Spatial Energy Simulation for Berlin Tegel> RES TXL

Imprint / Partners www.berlintxl.de/studien/

Tegel Projekt GmbHLietzenburger Str. 10710707 Berlinwww.berlintxl.de

EDF DEEDF Deutschland GmbHFriedrichstraße 10010117 Berlinwww.edf.com

EIFEREuropean Institute for Energy ResearchEmmy-Noether-Strasse 1176131 Karlsruhewww.eifer.org

TU BerlinInstitut für Stadt- und RegionalplanungChair of Urban Renewal and Sustainable Development (Sekretariat B7)Hardenbergstraße 40a10623 Berlinwww.bestandsentwicklung.tu-berlin.de

Drees & SommerDrees & Sommer Advanced BuildingTechnologies GmbHObere Waldplätze 1170569 Stuttgarthttp://www.dreso.com/

Contact: Florian Ehlert ehlert@berlintxl.de 030 577 047035

Contact: Bernard Gsell bernard.gsell@edf.com 030 2060 69615

Contact: Jean-Marie Bahu bahu@eifer.org 0721 6105 1447

Contact: Prof. Elke Pahl-Weber pahl-weber@isr.tu-berlin.de 030 314 28132

Contact: Sven Reiser sven.reiser@Dreso.com 0711 6870 703354 67

Layout and Editing: Christoph Hoja, Marcus Jeutner, TU Urban_Lab I Visualisation Cover: © Andreas Schiebel

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Spatial Energy Simulation for Tegel Site – RES TXLCollaborative research project between Tegel Projekt GmbH and EDF Deutschland, EIFER, TU Berlin and Drees & Sommer

Energy and urban planning in the era of intelligent and resource-efficient cities are

closely interrelated and must be strategically addressed in tan-dem at the start of any develop-ment process. Consequently, the early crosslinking of energy engineering design and urban planning for Berlin TXL - The Urban Tech Republic – the plan-ned technology site at Berlin Te-gel – is the starting point for the collaborative research project Spatial Energy Simulation for Tegel Site – RES TXL. Aligned with both development priorities, the project approach provides the efficient integration of innovative urban technologies, which form the basis of the overall develop-ment concept for the Urban Tech Republic.

The research project covers two main aspects:• The development of an integra-

ted spatial energy system mo-del for evaluating interactions between various technologies, uses and spatial arrangements (EIFER);

• The methodology of Urban Design Thinking, which, as part of the TU Urban_Lab, ensures the early involvement of stake-holders from industry, acade-mia and municipal bodies in the updating and refinement of the energy system model, including the preparation of planning decisions (TU Berlin).

Through the early involvement of the relevant stakeholders in the project - among others Drees & Sommer as developer of the infrastructure concept and EDF as energy supplier - energy and spatial parameters could be re-fined through dialogue and incor-

porated as a framework for the energy model. The visualisation of the simulation results is in turn itself a mean to communicate adjustments in the development strategy and as such, serves as a basis for fashioning an integra-ted energy system model for the actual Urban Tech Republic de-velopment site.

The continuous monitoring of planning process via the spatial energy model enables:• The visualisation of interactions

between energy and urban de-velopment settings;

• The simulation and visualisati-on of energy flows for different construction sites depending on a variety of assumed uses;

• The scalable adjustment of de-mand and local generation of electricity, heating and cooling;

• The observation and evaluation of different standards – ranging from the district level to specific buildings.

Moreover, it facilitates an early assessment of the impact of plan-ning decisions made by planners and participating stakeholders.

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In future, the Urban Tech Repu-blic in Berlin Tegel should use efficient and innovative infra-structure systems in the areas of electricity, heating and cooling, among others. The implementa-tion of these new infrastructures requires the foresight to anticipa-te future needs in order to evalu-ate effectiveness and efficiency, thereby avoiding costly failures.

TU Urban_Lab and Urban Design ThinkingParticipatory, procedural approach for the co-production of urban solutions

Urban co-production through collaboration of actors from municipality, business and science; Graphic: TU Urban_Lab 2015

Urban development proces-ses are accompanied by an increasingly diversified ar-

ray of stakeholders and demands on urban structures that are ever more complex as well as interde-pendencies in almost all areas of planning. This is especially true for overlapping technical infra-structures, which were previously operated independently from one another, and their interactions with the uses of public and priva-te urban spaces. In particular, the development of urban systems under the influence of information and communication technologies and the resulting ever more com-pact collection, analysis and net-working of real-time data presents the stakeholders with new chal-lenges. The implementation of in-novative urban technologies must therefore employ new methods to involve all concerned stakehol-ders and user groups with regard to urban co-production.

To this end, the Urban Design Thinking approach currently un-der development at the TU Ur-ban_Lab relies on Design Thin-king, a method tried and tested in product development, and takes it further to develop a cooperative approach for urban and district development. The interplay bet-ween infrastructure systems and urban spaces can be mapped early on and throughout the enti-re process in order to iteratively adapt the development concepts based on the respective results.

A wide range of stakeholders from planning, energy, real estate and various associations have been

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Urban_Labs as participation format in the process of Urban Design Thinking; Graphic: TU Urban_Lab

involved in a series of workshops with the aim to advance deve-lopment of the energy system model for the Tegel site. The TU Urban_Lab of TU Berlin serves as a platform for furthering the development of simulation tools from EIFER and Drees & Som-mer through dialogue between all involved stakeholders. The par-ticipation and interaction of the stakeholders followed the Urban Design Thinking method, which incorporates three key points:• User-centred: The evolution of

urban development and trans-formation processes is con-ducted from the outset with the constant involvement of future users (e.g. Tegel Projekt GmbH).

• Stakeholder engagement: The involvement of the largest pos-sible number of stakeholders in the project development al-lows not only different views, interests and approaches to be taken into account, but also en-sures a stronger focus on the implementation of transforma-tion and infrastructure projects.

• Prototyping: The consistent development of digital and physical prototypes allows developed concepts to be as-sessed based on effectiveness and efficiency.

The Urban Design Thinking pro-cess is not linear, but runs rather in iterative loops of acceptance, implementation, testing and ad-aptation.

Only through the use of the dialo-gic format were planners able to collect initial assumptions in the pilot project phase in order to test and adjust them with the aid of the tool under development. With feedback from the relevant stake-holders, it was possible to collect reliable data for the successful development and updating of the model. It also soon became clear that energy planning is not only dependent on purely technical components. Consequently, the structural and energy potential, as well as challenges, should be reviewed against the backdrop of industry 4.0 developments. In ad-dition, the interactions between urban and typological measures (building size, orientation, dis-tribution of uses, etc.) and their

influence on energy efficiency, load curves and issues of en-ergy supply and consumption have emerged as key factors. The achievement of set objecti-ves in the field of energy-efficient measures also strongly depends on the opportunities presented by legal regulations and require-ments (planning legislation, ur-ban development contracts, etc.).

A continuation of the project would seek to further refine the model at the typological solution, among other objectives. A major of the update of the model could be achieved if actual end-users worked with the appropriately validated and qualified load cur-ves (e.g. from ‘prosumers’). This would also allow additional rela-tionships, such as the mobility behaviour of the users as well as personalised demands for sustai-nable production and services, to be analysed with the correspon-ding architectural requirements.

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User interface simulation: Calculation of heat demand in selected construction zones; Graphic: EIFER, 2015

Geo-simulation TXLFurther development of spatial energy planning for the Tegel site based on a spatial energy system model

In the course of the liberalisation and decentralisation of urban energy systems, new approa-

ches and tools are required that can map out and visualise these highly interconnected systems. By examining the energy system from a ‘bottom-up’ perspective, through which the individual as well as the systemic effects of separate objects can be repre-sented, it is possible to analyse the overlapping interactions in the networking and energy sour-ces of subsystems. EIFER has developed simulation approa-ches and methods in this field that are used to address various issues in the areas of smart grids and hybrid systems.

The consumptions and the sup-ply infrastructure can then be spatially modelled through rele-vant agent-based systems. The model cannot and should not be used to replace any technical-ly detailed network planning or analyses. The decision support

tool rather intends to present a simplified approach, based on a systemic approach and a high le-vel of abstraction, for facilitating decisions in energy planning. Scenarios can be customized and then be simulated by the user.

As part of the project, EIFER de-veloped an integrated spatial en-ergy system model on which the interactions of the different tech-

nologies and planning decisions for the Tegel site could be visua-lised and evaluated (see figure below). Building on the require-ments established during plan-ning, specific load profiles were developed by Drees & Sommer that could visualise future uses. By using a graphical interface, planners can vary the installed power capacity of renewable energy sources (photovoltaic and wind) as well as the energy efficiency of various consumers. The model was developed as a running prototype in the pilot pha-se of the project. The simulation model was supported by a series of TU Urban_Lab workshops that served to integrate the user

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Networking of various energy consumers; Graphic: EIFER 2015

perspective as well as furthered the development of specificati-ons for the spatial energy mo-del. The underlying assumptions of the model are based on an infrastructure study conducted by Drees & Sommer and other investigations. This ensured the approach is consistent with the already completed steps of the local energy planning for the site.

The aim of the project is to cons-truct a spatial simulation of ther-mal and electrical load curves, which allows the user to select different planning scenarios. The simulation illustrates the sys-tem-wide effects of customised planning measures in response

to mix-use and infrastructure planning parameters. It also displays site zoning with regard to all stages of construction. In the pilot phase, various scena-rios were defined according to percentage increases or decrea-ses in the proportion of renewab-le energy sources and the energy efficiency of electricity, heating and cooling consumers.

The prototype serves a dual pur-pose. The first is to communicate the innovative energy concept in use at the Tegel site. The second is the creation of an entirely holi-stic approach through a summary of the already completed studies in the field of energy supply and

hour-by-hour resolutions, which, in turn, raises new issues con-cerning the networking core of the individual systems. Based on the ongoing development, these issues are discussed with workshop participants in order to create specifications for further development.

Future issues that can be re-solved using the model appro-ach presented here include, for example, operator models for hybrid systems as well as the integration of other technologies. In particular, geothermal energy and the intelligent use of storage technologies as discussed in the workshops. Based on the system components, a variety of appli-cations in an urban setting are possible, as shown in the graphic on the left. Thanks to a modular approach, the model can also be applied to other case studies.

Berlin, November 2015