/TOC Vcp

Sievers900 TOC Analyzer

Sievers900 Portable TOC Analyzer

Teledyne TekmarFusion

TOC Systems, IncStartTOC Automactic

TOC Systems, IncStarTOC Semi-Automatic

OI AnalyticalAurora 1030W

SkalarPrimacsSLC

ShimadzuTOC-Vws/TOC-VWP

SieversInnovOx Laboratory TOC

Sievers5310 C Laboratory TOC Analyzer

Sievers5310 C Portable TOC Analyzer

Thermo ScientificHiPerTOC

TOC Systems, IncStarTOC Solids Analyzer

B ToC/Tn analyzers measure total organic carbon and total nitrogen (Tn) on one instrument.

Analytik Jena AGmulti N/C 2100

Analytik Jena AGmulti N/C UV HS

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHvario TOC cube

OI AnalyticalAurora 1030C

ShimadzuTOC-L Series

Skalar FormacsLT

Teledyne TekmarTorch Combustion TOC/TN Analyzer

Analytik Jena AGmulti N/C 3100

Analytik Jena AGmulti N/C pharma

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHliquiTOC II

ShimadzuTNM-L TN

ShimadzuTOC Vcs/TOC Vcp

SkalarFormacsHT

nitrogen analyzers—instrumental alternatives to manual Kjeldahl digestion methods—feature two types: total nitrogen analyzers (Tn) and nitrogen relative to protein content analyzers (n-Protein).

nItrogen analyzers

a Monitoring the total nitrogen content (Tn) from nitrates, nitrites, and ammonia is common in biological

and oxygen level studies of waters and wastewaters, such as determining the effects of fertilizer runoff.

MitsubishiTN-100

ShimadzuTN-4110

MitsubishiTN-110

SkalarFormacsTN

B Since proteins are 16 percent nitrogen on average, measuring nitrogen content relative to protein (n-Protein)—common in food analysis—indicates protein level.

LecoTruMac Series Macro Determinator

EuroVectorN-Protein Analyzer

Thermo ScientificFLASH 2000 N/ Protein Analyzer

LecoTruSpec Elemental Determinator

LecoFP-528

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHvario EL cube

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHrapid N cube

Thermo ScientificFLASH 4000 N/ Protein Analyzer

Perkin Elmer2410 Series II Nitrogen Analyzer

Chn analyzers determine the elemental composition of solids, liquids, and gases by measuring the carbon dioxide, water, and nitric oxide produced after sample combustion.

Beyond carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen, some instruments also measure sulfur (S), oxygen (o), and chlorine (Cl); others specialize in identifying only one or two elements, such as h and CS analyzers. Chn analysis has traditionally determined the empirical formula of unknown organic compounds in biology and synthetic chemistry labs.

a These Chn analyzers measure carbon.

c and these Chn analyzers measure oxygen.

cHn analyzers

BrukerG4 ICARUS CS HF

BrukerG8 GALILEO ON/H

BrukerG4 PHOENIX DH

EuroVectorEA3000

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHrapid CS cube

Horiba ScientificEMGA-930

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHvario MAX CNS

Horiba ScientificEMGA-920

Horiba ScientificEMIA-8100

LecoONH836 Series

LecoDH603

LecoTCH600-series

LecoSC632

Thermo ScientificFLASH 2000 CHNS/O Analyzer

LecoCS230-Series

LecoTruMac Series Macro Determinator

MitsubishiTS-100

Thermo ScientificFLASH 2000 NC Analyzer

BrukerG4 ICARUS CS TF

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHvario MICRO cube

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHvario MACRO cube

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHtrace SN cube

Exeter Analytical, Inc.CE-440

HEKAtech GMBHEuro EA

B These Chn analyzers measure chlorine.

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHvario EL cube

MitsubishiTOX-100

Analytik Jena AGmulti EA 5000

Analytik Jena AGmulti EA 4000

MitsubishiNSX-2100H

Elementar Analysensysteme GmbHvario MAX CHN

Horiba ScientificEMGA-600

Horiba ScientificEMGA-620W/C

Horiba ScientificEMIA-V2

Horiba ScientificEMGA-620W

LecoTruSpec Elemental Determinator

Horiba ScientificEMGA-920

LecoRHEN602

LecoTC500-Series

LecoSC-144DR

LecoTC400-Series

LecoTC500-Series

LecoCS844

LecoCS600-Series

LecoRC612

MitsubishiTS-100V

Author: John Buie

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The flared end of this pump tubing allows the large sample capillary tubing to be inserted.

It can be difficult to insert the sample tube into the peristaltic pump tubing on your ICP-MS. This is particularly so if the peristaltic pump tubing has a small internal diameter (ID). An example is the pump tubing used for the internal standard which usually has an ID of 0.2 to 0.4mm and is incompatible with the sample tubing OD of 1.3mm.

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