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Department of Urban & Regional planningJNTU School of Planning & Architecture

Mahavirmarg, Hyderabad 500 028

SOLIDWASTEMANAGEMENTCASE STUDY ON KAPRA MUNCIPALITY

SUBMITTED TO:Prof. Ravi AnandPlanning workshop-II

SUBMITTED BY:C.Preethi Singh 050210

K.Vaidehi 050220

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OVERVIEWSolid waste management issuesSolid waste management issues

Need for Solid waste managementNeed for Solid waste management

SWM in IndiaSWM in India

SWM case study I (AMC)SWM case study I (AMC)

SWM case study II (SMC)SWM case study II (SMC)

Present case study Kapra municipalityPresent case study Kapra municipality

RecommendationsRecommendations

ConclusionsConclusions

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTIN INDIA

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Indias Population = 1027 MillionUrban Population = 285 MillionUrban Areas (Cities / Towns) = 5161In India, the amount of waste generated per capita is estimated toincrease at a rate of 1% 1.33% annuallyIndustrialization and economic growth has produced more amountsof waste, including hazardous and toxic wastes

INDIA

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Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per annumWith urban population increasing between 3 3.5% per annumYearly increase in waste generation is around 5% annuallyIndia produces 42.0 million tons of municipal solid waste annually atpresent.Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm to 600 gm percapita / day. Average generation rate at 0.4 kg per capita per day in0.1 million plus towns.Collection efficiency ranges between 50% to 90% of the solid wastegenerated.Urban Local Bodies spend around Rs.500/- to Rs.1500/- per ton onsolid waste management of which:

60-70% of the amount is on collection alone20% - 30% on transportationHardly any fund is spent on treatment and disposal of wasteCrude dumping of waste in most of the cities

MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM

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Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste

Compostable / Bio-degradable = 30% - 55%matter (can be converted into manure)

Inert material = 40% - 45% (to go to landfill)

Recyclable materials = 5% - 10% (Recycling)

These percentages vary from city to city depending on foodhabits

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PRESENT STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE IS LACKING

Domestic and trade waste thrown on streetsConstruction debris left unattended bio-medical waste disposed inmunicipal waste streamIndustrial waste disposed of in open areasSegregation of recyclablewaste at source not donePrimary collection of waste not done at place of generationDesign & location of municipal waste storage depots inappropriate,resulting in littering of garbage .Waste transportation done in open vehiclesFinal disposal done through crude dumpingRag pickers collect recyclables from municipal bins / dumpsites andlitter the waste causing insanitary conditions.

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REASONS FOR IMPROPER MANAGEMENT OF WASTE

Lack of planning for waste management while planning townshipsLack of proper institutional set up for waste management, planningand designing in urban local bodiesLack of technically trained manpowerLack of community involvementLack of expertise and exposure to city waste management usingmodern techniques / best practicesLack of awareness creation mechanismLack of Management Information SystemsLack of funds with ULBsIndifferent attitude of ULBs to levy user charges and sustainability

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MAIN ISSUES

Absence of segregation of waste at sourceLack of technical expertise and appropriate institutionalarrangementUnwillingness of ULBs to introduce proper collection,segregation, transportation and treatment / disposal systems.Indifferent attitude of citizens towards waste management due tolack of awarenessLack of community participation towards waste managementand hygienic conditionsLack of funds with ULBs

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Success story ofSolid Waste Management

inAhmedabad municipality

( Case study at National Level)

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AHMEDABAD MUNCIPALITY First in India to Introduce concept of handle waste once only. Community based primary collection system to cover all

households, shops and establishments to ensure zero garbageon the road.

All slums to be covered under the new system. Bio-organic fertilizer (soil enriched) to be produced from

waste as a mode of final disposal of waste. All hospitals, nursing homes waste to be incinerated/

disinfected before disposal. Project cost: Rs.100 Millions. Project period: 2 years.

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A

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WASTE GENERATION 1200 tons waste is generated per day The garbage is removed on the same day The garbage is disposed off at the landfill site at Pirana Hospital waste is being incinerated AMC has employed more than 6500 sweepers to cover an area of

190.84 sq. kms. The AMC has recently increased its temporary waste storage pits

from 462 to 708 Open waste storage sites are being phased out and replaced by

large garbage containers (4.5 to 10 M size)

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Community Based Primary CollectionSystem

Segregation of recyclable waste at source. One community bin per 15-20 household for storage of

organic waste. Waste from such 80 to 100 bins to be cleared by a tricycle and

taken to the nearest collection point by a contractor. Tricycle are also used for collection of waste from Safai Kamdar

in their beats and taken to large bins. One tricycle covers 10 beats and 1200 tricycle are being

contracted. Special emphasis is put on covering the 41% of City

population living in slums

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CONTD..

This Pilot project is of Clean Ahmedabad Abhiyan taken up byPrathana Construction, SBI Staff Association & SEWA (N.G.O.).

Ahmedabad is one of the first cities in India having a fullmechanized system of transporting solid waste.

No manual loading of waste. 126 Vehicles and machinery's are deployed for transportation. Disposal of waste: Mostly the Municipal waste is disposed of at the

landfill / site at Pirana.

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Another success storyin SWM

Suryapet Municipality(Case study at state level)

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About Suryapet Municipality It is first grade Municipality in Nalgonda District of AP with a

population of 1.04 lakhs and spread over 35 Sq.Km. It consists of 34 wards. The drains in the town expand to 400 km by covering 44

slums. 6323 households are benefited to worth of Rs. 2.80 crores from

Integrated Low Cost Sanitation Program with 65% subsidyscheme.

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Particulars DetailsArea 35 Sq.KmPopulation 60630-93239Length of roads 331 kmLength of drains 400 kmNo. of tap connections 8050No of public stand posts 613No of street lighting 7523No. of ILCS 6323Tree plantation 24000Income 636.13 lakhsExpenditure 465.92 lakhs

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Issues in waste management Rate of waste generation Facilities of storage of different kinds of waste Segregation of recyclable wastes Collection system of different types of wastes Construction waste Street sweeping Waste storage points/ depots Work norms Transportation of waste Processing and disposal of waste

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Programmes include

Staff training programme Public awareness programme Awareness of community people Household awareness Academics participation Awareness camps of traders and market associations Leading from the front Capacity building of municipal staff Free medical camps to personnel Health insurance for the sanitation staff

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IMPLEMENTING THE INTERVENTIONRemoval of community dustbinsIntroduction of two plastic bins systemSpecial arrangement of litter bins at important locations of thetownGarbage collection suing tricyclesNight sweepingBrainstorming sessionsInvolvement of women groups like DWCUA etc

SOURCES OF FUNDSThe project was implemented with the municipal funds, as perthe allocation made in the budget.CPCB has sanctioned a project cost of 298.00 lakhs with 50%grant and 50% municipal share.

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SOLID WASTE PROCESSING UNITSThe recycle unit is established at the distance of 5 km fromthe heart of the town by constructing a shed in an extent of 11acres of land.The dry garbage is segregated into plastic, glass and metaland sold out to scrap dealers.The organic waste is pulverized and used for vermincomposting.This segregation covered to waste minimization, therebysaving a tremendous chunk of valuable urban land i.e.,otherwise used for land filling.

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SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTIN KAPRA MUNICIPALITY

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KAPRA SWM DETAILS

Radial area of Kapra municipality is about 47kms with apopulation of 1,65,000consisting of 37 wardsEvery year there is an increase of 20% per year in population, sotherefore in 2007 population it is 4lakhs approximately.The average household waste collected is about 250 grams perday.There is also provision of weekly markets in this municipalityThere are 2 vegetable markets: kushaiguda & nacharamrespectively in which 4 metric tones of waste is generated perday.House to house collection is been done by 20 rickshaws wereeach rickshaw hold waste of 200 families

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Rag pickers bring almost 30% of segregated wasteWaste generated from hotels is approximately 2 metric tones.Daily lifting of wastes is been dump in jawaharnagar dumpingyard.The Jawaharnagar sanitary landfill is in an extent of 30 50acres, located within 7.5 km of the existing Begumpet andHakimpet airports15 vehicles are working for this purpose and 10 tractors areused to collect the waste from other places within themunicipalityThere are 5 dump places in the municipality itselfIt costs Rs.30,000 for 10 tones of waste to dump in dumpyardper month and 5 labors are being employed for this purposeBleaching powder is used for reducing unwanted smell

CONTD

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RECOMMENDATIONS

Outsourcing of all activities under Solid Waste ManagementServices recommended by 12th Finance Commission for usinggrantsULBs to concentrate on segregation of waste at sourceWaste processing like composting, bio-methanation should bedone through public-private partnerships / private sectorFinal disposal viz. sanitary land filling to be done under publicprivate partnerships / private sectorBio-medical waste to be managed by Central Bio-Medical WasteManagement Facilities.

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RECOMMENDED APPROACHES TO WASTE PROCESSING& DISPOSAL

I Wealth from waste (processing of organic waste)(A) waste to compost

(I) aerobic / anaerobic composting(II) vermi-composting

(B) waste to energy(I) refuse derived fuel (rdf) / pelletization(II) bio-methanation

Ii Recycling of wasteIii Sanitary land fillingIv Treatment of bio-medical waste separately

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CONCLUSIONSWM is a vital, ongoing and large public service system, whichneeds to be efficiently provided to the community to maintainaesthetic and public health standards.Various programmes should be conducted for increasingpublic awareness.NGOs may come forward to promote the activity.

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