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University of Bergen, 13 Feb 2012 Workshop Sociolinguistic and discourse analysis of social media data
Jannis Androutsopoulos !!University of Hamburg [email protected]!http://jannisandroutsopoulos.wordpress.com/!!!!
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Sociolinguistic and discourse analysis of social media data
This workshop is intended as a (partially hands-on) illustration of procedures and problems in sociolinguistic research on social network sites and participatory online environments. It is organised in four parts:
a) Some analytical and methodological distinctions in language-
centred CMC research.
b) Two descriptive devices developed in my recent work on
YouTube and Facebook, with demonstration of their use in analysis: the ‘participatory spectacle’ and the ‘wall event’.
c) Hands-on: metalinguistic discourse on (German) YouTube.
d) Hands-on: Code-switching in Facebook wall events.
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Obvious problems
» Heterogeneous data
» Invisible social contexts
» Language in multimedia environments
» Technological determinism vs. social practice
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media factors in CMD (Herring 2007)
4
Herring, Susan C. (2007) A faceted classification scheme for computer-mediated discourse. In: Language@Internet, 4, article 1. URL: http://www.languageatinternet.de/articles/2007/761/index_html/
Jannis Androutsopoulos, University of Hamburg, 2012
social/situational factors in CMD (Herring 2007)
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CMDA data sampling techniques (Herring 2004)
6 Herring, Susan C. (2004) Computer-Mediated Discourse Analysis: An Approach to Researching Online Communities. In: Barab, Sasha A. et al. (eds.) Designing for Virtual Communities in the Service of Learning, 338-376. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Some distinctions in CMD (or language-centred CMC) research
1. Screens and users
2. Modes, genres, and platforms
3. Writers and audiences
4. Time and space
5. Units, sequences, and intervals
6. Language in multimodal/multimedia context
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Data set 1:
» Dialects on YouTube (metalinguistic discourse,
performance and negotiation of dialects)
» ‘Participatory spectacle’
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‘participatory spectacle’
» Media material produced by web users, displayed on a media-sharing platform, and responded to by other users
» Shaped by participation and convergence
» ‘Spectacle’ is meant to evoke:
visual reception, multimodal resources
entertainment as communicative aim (primarily, though not exclusively)
orientation to audiences, seeking and receiving responses
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Participatory spectacle – a new kind of ‚text‘?
» A multimedia, multi-authored, dynamically
expanding text
» An outcome of the interaction between:
» produced material,
» modalities of display,
» audience responses
(References on last slide) 11 Jannis Androutsopoulos, University of Hamburg, 2012
Participatory spectacles: produced, displayed, responded to
» Produced Wide range of available media and modes!
Pre-existing material can be used, modified, recombined
Potential for planning, scripting, aesthetic elaboration
» Displayed Made retrievable through tags (and title) by producers
Supplied with framing information by hosting platform
» Responded to Viewers’ engagement with a spectacle in terms of
› Video responses / Comments / Circulation, re-imbedding
Videos as an occasion to reproduce larger social discourses
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Participatory spectacles as cultural productions
» situated outside, but related to and interacting with mainstream media
» unregulated public space offering a forum to voices that are excluded from mainstream media
» site of grassroots media engagement, where dominant texts are appropriated and creatively modified
» repository of ‘dynamic’ semiotic material characterised by "detachability” and circulation
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Participatory spectacles as sites of localness
» Spectacles often represent, refer to, depict etc. a particular (geographical) place or (social) space
» Places/spaces can be shown or talked about, but also indexed, alluded to, stylized, or stereotyped
» Spectacle makers position themselves with respect to these places and spaces - they live there, have been
there, like or dislike them etc.
» Thus engaging with localness also means doing identity
work: displaying and negotiating one’s own claims of belonging
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Participatory spectacles as sites of vernacular language practice
» ‘vernacular’ in sociolinguistics and literacy studies (e.g. Barton & Hamilton 1998; Coupland 2009): local, linked to a specific place or region non-institutional, limited to the everyday
non-standard (distinct from standard language)
» Participatory spectacles draw on and recontextualize vernacular speech:
A resource in home-made representations of local community and culture
Performed and stylised (staging social types or stereotypes)
Embedded into complex multimodal/multimedia texts Often linked to globally circulated materials and discourses
Jannis Androutsopoulos, University of Hamburg, 2012
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Use of dialect/region tags on YouTube (September 2010)
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Kölsch: 1630
Berlinerisch: 28 Berlinisch: 12
Hessisch: 418
Bay(e)risch: 2417 Bairisch: 176 Boarisch: 478
Fränkisch: 298
Alemannisch: 50
Schwäbisch: 3000
Pfälzisch: 98
Niederdeutsch: 58 Nedderdüütsch: 10 Plattdeutsch: 532
Plattdütsch: 62 Sächsisch: 387
Jannis Androutsopoulos, University of Hamburg, 2012
Videos tagged as “Berlinerisch”
» Drawing on videos and transcripts, discuss the different ways dialect is engaged with in these videos. Consider:
Genre, including the distinction between fictional and non-fictional
Stylization of “typical” dialect speakers
Use of vs. talk about dialect
Links between dialect and social identities, as expressed or performed in the videos
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Comments to “Berlinerisch” videos
» Handout: a selection of comments to two videos of the compilation (the earliest 35 or so comments per video). Use the coding of Berlinerisch features from the video handout. Consider : Dialect use in the comments: frequency, variation in
dialect spelling; switching between dialect and standard (to the extent you can decode that); and relations between dialect and writer’s voice.
Dialect discourse in the comments: what language attitudes are expressed in he comments; what dialect stereotypes are mentioned; how authenticity of dialect use ion the videos is judged upon; and whether writers disclose their own dialect identity.
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Data set 2:
» More data from the facebook pages of the German-Greek pupils.
» ‘Wall event’
(References on last slide)
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‘Wall event’
» Facebook walls can be regarded as an ‘endless’ sequence of multi-authored ‘events’.
» Any sequence of user-contributed comments that is displayed on a user’s wall: Consist of ≥ 1 post (the initiative
contribution or opener) followed by ‘likes’ and/or user comments (responsive posts).
Displayed in reverse chronological order
Visually set off from each other.
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‘Wall event’
Analytical categories
(a) participation formats
(b) types of initiative contribution
(c) dialogic and interactive
relations between posts
(d) extent of a wall event (time,
length).
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Papers
» Androutsopoulos, J. (2010) Localising the global on the participatory web. In: Coupland, Nikolas (ed.): Handbook of Language and Globalization, S. 203-231. Oxford: Blackwell.
» Androutsopoulos, J. (in press) Participatory culture and metalinguistic
discourse: performing and negotiating German dialects on YouTube. Forthcoming in Discourse 2.0: Language and new media , eds. Deborah Tannen & Anna-Marie Trester, Georgetown University Press.
» Androutsopoulos, J. (in press) Intermediale Varietätendynamik: Ein
explorativer Blick auf die Inszenierung und Aushandlung von ‚Dialekt’ auf YouTube. Sociolinguistica Vol. 26 (2012).
» Androutsopoulos, J. (forthcoming) Networked multilingualism: Some
language practices of Facebook and their implications. In: International Journal of Bilingualism.
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