solar presentation 3-17-11

8/3/2019 Solar Presentation 3-17-11

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/solar-presentation-3-17-11 1/25

Within 6 hours, deserts receive more energy from

the sun than humankind consumes within a year!

-Dr. Gerhard Knies, Co-Founder of TREC,

The Trans-Mediterranean Renewable Energy Cooperation



Agenda

1) History of Solar

2) Solar progression in United States

3) Overview of the Solar Market

4) Difference between Utility, Commercial and

Residential Solar applications

5) Details of Solar installation / components

6) Overview of Photo-Voltaic cables



History of Solar

7Th Century BC magnifying glass was used to make fire

1767 Swiss scientist, Horace de Saussin develops the1st Solar Collector

1816 Robert Stirling invented the heat engine

1954 PV was born in the US when Daryl Chapin, CalvinFuller and Gerald Pearson developed the silicon PV cellat Bell Labs

1963 Sharp commercializes PV modules

1972 Institute of Energy Conversion (U of Delaware) isestablished for thin-film and solar thermal research

1977 NREL is launched by the DOE



History

1982 1st 1 MW project goes in-line in Hisperia, CA

1986 ARCO releases the first commercial thin-film module

1998 Flexible solar shingles is invented by Subhendu Guha

2000 First Solar builds the largest PV Factory in Ohio

2000 Sandia Labs develops PV specific Inverters

PV Demand

± 1.382 GW 2005 (110 MW USA)

± 6.035 GW 2009 (450 MW USA)

± 30% growth YoY

USA is poised to be the largest PV Market for the next 10 years



Why Renewable Energy Now?

Three factors coming together that did not

exist before:

Climate change including global warming

Depletion of natural resources

Energy security and independence



Why Solar ?



Growing Energy Demand

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

1980 2000 2006 2015 2030

Coal Oil Gas Nuclear Hydro Biomass and Waste Other Renewables

World Energy Demand (Mtoe)*

0

11

2

2

3

3

2004 2015 2030

GDP Growth is primary

driver of energy usage

Source: IEA World energy Outlook

* Million tons of oil equivalent

GDP growth is the primary driver of energy consumption

While fossil fuels will continue to dominate energy generation,alternative energy will grow much faster

World GDP Projected to Increase 136%



Coal prices have nearly tripled over the

past five years

Coal power plants face increasing project

uncertainty due to carbon and siting

concerns

8

Traditional generation sources f ace

hurdles even as demand grows

C oal and natural gas prices are increasing at much faster rates than 4.7% per

year, while nuclear faces regulatory, financing and siting issues.

$ /

s h o r t t o n

Source: Simmons & Co.

Source: Simmons & Co.

Natural gas prices have more than

doubled during the same time period

Nuclear industry groups estimate the next generation nuclear

plants will not be online until 2015

Non-nuclear generation additions of 386 GW are required prior

to 2015 to meet anticipated U.S. electricity demand



Solar Power

Market Dynamics The EPIA predicts 1,260 GW of installed

capacity from solar by 2030, nearly 150times the current capacity

Solar power requires 4x to 6x the amountof cable as wind power, per megawatt of

power

Geographically, highest degree of solarpower availability is located in SW UnitedStates and Northern Africa

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Wind Solar

Capacity Additions (GW)

EPIA and WWEA estimates

T here is every indication that the solar market will vastlyexceed the wind power market

Solar offers a great opportunity for future growth



Global Availability of Solar



11 11

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

Photovoltaics (PV)

Distributed Generation,

on-site or near point of use

Centralized Generation,

large users or utilities

What is Solar?

DOE¶ s Solar Programs will focus on achieving price-parity and scale for solar

electricity generation from both PV and C SP



Solar Power Explained

Photovoltaic Panels (PV)

PV panel turns sunlight directly

into electricity

Each panel generates between75-400W depending on physical

size and efficiency

Used in residential, commercial

and utility applications

Different PV technologies: c-Si,

a-Si, CadTel and CIGS



Solar Power Explained

Concentrating Solar Power (CSP)

& Concentrated PV

Uses reflective mirrors, or heliostats, to

direct sunlight (Parabolic troughs,Heliostat towers, Sterling engines, andCompact linear Fresnel lenses) thatheats liquid or molten solids to fuelsteam turbines

More effective than PV in hot desertareas with large open spaces

Some used for utility applications only



PV Technology Explosion

c-Si (Poly or Multi-Crystalline)

* Market Leader

Inverted metamorphicmulti-junction (IMM)

PowerString Technology

Monocrystalline Pluto

PERL Technology BIPV (Building

Integrated PV)

CIGS copper, indium,gallium and selenium onplastic, glass or metal

a-Si (Amorphous Siliconthin film)

Tandem-Junction thin film

Cadmium Telluride thin

film Hyper-pure polycrystalline

silicon

66 % of U.S. production is thin film Remaining average is 14%



Two Unique Solar Markets

Centralized Generation

± Utility Scale Solar

Large Scale Projects consuming

thousands of panels and many acres

of land

Distributed Generation

± Residential Solar

± Commercial Rooftop Solar

± Utility (solar panel on a utility pole)



Utility Solar Diagram



Solar Farm



Solar Farm Cable Design

DC Feeder: 4,000-5,000¶/MW AC Feeder: 750-1,000¶/MW



Solar Products: SunGen

General Cable has specifically designed its SunGen suite of cablingproducts to effectively and efficiently link solar PV panels to thegrid while being able to withstand the harsh operatingenvironments of solar power applications.

SunGen cables offer the following advantages: Resistant to UV/sunlight, ozone and H2O absorption

Stable electrical properties over a broad temperature range (-40r to 120rC)

Excellent flexibility even in sub-zero conditions

Mechanically rugged construction resists tearing and abrasions

Deformation-resistant at prolonged high temperatures

Halogen-free, fire-retardant, and low corrosive gas emission for safety

UL and TÜV* approved for solar PV panels

*Pending Approval



SunGen: Available Products

SunGen PV:

UL 4703 (Type PV)

Most sizes available

XLPE (single pass) and EPR/CPE (Dual-pass)Construction

600V and 2kV Best suited for Lead-wires connected tothe J-Box

SunGen IC:

USE-2 (Direct Burial), RHH/RHW-2


XLPE (single pass) Construction

600V and 2kV dual-rating

Best suited for Jumpers, Whips and Harnesses



SunGen: Available Products

CSA RW90 & RWU90: (Canadian Spec)

USE-2


XLPE (single pass) Construction

600V (RW) and 1kV (RWU) stocked Best suited for Jumpers, Whips and Harnesses

SunGen Global:

UL 4703 & TUV*

Available in 10, 12, 14; 16

Dual-pass construction 600V and 2kV

Best suited for Lead-wires attached to panels

* Pending Approval



Product Portfolio

Modules To Connection To Substation & To AC

& Panels Box Inverter Transmission Transformer

SunGen PV

UL 4703 Wire Y Y

exZhellent® Solar

ZZ-F(AS) TÜV Wire * *

SunGen Global

Dual Rated Wire * *

SunGen IC Wire Y Y Y

Duralox®Armored

Cable/ Uniblend/ Durasheath Y Y

Bare Overhead

Conductor Y

Underground

Transmission Cable Y

* Pending Approvals



Cable Types

Array Wire (Harness, Jumpers and Whips)

± USE-2, RHH/RHW-2, RWU90, PV Wire; TUV ± 1kV and 2kV

± Cu

± 8 and 10 AWG

DC Feeder ±

USE-2, RHH/RHW-2, RWU90, PV Wire;T

UV ± 1kV and 2kV

± Cu or Al

± Varying sizes (1/0 and larger)

AC Feeder ± MV 105 or MC-HL (Armored and Non-Armored)

± 28kV or 35kV (100% or 133%)

± Concentric Neutral or Tape Shield

± Cu or Al

± Varying Sizes



Photovoltaic Cable Installation



Thank You

solar presentation 3-17-11

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