stanford school of engineering annual report

STANFORDENGINEERING

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October 5, 2010, just as the new school year began, we dedicated the brand-new Jen-Hsun Huang Engineering Center. It was a day to celebrate decades of leader-ship by the School of Engineering and its

graduates, but it was also a moment for refl ecting on all that Stanford Engineering was and is, and look-ing ahead at all that it will become.

For nearly a century, Stanford has been at the fore-front of the engineering revolution in every sector of the profession. Stanford Engineering has helped people the world over live healthier, happier, easier, more e� cient and more connected lives. In the truest sense, we have changed the world. As I look back over the year since we opened the Huang Center, I have come to understand this legacy in four respects that I like to think of as Heroes, Heavyweights, Upstarts and Startups—the past, present and future of Stanford Engineering.

Heroes: The Shoulders of GiantsAs the new home to the School of Engineering, the Huang Center is a gathering place for people, events and, perhaps more importantly, the exchange of ideas. But it is also a testament to our remarkable past. It is here that we pay tribute to the Engineering Heroes who best exemplify what it means to be a “Stanford Engineer,” those who have profoundly advanced the course of human, social and economic progress through engineering. The names and faces

of our heroes are displayed proudly throughout the building. Hewlett. Packard. Dolby. Durand. Litton. Knuth. Cerf. And, of course, Terman.

Heavyweights: Contenders for the CrownThe Huang Center is not merely a memorial to things past, but a reminder of the past as inspiration. On our faculty today are professors of profound talent and reputation. To maintain our leadership and rep-utation, we attract and nurture the very best. They are Heavyweights in their fi elds, brilliant minds who rival any in the world, people who have made their names tackling the greatest challenges of our time— human health, renewable energy, climate change, e� cient transportation, more powerful computers and safer buildings.

Upstarts: Future PerfectHowever, no great research university can succeed simply because of its past or even its present. There must be an eye on the future, on technologies dreamed of only in the minds of younger faculty whose names may be unfamiliar but whose work will someday inspire new generations of engineers. These are the Upstarts, the engineers whose next paper or technical innovation may catch the imagi-nation of the world and change the way we live.

Startups: World by the HornsLast but not least, we have the Startups—the remark-able array of companies that trace their roots to the Stanford School of Engineering. Entrepreneurialism is the distinguishing feature of Stanford Engineer-ing. Stanford engineers partner with innovators in medicine, business, architecture and design to extend our work into promising new areas to create things no one dared to dream before.

The result of all this history and promise is a unique place known as the Stanford University School of Engineering. Our collective product is a brighter future. We have only just begun to fulfi ll the promise of science and technology and the economic engine they fuel. There are great discoveries to be made and new applications still to imagine.

Sincerely,James Plummer, dean

Heroes, Heavyweights, Upstarts & Startups: A Year in Review

on

letter from the dean

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Y E A R I N R E V I E W 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 1STANFORD

ENGINEERINGc o n t e n t s

Heroes’ WelcomeDonald Knuth leads the fi rst class of eight Stanford Engineering Heroes. Plus: Cerf and Litton.

Devil in the DetailsRuss Altman mines data to root out a dangerous drug interaction. Plus: Luthy, Cui and McIntyre.

Can You Hear Us Now?Stanford engineers devise two-way WiFi and explore the mobile-social computing future. Plus: Smolke, Bao and Vuckovic.

Sitting on Top of the WorldSkybox Imaging looks to change our perspective on business data. Plus: Instagram is an insta-hit.

A Letter from the Dean

Alumni DemographicsWhere we live

Spotlight: BioengineeringTwo schools, one future

A Day in the LifeA picture speaks volumes

Faculty News• Awards & Honors• Newly Appointed & Emeritus• In Memoriam• Distinctions

Financials• About the School• Financials• Alumni Breakdowns

Brainstorm

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Skybox Imaging lookdata. Plus: Instagram

H E R O E S

Stanford Engineering alumni have generated

H E A V Y W E I G H T S

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25

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2.2 million new jobs

$1.6 trillion annual

revenues worldwide.

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P U B L I S H E RJames Plummer, Dean

EDITOR-IN- CHIEFLaura Breyfogle

EXECUTIVE EDITORJamie Beckett

CREATIVE DIRECTOR/MANAGING EDITORAndrew Myers

WRITERSAndrew MyersKrista Conger

Louis BergeronSandeep Ravindran

SOCIAL MEDIA/ WEB MANAGER Staci Baird

PHOTO EDITORSteve Stanghellini

ART AND DESIGNSusan Scandrett

COPYEDITORHeidi Beck

PRINTERR.R. Donnelly

S C H O O L O F E N G I N E E R I N G A D M I N I S T R AT I O N

James PlummerDean

Curtis FrankSr. Assoc. Dean, Faculty and Academics

Brad OsgoodSr. Assoc. Dean, Student Affairs

Laura BreyfogleSr. Assoc. Dean, External Relations

Clare Hansen-ShinnerlSr. Assoc. Dean, Administration

D E P A R T M E N T C H A I R S

Charbel FarhatAeronautics and Astronautics

Russ AltmanBioengineering

Eric ShaqfehChemical Engineering

Stephen MonismithCivil and Environmental Engineering

Jennifer WidomComputer Science

Mark HorowitzElectrical Engineering

Peter GlynnManagement Science & Engineering

Robert SinclairMaterials Science and Engineering

Friedrich PrinzMechanical Engineering

Margot GerritsenDirector, Institute for Computational and

Mathematical Engineering

STANFORDENGINEERING

S TA N F O R D S C H O O L O F E N G I N E E R I N GJ E N - H S U N H U A N G E N G I N E E R I N G C E N T E R

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engineer ing .stanford.edu

Mexico303Alaska

86

Hawaii298

Oregon135

Idaho180

NY City, Conn, N NJ1,972

Boston1,117

New England

463UpstateNew York

251

Wash DC, Maryland, N VA1,373

Illinois, Wisconsin,

Indiana996

Michigan409

Minnesota 296

Nebraska,Dakotas,

Iowa134

Montana,Wyoming

99

WesternCanada

119 CentralCanada

39

Ontario140

EasternCanada

70

Ohio,Kent,W Penn568

Philadelphia344

Southern States

922

Oklahoma,Arkansas

82

Georgia320

Florida372

Washington372

Colorado1,060

Missouri, Kansas

227

New Mexico335

Utah223

Nevada253

Northern California

19,897

SouthernCalifornia

4,388

South Bay

Peninsula

San Francisco

East Bay

Los Angeles

San Diego

Orange County

Sacramento/Stockton

Monterey Peninsula

Napa, Sonoma

Santa Barbara, Ventura

So. California General

Northern California

Bakersfield, SLO

Fresno, Madera, Visalia

Tracy, Modesto

7,301

5,524

3,223

2,246

2,051

873

805

738

343

316

268

161

144

142

88

62

California BreakdownThe Rest of the World

Italy

Switzerland

Australia

Germany

England

Korea

Hong Kong

Middle East & Africa

Taiwan

Singapore

South & Central America

France

Japan

Other Europe

Other Asia

48

110

120

129

242

275

325

356

376

473

520

560

616

649

723

Alumni Demographics

Portland899

Seattle1,331

El Paso,West Texas

61

Dallas/Fort Worth

387

Tucson127

Phoenix408

South Texas,Austin,

San Antonio508

Houston431

Miami180


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D E P A R T M E N T S P O T L I G H T

When the Department of Bioengineering formed in 2003 it was envisioned as a collaboration among scien-tists, engineers and physicians. But one question lin-gered: In what school should Stanford’s newest department reside, the School of Engineering or the School of Medicine? So, the deans of the two world-renowned schools did what reasonable people do—they shared.

Bioengineers are a new class of scientists who use the tools and the know-how of engineering to solve medical problems and design solutions to disease, abnormalities and injury. Bioengineers apply biology, chemistry and physics to study biological systems—to measure, ana-lyze, fabricate and control these systems—in ways never before imagined.

Bioengineers have moved us to the cusp of a new era of signifi cant advances in human health based on engi-neering biology to build new molecules, cells and tissues. Entire new industries will develop from the fi eld and the changes will be similar in scale and scope to those wrought by the information technology revolution.

The Common Thread: StanfordThat much of this is happening at Stanford University is no coincidence. The Department of Bioengineering has the enviable opportunity to leverage the depth and breadth of Stanford University’s knowledge and the might of Silicon Valley’s high-tech communities.

Here, the next big breakthroughs are literally just around the corner. The proximity of Stanford’s excep-tional schools of engineering and medicine, located just steps from one another, is a rarity among the nation’s

top universities. Such proximity makes it possible for students to attend hospital rounds, take engineering classes, conduct research in bioscience labs, and work side-by-side with students and faculty in other disci-plines in the course of a given day.

The nearness of Silicon Valley and its remarkable entrepreneurial spirit, business acumen and its funding sources provide a further—many say unbeatable—edge to the researchers of Stanford Bioengineering.

Building ExcellenceThe department has quickly risen in the rankings and it now figures among the top ten such programs in the country. The department is training engineers and bio-medical scientists at all levels—undergraduate and graduate students, and post-doctoral fellows.

The undergraduate program, launched only in 2010, provides an opportunity to develop an entirely new curriculum that takes advantage of the strengths of the schools of engineering, humanities and sciences, and medicine to attract and educate a new generation of exceptional students just beginning to chart their careers.

Below: An artist rendering of

the new Bioengineering and

Chemical Engineering Build-

ing that will open in 2014.

To watch the video, scan the QR code or go to http://bit.ly/uCJpNz

T R A N S F O R M I N G H U M A N H E A LT H

DEPARTMENT SPOTLIGHT: BIOENGINEERING

Video: Listen to bioengineers describe their work and what makes Stanford such a special place.


Bioengineers measure, analyze, fabricate and control biological systems in ways never before imagined.

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P H O T O G R A P H B Y T I M G R I F F I T H

“Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known.” —Carl Sagan, American Author/Scientist

A Day in the Life

H E R O E S

Don Knuth was a college student in the 1950s when he answered the call for a job programming an IBM Type 650 computer, the fi rst computer he had ever seen. “Fortuity” hardly does the meeting jus-tice. Knuth was born to program computers. It was as if computers had been awaiting him. Some

50 years later, Knuth is a celeb-rity of sorts, toasted as one of eight in an inaugural class of Stanford Engineering Heroes.

Knuth is a giant of computer science. In 1999, American Scien-tist magazine prepared a list of the best physical science books of the previous 100 years. There in

the list of monographs—beside the likes of Einstein, Pauling, Dirac, Mandelbrot, Russell, von Neumann and Feynman—was Don Knuth. His multi-volume, yet-unfi nished magnum opus The Art of Computer Programming has sold more than a million copies.

Thus fame has come to Don Knuth. Acolytes rec-ognize him on the street, pointing and whispering his name. They email him questions as if to an oracle, unaware perhaps that Knuth unburdened himself of email in 1990, too busy to answer the near-constant flow. Silvered men, far closer to 70 than 17, corner him, albeit gently. They produce photos of fleeting

Fifty years after coming to Stanford, Donald Knuth fi nds himself toasted

as one of eight in the fi rst class of Stanford Engineering Heroes.

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encounters. Knuth kindly accedes to their designs on his time, chatting politely as if with an old friend.

Labor of loveThe Art of Computer Programming has been a lifelong labor of love for Knuth. He began writing in 1962. The fi rst volume was published in 1968. A second followed a year later, and a third in 1973. He was well into the fourth volume by 1977, and working on new editions of the fi rst two, when he took a detour.

The second edition of The Art of Computer Pro-gramming had been typeset using a new photo-opti-cal process. To this son of a typesetter, the results underwhelmed. His book was not beautiful.

Knuth set about fi xing the problem. His solutions—two programs known as TeX and METAFONT—would redefi ne the fi eld of digital typography. He planned for a year’s work; it took a decade. When he fi nished, he simply gave the works away.

Returning to The Art of Computer Programming in the late 1980s, Knuth pressed on. He is now wrapping up volume four. He hopes to complete three more.

Art and artifi ceWhen asked to explain the word “art” in the title of his book, the professor grows refl ective. Why not call it, simply: Computer Programming? “In one way ‘art’ is like ‘artificial,’ meaning it is not found in nature but made by human beings,” he says. “There also are elements of fine art—of the ineffable—in there, too. The very best computer programs rise to

the level of art. They are beautiful.”This insistence on the unquantifi able in his work

has much to do with Knuth’s love of music. His fi rst dream was to be a musician. In music, as with mathematics, he sees patterns and order and sym-metry. “I’m convinced that Tchaikovsky would have loved combinatorial mathematics if he had lived a century later,” he says.

And why did he come to Stanford? Knuth chalks it up to the fact that Stanford was a world leader in computer science even then, under George Forsythe, the man he credits with virtually inventing the fi eld.

PossibilitiesFreedom also played a big role in his decision, he says: “I knew I wouldn’t have to fight to keep the department going as with smaller departments at other schools. This is where the best people were and where I could do what I did best.”

And what if computers had not become what they have to our society and our culture, where would he be now? Knuth pauses to turn over the possibilities in his head. After a moment, he says, “I fi gure I would have been a computer scientist any-way. For me it has always been about solving inter-esting and challenging questions.”

Flowing from the lips of a man who spent a life-time on a quest to write a solitary work, the same man who embraced a decade-long detour only to give the work away, it comes as no surprise.

Hero indeed.

“I’m convinced that Tchaikovsky would have loved

combinatorial mathematics if

he had lived a century later.”

Left: A sample page from Knuth’s TeX. Above: Don Knuth at

home in his study where he does his writing. Lower left:

A display of Knuth’s books at the Huang Engineering Center.


Top left: Vint Cerf during

his Stanford days.

Bottom left: Charles Litton.

While teaching at Stanford in the 1970s, Vint Cerf helped develop data transfer protocols that to this day govern Internet tra� c. He has since become known as “a father of the Internet.” Today, Cerf waxes philosophical about how something that began as way to connect a few uni-versities has become an “Internet of things” including myriad connected household devices like the tempera-ture control system on his wine cellar, which he manages with a smartphone.

Recognized as one of the inaugural class of Stanford Engineering Heroes, the self-e� acing former professor spent a day with engineering students and later spoke before a packed house at the NVIDIA Auditorium. Cerf’s latest vision for the Internet? He calls it the Interplanetary Internet, a way to communicate across the vast distances of space.

The MagicianCharles Litton was born in the Bay Area and graduated with degrees in mechanical and electrical engineering from Stanford in the mid-1920s. In the heyday of radio,

Litton was a magician of glass vacuum tube manufacture. He designed and built the first practical glass-blowing lathe, using it to mass-produce tubes and other glass-based radio components. In 1932, he founded Litton Industries.

In 1936, at Fred Terman’s request, Litton volunteered to help Stanford create a tube research lab. Terman later wrote to Litton of one “Dave Packard” who had accepted an

assistantship in the lab funded by a $1,000 grant from Litton. “I think he is the best-qualified man that one could conceivably hope to fi nd,” wrote Terman.

During WWII, Litton helped Raytheon develop the magnetron, a microwave-generating electron tube that greatly enhanced the range of radar at a time when the U.S. very much needed a defensive edge. In the years following the war, large defense contracts helped Litton Industries grow to rival the great companies of the East Coast and lay the technological foundation for the revolution that would transform Silicon Valley in succeeding decades. s

The amount Don Knuth once paid those who found typos in his manuscripts

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for an iPhone 4 (2000 MIPS)

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DETAILS The work of today’s engineers

transcends traditional concepts of engi-neering. Researchers led by Stanford

bioengineer Russ Altman, MD, PhD, used data mining, a technique once downplayed by the med-ical establishment, to sni� out a potentially harm-ful side e� ect when two popular drugs are used in combination.

They were able to identify a heretofore unknown side e� ect—a dangerous spike in blood glucose lev-els—that occurs when the antidepressant Paxil and the cholesterol-lowering medication Pravachol are used together. The researchers estimate as many as 1 million patients could be helped by the discovery.

It’s not uncommon for medications to have e� ects in combination, but because most drugs are approved in isolation, such interactions can be dif-fi cult or impossible to spot.

GleaningData mining is a technique more common to com-puter science and statistics. It involves combing through massive amounts of data to glean interest-ing patterns. In medicine, as this case shows, it can reveal dangerous side e� ects not readily apparent to physicians treating an individual patient.

“These kinds of drug interactions are almost certainly occurring all of the time, but, because they are not part of the approval process by the Food and Drug Administration, we can only learn about them after the drugs are on the market,” says Altman.

Data mining helps unearth a potentially deadly interaction of two popular drugs

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“Physicians tend to think of electronic medical records in terms of better tracking data about single patients, but there’s utility in looking at broader population effects. The information is there to change health-care practice in a meaningful, sub-stantial way,” says Altman.

To arrive at their discovery, researchers first examined the Adverse Event Reporting System, or AERS, a database of voluntarily reported negative medical events maintained by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.

Altman and his colleagues identifi ed random pairs of drugs that caused diabetes-related symptoms by looking for individual drugs with side e� ects reminiscent of diabetes, such as high blood sugar, fever and fatigue.

Likely suspectsIn all, the team identified four pairs of drugs that appeared likely to cause such symptoms, but only if used in combination. They then focused on the most prescribed of the drugs.

“Between 13 and 15 million people in this country have prescriptions for Paxil and Pravachol,” says Altman. “We predict that between 500,000 and 1 million people are taking them simultaneously.”

With likely drug candidates identified, the researchers looked for corroborating evidence in the sophisticated electronic medical records maintained

at the three participating universities: Stanford, Harvard and Vanderbilt.

Signifi cant numbersThe numbers proved convincing, if not astounding. People with fasting blood glucose levels above 126 mg/dl are considered diabetic; a level of 100 to 125 mg/dl is considered pre-diabetic. Among the 135 non-diabetic people taking both drugs, the research-

ers calculated an average glucose increase of 19 mg/dl. Perhaps even more worrisome: Among the 104 diabetic patients in the secondary study, there was a dramatic spike of 48 mg/dl when both drugs were prescribed.

“These are signifi cant numbers,” says Altman. “Understanding and mitigating the e� ect this pair of medications has on blood sugar could allow a person with diabetes to better control his or her glucose levels, or even prevent someone who is pre-diabetic from crossing that threshold into full-blown diabetes.”

Above: Altman is chair of

the bioengineering

department and an expert

in pharmacogenomics, the

use of genetics to predict

drug response.

“The information is there to

change health-care practice in a

meaningful, substantial way.”



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foremost expert in water

quality. Bottom left: Yi Cui is

a materials science engineer

whose work ranges from

batteries and solar cells to

nanoscience. Above: Paul

McIntyre is an expert in

atomic layer deposition.

Re-thinking Urban WaterFrom shortages driven by growing population, cli-mate change and crumbling infrastructure to dealing with growing waste, water will soon become the pre-dominant environmental concern for America’s urban centers. To help meet these challenges, the National Science Foundation awarded $18.5 million to establish an Engineering Research Center (ERC) headed by Stanford to develop new, sustainable ways to address America’s looming water crisis.

“Urban water is a monumental challenge and it deserves concerted effort on the grandest scale,” says Stanford’s Richard Luthy, a professor of civil and environmental engineering, who will lead the ERC. The ERC team will include researchers at four U.S. universities who will develop new strategies for replacing infrastructure, new technologies for water management and treatment, and new ways to recov-er energy and water.

Rivers of EnergyIf engineer Yi Cui has his way, as much as 2 tera-watts of e lectr ic i ty—almost 13 percent of the world’s daily usage—could be produced by a new sort of electrical power plant that employs nanotech-nology and the di� erence in salinity between fresh

and saltwater to generate electrical current. Such power stations are really massive rechargeable bat-teries and could be built wherever freshwater rivers

fl ow into the ocean. A suitable quantity of fresh water is the

biggest hurdle, but Cui thinks storm runo� and gray water could be used. “We need to study waste water,” he says. “If we can use waste water, this will sell.” If he succeeds, a power plant operating on a small stream fl owing at 50 cubic meters per second could produce enough electricity to power 100,000 homes.

A Solar-powered Water SplitterSplitting water into pure oxygen and clean-burning hydrogen fuel has long been the Holy Grail for clean-energy advocates as a method of large-scale energy storage, but the technical challenges are daunting and have, so far, prevented advances.

Now, a Stanford team, led by materials science engineer Paul McIntyre and chem-ist Christopher Chidsey, devised a robust

silicon-based solar electrode that shows remarkable endurance in the highly corrosive environment inherent in the process of split-ting water.

The researchers coated the delicate sili-con with an ultra-thin, fl awless layer of trans-parent titanium diox-ide that lets the light through, yet protects the electrode from corrosive oxygen created in the reaction. Their success might just push a promising technology one step closer to practical application, and the world one step closer to a clean-energy future. s

400936

Energy consumed in all forms by the human race per year (Quadrillion BTUs)

Solar energy hitting the face of Earth every hour (Quadrillion BTUs)

J U S T T H E F A C T S


can you hear us now

From wireless that can hear and talk at the same time to rethinking our mobile-social future, engineers at Stanford

are reshaping the communications of tomorrow.

“The textbooks say you can’t do it,” says Philip Levis of his latest work. “Our system completely upends long-held assumptions about wireless network design.”

In radio communication, the axiom is that tra� c fl ows in only one direction on a single frequency. It is either incoming or outgoing. Cell phone networks may seem like an exception, but they get past the problem by using

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multiple frequencies and expensive work-arounds that require careful planning.

A whisper above a shoutPhilip Levis and Sachin Katti, both assistant professors of computer science and of electri-cal engineering, led a team, including electri-cal engineering doctoral candidates Jung Il Choi, Mayank Jain and Kannan Srinivasan, to do what others said couldn’t be done: create a wireless radio that can send and receive simultaneously on the same frequency. The consequences, particularly for WiFi networks, could be profound.

“When a radio transmits, its own transmis-sion is millions, billions of times stronger than anything else it might hear [from another radio],” Levis says. “It’s like trying to hear a whisper while you yourself are shouting.”

The solution is surprisingly simple. “One researcher even went so far as to say something so obvious must have already been tried,” says

Levis. But work it did. Like our brains, the new radio fi lters out the

sound of its own voice so that weaker incoming signals can be heard. At MobiCom 2010, an international gathering of the world’s top experts in mobile networking, the Stanford team won best demonstration.

Refi nementsLevis and his collaborators have since refi ned their work, and the latest iteration improves greatly on the original. It uses a well-known device, a balance-unbalance circuit—called a balun in the trade—in a novel way. The balun circuit copies and inverts the outgoing signal— it turns it upside down. The two exact-opposite waves cancel each other, like matter and anti-matter. What remains is the all-important, weaker incoming signal.

Yet, as with many things engineering, this cancellation is easier said than done. Wireless receivers transmit across a range of frequen-

Below from left to right:

Philip Levis, Jung Il Choi,

Sachin Katti, Mayank Jain.

Kannan Srinivasan

(not pictured). Opposite

page: Monica Lam


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cies known as a bandwidth. Bandwidth is like a piano chord, set of notes sounded simultane-ously. The team’s earlier version was most e� ective only on the root note of the chord and grew progressively less effective the farther from the root things got. Balun cancellation, however, works for the most part across the entire bandwidth. In effect, it cancels the whole chord.

“It’s not perfect yet, but we can now cancel enough of the outgoing signal to make the sys-tem to work for WiFi-like devices that are at the

heart of wireless local area networks today,” says Levis.

The most obvious advantage of sending and receiving signals simultaneously is that it instantly doubles the amount of information you can transmit, Levis says. That could mean faster, less congested home and o� ce networks, or transmission of larger files, such as video and hi-fi delity music. It could also mean rout-ers able to transmit packets as they are being received, rather than storing and forwarding in sequence, as is now the case.

Although Levis’s clever device might herald a new age of faster data connections, the real ques-tion turns not so much to how big can we make the pipe, but what are we going to fill it with? Increasingly, the answer to that question seems to be social media.

The advent of social media in the last decade has been the defining feature of our increas-ingly connected world. While tremendously powerful technological tools like smartphones and tablet computers have blossomed, the real revolution is not in their technical prowess, their speed or their connectedness; it is in how we choose to use them. And that has over-whelmingly been to communicate with other human beings.

In a different lab in the same building as Levis, Professor Monica Lam leads a team of computer science graduate students who are redefi ning how mobile technologies will shape the coming decade. They are devising a more powerful, more connected and more private mobile-social future.

MarriageThey call their lab MobiSocial—the Stanford Mobile and Social Computing Laboratory. It is a glimpse into the future of social computing. They are asking the most fundamental ques-tions about this rapidly burgeoning fi eld: Can social be done better? Can it be even more social and more fun? Can it be more open? Can it be more secure? And, if so, how?

While these questions seem obvious now, they weren’t as the technologies were entrench-ing themselves.

“Social media are all fantastic ideas and trans-formative uses of technology,” says Monica Lam, professor of computer science and faculty direc-tor of MobiSocial. “But people have rushed into these proprietary playgrounds seemingly JO

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unconcerned about the consequences.”The MobiSocial Lab is working to create a new

class of mobile and social computing technology, enabling all the positive aspects of social media— from e-commerce to closely knit social circles— while safeguarding consumers’ interests.

Michael Fischer, a doctoral student in comput-er science working on a social sharing app known as Mr. Privacy, sees things in terms of consumer options. “The real promise of MobiSocial is inno-vation. Closed networks limit creativity and, ultimately, the user’s choices,” he says.

PartywareImagine attending a party where anyone can share music to a mutual jukebox and vote on

Content Still King


U P S T A R T S

the playlist—call it the fi rst crowd-sourced DJ. Other apps might allow the sharing of videos on a big-screen TV. The MobiSocial app Junc-tion, for instance, makes it easy to create apps to swap links and photos, to collaboratively create notes and drawings, and to play games with anyone we meet, all without wires and at the click of a button. The technology is built on near-fi eld communication (NFC), but the folks at MobiSocial have dubbed it something much more fun: partyware.

There is also the aforementioned Mr. Pri-vacy. People love to share articles, music, video and photos with their friends. But that free-dom comes with a certain price: The service provider often owns the content posted to its servers. It may be searched, analyzed and used by advertisers. Mr. Privacy lets friends share content, but using a more private technology based on email.

“Mr. Privacy’s use of email is key,” says Lam. “It is the most widely adopted social communi-cation technology and it’s an open standard – meaning you can share information, links and conversations with friends outside of proprie-tary networks.”

MobiSocial also has produced a Facebook app called SocialFlow that allows users to orga-nize and manage their many social subgroups.

Straw into gold“No one has just one monolithic social network,” says Diana MacLean, a doctoral student work-ing on SocialFlow. “We have work colleagues, family, college friends, high school friends and so forth. Sometimes you want everyone to see something, sometimes you don’t. SocialFlow helps narrow and define those subgroups,” MacLean says.

Asked what applications might we expect next from MobiSocial, Lam pauses to think and responds: “Engineering is like spinning straw into gold: You never know what the future will hold, but it’s the funnest thing to do!”

Engineered Molecule Detects DiseaseImagine if finding cancer were as easy as looking for green glowing cells. Better yet, imagine convincing those cancer cells to commit suicide, leaving the healthy cells unscathed.

In a paper published in Science, Assistant Professor of Bioengineering Christina Smolke describes just such biological “devices” that can sense disease and regulate cell behavior by adjusting their own functions according to the cell’s internal signals.

“We encode a level of intelligence that allows our device to assess whether the cell is diseased. If yes, then it can specifically activate therapeutic effects within that cell.”

Super Skin Goes SolarStanford chemical engineer Zhenan Bao has developed an ultrasensitive electronic skin that can detect chemicals and DNA, or the weight of a butterfl y touching down.

Bao calls it “super skin.” It’s solar-powered, chemi-

“Engineering is like spinning straw into gold: You never know what the future holds.”


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cally and biologically aware, touch-sensitive and now stretchable up to 30 percent beyond its original length. It could lead to novel applications in clothing, robotics, prosthetics and more. “We can basically incorporate any function we desire,” says Bao.

A Fast, E� cient Nano-laserIn the push toward ever-smaller and ever-faster data transmission technology, a team of Stanford electrical engineers led by Associate Professor Jelena Vuckovic has produced a nanoscale laser that is much faster and vastly

more efficient than anything available today.

T h e i n n ova t i o n could lead to devices that may one day trans-form data communica-tions. The device is 10 t imes faster than today’s technology, hundreds of times more efficient, and so thin that 1,000 could be stacked in the thick-

ness of a playing card. “Best of all,” says Vuckovic, “we can improve upon those numbers.” s

Top left: Christina Smolke is

a pioneer in synthetic biolo-

gy. Bottom left: Chemical

engineer Zhenan Bao and

her solar skin. Top center:

Electrical engineer Jelena

Vuckovic. Inset in phone:

Monica Lam and the

MobiSocial Lab team.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

G R O W T H O F F A C E B O O KU s e r s i n m i l l i o n s

572,000

40%

982 million

1

The number of new twitter accounts opened on a single day: March 12, 2011 (Twitter)

The share of mobile-phone-owning U.S. adults with a smartphone (Neilsen)

Expected smartphone sales in 2015 (IDC)

The number of mobile devices per capita worldwide in 2015 (Cisco)


S T A R T U P S

Have you ever seen a demonstra-

tion of augmented reality? A per-

son holds up a smartphone to

view a street scene through the

phone’s camera. Using location-

finding, the accelerometer and

sophisticated algorithms, the

smartphone matches the shapes

and locations of buildings and

other landmarks to calculate the

user’s exact physical location and

uses that knowledge to serve up

helpful data about the scene.

SittingTop

By marrying microsatellite technology, high-resolution imagery and Internet-

scale computing, Skybox Imaging hopes to change how the world does business.

I L L U S T R A T I O N B Y J O H N H E R S E Y

Worldon

of the


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The phone might overlay the name and phone num-ber of the restaurant up on the right. An arrow denotes the closest public restroom. A video history of that old movie house plays in a window.

Now imagine you are an executive in Silicon Valley. You look upon a similar image, only your camera is not a phone, but a network of sophisticat-ed, lightweight microsatellites hovering high above. And the information displayed is not where to pick up a quick bite or see a movie, but an array of insightful, real-time business-critical data points.You see where your parts shipments are in transit. You can track when that container ship will arrive with your newest product. You can see where idled trailer trucks and rail cars are that will transport those products to market all across the nation. It is all before you in real-time. It is an unprecedented vantage on the world.

Welcome to Skybox Imaging, a startup that started up at Stanford Engineering.

Changing landscapes“Skybox could one day enable every consumer, every business or every government agency across the world to enjoy an unprecedented transparency into daily activity to better inform their lives and opera-tions,” says Dan Berkenstock, co-founder and execu-tive vice president of Skybox.

The idea behind Skybox dates to when Berken-stock was a graduate student in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at Stanford. He had an idea of marrying microsatellite technology, high-resolution imagery and Internet-scale computing to change how the world does business. He and co-founders Julian Mann, John Fenwick and Ching-Yu Hu envisioned a transformative shift on the scale of GPS, perhaps even the Internet itself.

One day, an environmental specialist approached him with the idea of using satellite imagery to monitor groves of trees and agricultural projects, but

there was one hitch: There were not enough satellites in orbit to provide daily, weekly or even monthly monitoring of vast tracts of Earth at resolution high enough for such a project. The schedule of existing satellites was simply not regular enough for the sort of product Berkenstock and his colleagues had in mind.

“GPS would have never taken off if you could only get a signal once every several days. Timeli-ness really was the key to unlocking a new infor-mation economy around satellite imagery,” Berkenstock says.

Changing equationsThe only viable solution, Berkenstock knew, was to use a substantial number of satellites, a prohibitive-ly expensive option. So if he could not change the number of satellites available, he did the next best thing: He changed the cost equation. Skybox will soon launch its fi rst microsatellite, a lightweight and much less expensive alternative to the behemoths of the past. Another will follow a year after that.

“We’ll have many more before we’re done,” says Berkenstock.

Skybox uses commercial o� -the-shelf electronics, applies proprietary know-how and marries it all to Internet-scale data integration and satellite imagery. It’s like a box seat on the world.

A nod to StanfordSkybox has closed several rounds of venture funding, including an $18 million infusion in the summer of 2011. It is a success story bred from the vision of Stanford engineers Dan Berkenstock and Julian Mann and the hard work of many who are making that vision a reality. At its core, however, Skybox is Stanford through and through.

No less than 17 of the company’s top employees are graduates of Stanford, including the vice president of engineering, vice president of satellite

Pull Quote 1 Left

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eaturibusam

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aborita placcat

iissin remodis

Top: Skybox is the brain-

child of Dan Berkenstock,

conceived while a graduate

student at Stanford. Top

right: An image of San

Francisco showing what

Skybox data might look like.

Berkenstock:“Those classes taught me that a Stanford engineer with drive and a vision can get funded and have the opportunity to build a business. The university is the single best combination of lifestyle and learning in the country.”


systems, chief engineer, vice president of products and marketing, director of product management and vice president of product development.

From his days at Stanford, Berkenstock recalls engineering professors Stephen Boyd and Juan Alonso as key to charting his professional career. Likewise, there were classes in management science and engineering and Mark Leslie’s courses at the Graduate School of Business that taught him about

new ventures. Leslie, in fact, serves on the Skybox board of directors.

“Those classes taught me that a Stanford engi-neer with drive and a vision can get funded and have the opportunity to build a business,” Berken-stock says. “The university is the single best com-bination of lifestyle and learning in the country. The ecosystem here, the advisors, the access to capital and talent are unparalleled.”

On the day Instagram was fi rst available, in October 2010, 25,000 people downloaded the app. In the year since, the number has surpassed 11 million and the app is consistently listed among the top-10 free apps on Apple’s iTunes.

Using Instagram, smartphone owners snap pictures with their iPhones and then select among 15 filters that stylize the photos. Suddenly, boring, run-of-the-mill phone pictures look vastly di� erent—better than they should.

Instagram still has fewer than ten employees, but CEO Kevin Systrom and co-founder Mike Krieger are dreaming big. The two met at Stanford Engineering. After graduation, they chose professional tracks famil-iar to their classmates. Systrom opted for Google and Krieger for Meebo. A few years later, they developed a check-in app, but were intrigued that their beta testers seemed to enjoy swapping photos more than checking in. That idea and $7 million in funding and Instagram was on its way. s

I N S T A G R A M I N S T A - H I T

As of November 2011, the application has been downloaded over 11 million times.

As of Nthe appbeen dover 11

S T A R T U P S

10,900companies created by Stanford Engineering alumni over the decades


F A C U L T Y

Zhenan Bao (ChemE)• Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering

Fellow, American Chemical Society (ACS)

Arthur Bryson (AA, Emeritus) • Tycho Brahe Award, Institute of Navigation (ION)

John Cio� (EE, Emeritus) • Computing and Telecommunications

Innovation Award, The Economist

Gregory Deierlein (CEE) • Breakthrough Award, Popular Mechanics

Karl Deisseroth (BioE) • Member, Institute of Medicine • Ludwig von Sallman Clinician-Scientist Award,

AVRO Foundation for Eye Research

Scott Delp (BioE, ME) • Borelli Award, American Society of

Biomechanics (ASB)

Alexander Dunn (ChemE) • New Innovator Award, National Institutes of

Health (NIH)

Robert Dutton (EE) • Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) Aris-

totle Award

Kathleen Eisenhardt (MS&E) • Honorary Doctorate, Aalto University, Finland

Shanhui Fan (EE) • Fellow, IEEE

Charbel Farhat (AA, ME) • Fellow, Society for Industrial and Applied

Mathematics (SIAM) • Lifetime Achievement Award, Computers and

Information in Engineering Division, ASME • Chevalier dans l’Ordre des Palmes

Academiques (Knight of the National Order of Merit), France

Abbas El Gamal (EE) • Claude E. Shannon Award, IEEE

James Gibbons (EE) • Founders Medal,

IEEE

Kenneth Goodson (ME) • Fellow, ASME

James Harris (EE) • Member, National

Academy of Engineering (NAE)

Sigfried Hecker (MS&E) • Leo Szilard Lectureship Award, American Physical

Society (APS)

Martin Hellman (EE, Emeritus) • National inventors Hall

of Fame

Mark Horowitz (EE, CS) • Faculty Researcher

Award, Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA)

Gianluca Iaccarino (ME) • Presidential Early Career

Award for Scientists and Engineers

Thomas Jaramillo (ChemE) • Annual Merit Award, Hydrogen and Fuel Cells

Program, U.S. Department of Energy

Thomas Kailath (EE, Emeritus) • Eta Kappa Nu Karapeto� Award, IEEE • Honorary Doctorate, Israel Institute

of Technology

Scott Klemmer (CS) • Katayanagi Emerging

Leadership Prize

F A C U L T Y H O N O R S A

»

»

»

»

»


Donald Knuth (CS, Emeritus) • BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge

Award in Information and Communication Technologies

• Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) Faraday Medal

Daphne Koller (CS) • Member, National Academy

of Engineering (NAE)• “Top 10 Most Important

People in 2010,” Newsweek• “100 Game Changers for 2010,”

The Hu� ngton Post

Kincho Law (CEE) • Computing in Civil Engineering Award, American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)

Thomas Lee (EE) • Ho-Am Prize in Engineering

Larry Leifer (ME) • Honorary Fellow, Design Society

Fei-Fei Li (CS) • Sloan Research Fellow

Parviz Moin (ME) • Member, National

Academy of Sciences (NAS)

Nick McKeown (EE, CS) • Member, National

Academy of Engineering (NAE)

Arogyaswami Paulraj (EE, Emeritus)• Alexander Graham Bell Medal, IEEE

Balaji Prabhakar (EE, CS) • Fellow, IEEE

Stephen Quake (BioE) • Raymond & Beverly

Sackler International Prize in Biophysics

• Promega Biotechnology Research Award, American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

Bernard Roth (ME) • Robotics and Automation

Award, IEEE

J. Kenneth Salisbury, Jr. (CS) • Inaba Technical Award for Innovation

Leading to Production, IEEE

Juan Santiago (ME) • Fellow, American Physical Society

Eric Shaqfeh (ChemE) • Bingham Medal, Society of Rheology

Sebastian Thrun (CS, EE) • Intelligent Transportation Systems

Society, Outstanding Researcher Award, IEEE

• Feigenbaum Prize, Association for the Advancement of Artifi cial Intelligence

Jelena Vuckovic (EE) • Humboldt Research Award

Terry Winograd (CS) • Lifetime Research Award,

Special Interest Group on Computer Human Interaction (SIGCHI), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)

S A N D A W A R D S

»

»

»

»

»


Robert Gray EE (2011)

Umran Inan EE (2011)

Jean-Claude Latombe CS (2011)

Martin Reinhard CEE (2011)

Robert Carlson (1939 - 2011)• (MS&E, Emeritus)

Donald Dunn (1925 - 2011)• (MS&E, Emeritus)

Robert Helliwell (1920 - 2011)• (EE, Emeritus)

Stig Hagstrom (1932 - 2011)• (MSE, Emeritus)

James Jucker (1936 - 2011)• (MS&E, Emeritus)

Academie des Sciences (Paris) 1

Academie Sinica (Republic of China) 1

Norwegian Academy of Sciences 1

Charles Stark Draper Prize (NAE) 1

Marconi Prize 1

Medal with Purple Ribbon (Japan) 1

Turing Award (ACM) 3

Academy Award (Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences) 3*Includes emeritus

John Linvill (1919 - 2011)• (EE, Emeritus)

Rudolph Sher (1923 - 2011) • (ME, Emeritus)

Anthony Siegman (1931 - 2011) • (EE, Emeritus)

Channing Robertson ChemE (2011)

Kenneth Waldron ME (2011)

Bruce Wooley EE (2011)

F A C U L T Y

N E W L Y A P P O I N T E D E M E R I T U S F A C U L T Y

I N M E M O R I A M

F A C U L T Y D I S T I N C T I O N S

American Academy of Arts & Sciences 33

National Academy of Engineering 82

National Academy of Sciences 18

National Institute of Medicine 6

National Medal of Science 8

National Medal of Technology 4

Nobel Prize 1

Kyoto Prize 2

NSF Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program Awardees 42

NSF Presidential Early Career Awards for Scientists & Engineers (PECASE) 15

Royal Society of London 3

»

»

»

»

»

PHOTOS: COURTESY STANFORD ENGINEERING, ROD SEARCEY, VINCE TARRY, LINDA CICERO / STANFORD NEWS SERVICE, COURTESY STANFORD ENGINEERING, JOEL SIMON (2), JEFF SHAW, ROD SEARCEY, COURTESY STANFORD ENGINEERING (3), MCCARTHY: CHUCK PAINTER / STANFORD NEWS SERVICE, COURTESY STANFORD ENGINEERING. ILLUSTRATION BORDERS BY JOHN HERSEY.

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S L U G

“… every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it.”

John McCarthy (1927 - 2011)(CS, Emeritus)

F A C T S & F I N A N C I A L S


Stanford Engineering is organized around nine departments:

• Aeronautics and Astronautics

• Bioengineering

• Chemical Engineering

• Civil and Environmental Engineering

• Computer Science

• Electrical Engineering

• Management Science and Engineering

• Materials Science and Engineering

• Mechanical Engineering

In addition to departmental programs and the Individually-Designed Major, several engineering-related interdisci-plinary programs are available:

• Architectural Design Program

• Institute for Computational & Mathematical Engineering (ICME)

• Stanford Design Program

• Engineering Physics

• Energy Resources Engineering

• Science, Technology and Society

The school confers the degrees of Bachelor of Science (BS), Master of Science (MS), Engineer and PhD, and operates over 80 laboratories, centers and affiliate programs.

Stanford Engineering houses several institutions that embody the trend toward teaching and research that cut across academic boundaries:

• The Hasso Plattner Institute of Design encourages the practice of “design thinking” to drive innovation.

• The Woods Institute for the Environment promotes an environmentally sound and sustainable world.

• The Precourt Energy Efficiency Center and the Global Climate and Energy Project support research and teaching focused on achieving a sustainable and secure energy future.

• The Stanford Technology Ventures Program teach-es entrepreneurship skills, conducts research and o� ers global technology outreach.

The Stanford School of Engineering is the intellectual home of more than 240 faculty members and 4,000 students

TIM

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H

Top: Students study in the

natural light provided by an

atrium in the Jen-Hsun

Huang Engineering Center.

ABOUT THE SCHOOL OF ENGINEERINGFounded in 1925, the Stanford School of Engineering is the intellectual home of more than 240 faculty members and 4,000 students. More than a quarter of all Stanford students are enrolled in the School of Engineering.

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In the fi scal year that began September 1, 2010 and closed August 31, 2011, the School of Engineering began to rebound from the economic downturn of previous years. Overall revenues and expenditures were higher, and gifts to the school and the market value of the school’s endowed funds showed signifi cant increases.

Revenues earned by the School of Engineering for indirect cost

TOP FEDERAL SOURCES OF RESEARCH FUNDING

Total expenditures by agency in millions (rounded)

GIFTS AND AFFILIATES FEES TO ENGINEERING (FY11)

recovery and tuition exceed the amount allocated to the school by the university, which is included under “University Funds.” In 2010-2011, the total research volume of the school, both direct and indirect, was $142,268,752. There also was an additional $32,669,446 in direct and indirect costs attributed to School of Engineering faculty research projects managed outside the School of Engineering.

Faculty Salaries$55,887,321

Grants & Contracts$122,049,440

Student Aid$95,209,707

University Funds$62,343,676

Research &Technical Salaries$16,475,917

Gifts$21,049,900

Sta� Salaries$35,365,586

EndowmentIncome$47,527,435

Equipment & Supplies$77,996,673

Other$27,964,752

CONSOLIDATED EXPENSES BY CATEGORY: CONSOLIDATED SOURCES OF FUNDING:

TOTAL$280,935,204

TOTAL$280,935,204

Defense

National Institutes of Health

National Science Foundation

Other Federal

Energy

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

TOTAL FEDERAL

TOTAL NON-FEDERAL

Gifts

Living Individuals

Corporations

Foundations & Associations

Bequests

A� liates Revenues

TOTAL

$46.4

$32.2

$23.8

$17.0

$14.5

$4.5

$138.5

$32.0

$58,524,000

$27,430,000

$13,164,000

$17,900,000

$30,000

$17,521,000

$76,045,000


F A C T S & F I N A N C I A L S

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

I N F O R M A T I O N G R A P H I C S B Y J E F F B E R L I N

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S L U GF A C T S & F I N A N C I A L S

TOP TEN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

ALUMNI BY DEPARTMENT (AS OF FALL 2011)

Bioengineering129

Electrical Engineering13,584

California24,795

Rest of World6,157

Women8,422

Management Science & Engineering8,857

General Engineering3,788

Rest of U.S. (includes U.S.

Territories)16,729

Computer Science6,012

Mechanical Engineering8,251

Aeronautics & Astronautics2,682

Unknown (no mailing address)5,615

Men44,874

Chemical Engineering1,898

Civil & Environmental Engineering7,265

ALUMNI BY GEOGRAPHY (AS OF FALL 2011) ALUMNI BY GENDER

TOTAL53,296

Japan

France

Singapore

Taiwan

Canada

Hong Kong

Mexico

India

Republic of Korea

United Kingdom

657

608

505

416

377

353

314

296

288

238

TOTAL54,145*

*Note: There are some alumni with degrees from multiple engineering departments, so the sum of all alumni by department is higher than the total number of Stanford Engineering alumni.

Materials Science & Engineering1,679

TOTAL53,296


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NONPROFITU.S. POSTAGE PAID

SENATOBIA MSPERMIT NO. 75

Stanford UniversitySchool of Engineering475 Via OrtegaStanford, CA 94305-4121

stanford school of engineering annual report

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