solutions2008
TRANSCRIPT
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II
III
I February 8, 2008
SolutionsSolutions
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ObjectivesObjectives
1. Define solution, solubility, insoluble, solute and solvent
2. Name the universal solvent
3. Distinguish between an aqueous solution and a tincture
4. Identify the factors that affect rate of solubility
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SolutionSolution
A mixture that appears to be a single substance but is made up of 2 or more substances that are evenly distributed throughout the mixture
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Homogeneous
Best mixed of the mixtures
Particles are dissolved
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Solutions are made up ofSolutions are made up of
Solutes – the substance that is dissolved
Solvents – the substance that does the dissolving. It is always present in greater amount.
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Can be more than 2 substances
Can be more than 2 substances
Soda – carbon dioxide gas, sugar, flavorings, food coloring are dissolved in water.
Usually solutions are substances dissolved in a liquid but solutions may also be gasses and solids.
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How Does a Solution Form?
How Does a Solution Form?
1. Solvent molecules attracted to surface ions.2. Each ion is surrounded by solvent molecules.
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Solubility – the physical property of being able to dissolve
Insoluble – a substance that can not be dissolved
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Water is the universal solvent. Most things will dissolve in water. It is called an aqueous solution.
Sometimes the solvent is alcohol. In this case it is called a tincture.
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Solution rates varySolution rates vary
TemperatureSurface areaMovementPressure
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TemperatureTemperature
The solubility of solid solutes in liquid solvents increases with increasing temperature.
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TemperatureTemperature
The opposite is true of gases. Higher temperature drives gases out of solution.
Carbonated soft drinks are more “bubbly” if stored in the refrigerator.
Warm lakes have less O2 dissolved in them than cool lakes.
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Surface areaSurface area
The larger the surface area of a solid, the faster the rate of dissolving. The surface area of an object increases when it is broken down into smaller pieces.
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MovementMovement
When a substance dissolves, it fills the available spaces between the closest water molecules. Stirring increases the rate the empty spaces can be filled.
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PressurePressure
The solubility of liquids and solids does not change with pressure.
Increased pressure increases the solubility of gases.