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Sociolinguistic Patterns
By Paulina Escobar A.
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Sociolinguistic
Is
A sciense That studies
The Language in context
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A languageCan be influenced by
Social class1
Gender3Style Age2 4 Network
5
of the speakers
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Social class1
Combine elements of
EducationOccupation Income
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Social classIs generally
divided into
But
Upper class Lower class and
These groups have differences in vocabulary:
1- table-napkin2- have one’s bath3- writing paper4- pudding
1- Serviette 2- take a bath3- note paper4- sweet
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These two groups also have phonological variables of the following sounds:
/r/ /ŋ/ /h/
Readin,Singin
Reading,Singing
Higher class Lower class
(nasal sound /ŋ/)
produce
In verbs such as
produce
(alveolar sound /n/)
Heart Hand
(Higher class)
eart and
(lower class)
Drop of hs
Higher classLower class
Not r-pronouncing
r-pronouncing
More prestige
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Style2
and
The use of postvocalic /r/
Highest group
Lower middle class
Lowest class
The most
use of
Postvocalic /r/
In the most formal style
has
The shallowest slope
has
The shallowest slope
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Lower middle class
And exterior standard of correctness
Insecurity about their own speech
It is called HYPERCORRECTIONThey try to use the prestige norm used by upper class.
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Gender3
Women Men
tend to use
More higher-status variants
More hypercorrection
(specially in lower middle class)
Less higher-status variants
tend to use
Less hypercorrection
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3 Gender
Women Men
More prestige forms
Tend to over-report
Use of non-standard forms of speech.
are likely to under-report their use of
standard forms.
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Queen Victoria
In the Victorian era
Speaking properly
Was associated
With being female
particularly
A LADY
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Age4
In Sweden there are Especially
differences between
7 and 16 16 and 20
More estandard forms
Awarness of
Certain markersEg: more final ts
examples
huset kastat
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Network5
Is related to
The group of people that we have contact
For example
Puerto Ricans
Who have
Contact with black speakers
Delete
Final –t/d more often
fas istead of fast
gol instead of gold
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thanthose
Puerto Ricans
Who have not
Contact
Black speakers
with
In the New York City
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Standardization Inequalities
in
society
Are reflected in
Distribution of social dialects
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The process
of
Standardization
converts
One variety
into
A standard
by
Fixing and regulating its
spelling
grammar
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Standardization and its effects in Papua Guinea IN
Papua Guinea
There is
A difference
between
Indigenous languages Tok Pisin (an
English-based pidgin)
English
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Indigenous languages
English
In Papua GuineaHas a high value.
Speaking English is considered “good” at school.
Tok Pisin (an English-based
pidgin)
Has a high value too.
Speaking Tok Pisin is considered “bad” at school.
Are devaluated
Speaking indigenous languages is considered “worst” at school.
English has become a estandard language, a socially accepted language in Papua Guinea.