Sociolinguistic Patterns

By Paulina Escobar A.

Sociolinguistic

Is

A sciense That studies

The Language in context

A languageCan be influenced by

Social class1

Gender3Style Age2 4 Network

5

of the speakers

Social class1

Combine elements of

EducationOccupation Income

Social classIs generally

divided into

But

Upper class Lower class and

These groups have differences in vocabulary:

1- table-napkin2- have one’s bath3- writing paper4- pudding

1- Serviette 2- take a bath3- note paper4- sweet

These two groups also have phonological variables of the following sounds:

/r/ /ŋ/ /h/

Readin,Singin

Reading,Singing

Higher class Lower class

(nasal sound /ŋ/)

produce

In verbs such as

produce

(alveolar sound /n/)

Heart Hand

(Higher class)

eart and

(lower class)

Drop of hs

Higher classLower class

Not r-pronouncing

r-pronouncing

More prestige

Style2

and

The use of postvocalic /r/

Highest group

Lower middle class

Lowest class

The most

use of

Postvocalic /r/

In the most formal style

has

The shallowest slope

has

The shallowest slope

Lower middle class

And exterior standard of correctness

Insecurity about their own speech

It is called HYPERCORRECTIONThey try to use the prestige norm used by upper class.

Gender3

Women Men

tend to use

More higher-status variants

More hypercorrection

(specially in lower middle class)

Less higher-status variants

tend to use

Less hypercorrection

3 Gender

Women Men

More prestige forms

Tend to over-report

Use of non-standard forms of speech.

are likely to under-report their use of

standard forms.

Queen Victoria

In the Victorian era

Speaking properly

Was associated

With being female

particularly

A LADY

Age4

In Sweden there are Especially

differences between

7 and 16 16 and 20

More estandard forms

Awarness of

Certain markersEg: more final ts

examples

huset kastat

Network5

Is related to

The group of people that we have contact

For example

Puerto Ricans

Who have

Contact with black speakers

Delete

Final –t/d more often

fas istead of fast

gol instead of gold

thanthose

Puerto Ricans

Who have not

Contact

Black speakers

with

In the New York City

Standardization Inequalities

in

society

Are reflected in

Distribution of social dialects

The process

of

Standardization

converts

One variety

into

A standard

by

Fixing and regulating its

spelling

grammar

Standardization and its effects in Papua Guinea IN

Papua Guinea

There is

A difference

between

Indigenous languages Tok Pisin (an

English-based pidgin)

English

Indigenous languages

English

In Papua GuineaHas a high value.

Speaking English is considered “good” at school.

Tok Pisin (an English-based

pidgin)

Has a high value too.

Speaking Tok Pisin is considered “bad” at school.

Are devaluated

Speaking indigenous languages is considered “worst” at school.

English has become a estandard language, a socially accepted language in Papua Guinea.